IN THE STEPPE OF THE BURNED
WHILE WE ARE ALIVE
The years of the Great Patriotic War are leaving in the depths of time. We, her veterans, are also leaving. As you wish, while we are still able to do this, to convey to our sons and grandchildren the vivid memory of her unforgettable days - let the young people better realize what happiness it is to live under the sky, not clouded by the smoke of military fires.
Much has been written about the Patriotic War. Much more will be written. Every day it is worthy to be captured - whether it be an inconspicuous day of the front-line lull, filled with hard, endless military labor, or a day of incredible tension, which will later go down in history.
I want to tell in these notes about one of such battles, as a result of which the hope of the enemy to turn the tide of the war in their favor was finally buried in the steppes near Belgorod and Kursk. By offering them to the attention of readers, I do not at all pretend to give a broad, let alone a comprehensive picture of the Battle of Kursk, to reveal its entire course. Let such tasks be solved in the memoirs of military leaders, in the research of historians.
My task is more modest. I am trying to tell only about what I saw myself as an ordinary participant in this battle, and what my fellow soldiers saw. And even if our sector of review was not very large: it was limited by the scale of only our regiment, only our personal vision. But on the other hand, we saw the war at the closest approach, it happened, only at arm's length - a distance separating us from an armed evil enemy.
Let the reader not be surprised that the memories of the battles on the Kursk Bulge are preceded, occupying quite a lot of space at the beginning of the book, by episodes in which the author's personal, albeit small, experience and his personal observations relating to an earlier time are reflected. These episodes make it possible, of course, not on a large scale, but in some specific, characteristic features to present the circumstances of life in our rear on the eve of the battle, to see with individual examples how preparations were made for it after the victory at Stalingrad, the logical consequence of which was then the defeat of the Nazis at the Kursk Bulge. In the fate of every person, even the most inconspicuous, ordinary, the course of history and the fate of the people inevitably find their echo - that is why I find it possible to talk about my comrades in arms, about other participants in the events, and about myself. We were the most ordinary people of which there were millions, people doing our duty as citizens and soldiers. And I would like the reader to see the battle in the arc and what preceded it, with our eyes, to be imbued with our feelings and experiences and to understand us as fully as possible. For four decades we have been separated from those blazing days. But the haze of time is unable to close them. They do not fade in our soldier's memory. And do we not have the right to make sure that this memory survives us?
The present, as you know, does not exist without the past. Remembering the experience, I want to see it through the prism of today, where the angle of refraction of time allows it.
I will consider my modest task accomplished if the pages of my notes help the reader, at least to some extent, to feel the scorching breath of military suffering on the Kursk land in the summer of 1943.
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Here they are - the usual church notes.
In the notes submitted for commemoration at the liturgy, they write the names of ONLY those who are BAPTIZED in the Orthodox Church!
Notes must be submitted before the start of the liturgy. It is best to submit your memorial notes in the evening or early in the morning, before the service begins.
Notes for prayer services can be ordered before it starts, or in advance.
The requiem can be ordered on the day of commemoration (without delay), or the night before.
Names should be written in the genitive case
, that is, asking ourselves the question: are we praying for the health or repose of whom? Peter, Tamara, Lydia ... It is wrong to write: Tamara, Elena.Notes should be written legible handwriting, do not make letters smaller. When inscribing names, remember them from the bottom of your heart with a sincere desire for their good, trying to think about each of those whose names you enter
The names should not be written in abbreviated form, but in full: not Katya, but Ekaterina, not Masha, but Maria, etc.
All names must be given in church spelling
It does not follow use affectionate substitutions for proper names: not Dunya, but Evdokia, not Lelya, but Elena, etc., as well as common folk variants of Christian names, for example Yegor instead of George, Stepan instead of Stephen, etc. No matter how much we love the baby, no matter how tender we feel for him, in the notes we need to write the full Christian name: Alexander.
Give a damn- Dear ones, take the trouble to decipher the name of your grandmother-great-grandmother yourself. Whatever you call her - Dunya, or Dusya, or Lelik - you need to write this name in full, correct form. Not give a damn, butThekla, and maybeAgraphenes... Ask your relatives about your grandmother's real name.
Before you enter unconventional names relatives and friends, let's figure out what their Christian name is. So, often in the notes there are the names Rustam, Ruslan. If this person is baptized, they give him a Christian name. Also, there are no such names in the calendar as Lenin, Oktyabrina, Kim, etc.
Ruslana- There is no such name in the calendar. Or maybe this person is not baptized at all? If a person has a non-Orthodox name, before asking for him to pray at church prayer, it is necessary to find out what name he has in baptism. As a last resort, if we do not know the Christian name of this person, we can write side by side, in brackets: (baptism.) This will show the priest that the person is an Orthodox Christian.
October- There is no such name in the calendar either, it is a Soviet name. It is necessary to indicate in the notes the Orthodox name of the person.
Remembering the priest
, mWe never write in notes: o. Vasily, about. Peter. Whatfather? Deacon? Priest? Archimandrite? .. We always write san: deacon, hierodeacon, priest, archpriest, hieromonk, abbot, archimandrite, monk (or monk).The names of saints are very often found in the notes. For those who don't know: we do not pray for the repose of people glorified in the face of saints. It is they who, being at the Throne of God, are praying for us. Therefore, it is not worth writing in the notes the name of Father John of Kronstadt, as is often done, or the name of St. Blessed Xenia of Petersburg.
Can't write
Blessed. Mary- What a bliss. Maria? Wordblissful- this is the official title of the saint, glorified by the Church in the face of the blessed: Blessed Matrona, Blessed Xenia. If some old woman is called blessed by her admirers, this is only a pious name for her, but not a title that the Church assimilated to her. That's why all gentle and respectful forms of address do not need to be written in notes. It is also not worth writingold lady Love, elder Nikolai... The latter is often written in notes, referring to the blessed memory of Archpriest Nikolai Guryanov from the island of Zalita, near Pskov. But in the notes you need to write: Fr. Nikolai, not Elder Nikolai.Dev. Faith – Now we do not have such a title asVirgin
, orVirgo
who was in the Ancient Church. This was the name given to women who devoted their entire lives to serving God without creating families. This is an ancient type of monasticism. But today there is no such rank and church title. And if a woman simply did not manage to get married, then this is all the more not a reason to solemnly inform everyone about it.
Danila, priest. Petra
- 1) There is no name Danil, there isDaniel... This is how it should be written in notes. 2) Write priest. Peter, without specifying whether he is a priest or an archpriest, is not a gross mistake. The mistake is that, after all, the name of the priest is written before the names of the laity. Mixing everyone in a bunch: metropolitans, priests, laity is not worth it.
A child under seven years of age is listed as an "infant"
(for example, Young. John) and completely.A child after 7 to 14 years old is indicated in the note as a teenager
(for boys) and the young lady (for girls). For example, neg. Elena, neg. Demetrius.You cannot submit a note about the health of an unborn child.
The unborn child has not yet received Holy Baptism, and only the names of baptized Orthodox Christians are written in the notes.Also n You can not submit notes about the repose of dead and unbaptized babies. It is only possible to remember with a candle and at home with a prayer for unbaptized babies.
The sequence of listing the people to be remembered in the note:
- the names of the clergy are entered first with an indication of their rank:patriarch ...., metropolitan ...., archbishop ....,
bishop ...., protopresbyter ...., archimandrite ....,
archpriest - abbot ...., hieromonk ...., priest ....,
archdeacon ...., protodeacon ...., hierodeacon ....,
deacon ...., subdeacon ...., monk (nun) ....,
novice (novice) ...; the reader ...;
- followed by the name of your spiritual father - the priest who
instructs you, cares about the salvation of your soul, prays to the Lord for you;
- then baby names are listed:
baby (young girl) .... - this is a child under 7 years old;
adolescent (adolescent) .... - This is a child from 7 to 14 years old;
- now the names of all other adult laymen fit in:
first male names and then female names:
your parents;
own name;
the names of your family members, relatives and friends;
the names of your benefactors;
if you have any, then write the names of your
ill-wishers, offenders, envious people and enemies;
- according to the pious tradition, after the list of names, they usually enter the phrase
"All Orthodox Christians", which says what you want
salvation to all, without exception, Orthodox Christians, names
which you may have forgotten or not known.
As a complement to the name, you can write (in an understandable abbreviation):
warrior;
sick - (sick);
traveling - (travel);
prisoner - (condemned);
pregnant (non-idle) - (non-part.).
Additional information you canindicate in notes
"On the repose":
newly departed
- deceased within 40 days after
death (usually indicated in the notes in abbreviated form n / a);
ever memorable
(deceased who has a memorable date on this day)
usually denote in notes abbreviated p / p:
- death date,
- name day
- and the birthday of the deceased;
warrior.
All read notes are burned in a special place.
Sometimes, the most difficult and incomprehensible things in the church for us are the simplest things ... For example, church notes. For me, as for a person who has spent more than 11 years in the altar, the question is: "What is the difference between a prayer service and a magpie?" looked funny. Until I realized that my friends and acquaintances ask me too often.
Then I decided to conduct a small survey in order to understand what exactly in relation to church notes my friends and colleagues are incomprehensible, and it turned out that literally everything is incomprehensible to them!
Some wondered why the notes were written, where they were then taken away and what happens next to them and to those people for whom they were applied.
Others have faced the problem of filling out the note: Is it possible to enter the names of all or only the baptized? What if you do not remember the baptismal name of a person? How to correctly distribute the entered into categories: "pregnant", "warrior", "student", "hieromonk", and is it necessary?
Still others tried to understand what is the meaning of dividing notes into ordered and simple ones, magpies, prayers and requiems?
Finally, the fourth was worried about the money issue. What happens if a note costs 10 rubles, and there were only 8 rubles in your pocket? Will they refuse to accept and pray? Or why in one church they take money for a note, and in another for each name? If I have many relatives, should I save on their commemoration and submit notes not for everyone? I will try to tell you about everything.
1. Why are notes written and what happens to them afterwards?
The Savior Christ Himself said: “Truly also I say to you that if two of you on earth agree to ask for any deed, then whatever they ask will be for them from My Heavenly Father, for where two or three are gathered in my name, there I am in the midst of them ”(Matthew 18: 19-20).
These words of the Lord indicate that although home prayer is of great importance, congregational prayer in the church is still more valuable and stronger, so it is very correct to visit it as often as possible and prayfully remember your loved ones there.
When the notes are written and given to the church shop, they are waiting for the arrival of the sexton, who will take them to the altar. There they, if these are so-called “simple notes”, will be remembered twice.
First, the priest will prayerfully commemorate each of your loved ones during the proskomedia - a special sacred rite, when prosphora and wine are specially prepared for offering a Bloodless Sacrifice for all believers, during which the Holy Spirit mysteriously transfers them into the Body and Blood of Christ.
At the proskomedia, the priest, with a special knife - a “copy”, will take out of the small prosphora exactly as many particles as there are names in the notes collected for this liturgy, while praying for each of these people. In large cathedrals, there are a lot of notes, so several priests can simultaneously perform commemoration at the proskomedia - each with its own part of the notes.
The second time your loved ones will be remembered at the end of the Sacrament of Communion, when the priest brings the Holy Chalice into the altar. Then he will read the prayer: “Wash away, Lord, the sins of those who were remembered here, with Your Honest Blood, with the prayers of the saints” and will pour into the Chalice all the particles taken out for the people remembered on this day. Through contact with the Body and Blood of Christ, all those who are remembered will receive special divine help for their bodily and spiritual recovery and correction of their lives.
If the notes that you will submit are “ordered”, then for those who are commemorated by you they will be prayed three more times: the deacon will commemorate them during the reading of the augmented litany, then the priest will read the prayer in front of the throne, and then, depending on whether health ”this note or“ about the repose ”, it will be read again with prayer, respectively, at a prayer service or at a memorial service.
2. Who can and who cannot be included in the notes, when is it better to submit them and how to correctly draw up them?
It is best to submit the notes at the evening service or at the very beginning of the liturgy, at least before the reading of the Gospel, since the priest must still have time to remember your loved ones, then prepare the Holy Gifts for transfer from the altar to the altar and during the Great Entrance move them there, after which the particles are no longer removed.
During the divine service, the Church commemorates all people in common prayers (“... For those who float, travel, the ailing, suffering, captives and for their salvation to the Lord ...” etc.), but the commemoration by the priest in the altar leaves for the faithful children of the Church - that there are people baptized. Also, if we talk about the deceased, people who deliberately took their lives are not remembered. The Church prays for everyone else.
It is recommended to write the names of those remembered in the genitive case (about the health / repose of whom? - Nicholas, Elena, Pavel, ..) and in full (Nicholas, not “Kolya”, Peter, not “Petit”). It is also worth trying to write the names accepted in the church tradition (Elena, not Alena, Sergius, and not Sergei, George, and not Zhora, Hera, Yegor or Yuri). At the same time, the baptismal name of the person is indicated (Vladlen, Arthur or Oktyabrina definitely have a second name given at Baptism).
Now about the titles. If we talk about the oldest tradition, then no titles, except for the holy dignity, were indicated in the notes. All names were written under each other, in a column, and only the clergy had any prefix before the name: "Metropolitan." - Metropolitan, "bishop" - the bishop, "hierom." - hieromonk, "deac." - deacon, "mon." - a monk.
Somewhat later they began to add prefixes to the names of people requiring special prayerful remembrance - "v." before the name of a warrior due to the severity of his service, "jr." - in front of the baby's name because of its tender age and "pain." - before the name of the sick person, because at the moment he is struggling with an illness.
Now, many believers are trying to somehow single out almost everyone, and the priest is forced to spend a lot of time analyzing various fantasies like “uch.”, “Fruit.”, “Ber.”, “Neg.” and others. This is not a particularly good tradition and it is not worth it to draw up notes in this way.
If you still do not remember or do not know the name of the person in baptism, but you know for sure that he was baptized, write as it is - the priest will remember him, and the Lord knows exactly what name he was given. But still try to find out the church name of a loved one!
3. What is the point of separating notes and what types of notes are there?
Notes are primarily divided into two types - about the living and about the dead. They are divided into simple and custom ones because in churches, especially in large cathedrals, there can be very, very many notes and it can take a very long time to remember all of them as custom ones, which delays the service and is physically difficult for believers who pray in the temple, who throughout the service spend on their feet.
Memorials are also divided into liturgical and extra-liturgical, one-time and reusable.
At the service, only notes about health and repose (simple and ordered) and temple memorials are read, where relatives of priests, clergymen, benefactors, etc. are inscribed.
After the service, a moleben can be additionally served (with or without the consecration of water, to the Lord, the Mother of God or a saint, for a particular need) or a panikhida. A moleben is served for the living, a requiem for the dead. At the prayer service, ordered notes about health and notes for a prayer service (with the inscription "prayer service") are read, at the funeral service - ordered notes about the repose and notes for a requiem (with the inscription "requiem").
There are also multiple commemorations, the so-called "magpies". They are also for the living or for the deceased and are commemorated at the same moments of divine services and out-of-service prayers as ordered notes. The magpies differ only in the period of commemoration - they can be submitted for 40 days (hence the name “magpie”), for six months or just for a year.
In some churches and, especially, in monasteries, you can order "eternal remembrance" or the reading of the "Unsleeping Psalter". Both for the living and for the dead. But since this is not found everywhere, we will not consider these commemorations.
4. Money issue
Like a candle, a note is a form of our sacrifice to God and our contribution to the upkeep of the temple. In ancient times, people brought with them everything they needed for divine services - bread, incense, wax, oil, wine, they themselves built a church in their village and gave a tenth of their income for its maintenance.
It is rather difficult for the current manager to make wine, and for the factory worker to collect wax from the beehives ... That is why we bring money to the church and therefore in church shops there is such a seemingly Jesuit formulation as “the recommended form of donation”.
If you don’t have enough money for baptism, or a note, everything is solved quite simply - you just need to go to the rector of the church, explain the situation, and in the vast majority of cases he will bless you to give as much as he can and will prayerfully commemorate your relatives as well as relatives of any other person.
Finally, about notes and names. By this method, as a rule, they try to regulate the number of notes in churches, in which there are very few priests and a lot of parishioners. In temples where everything is balanced, the amount of donation is usually counted by the number of notes. In the same place where the priest is overloaded, they set the standard in names. Then the person decides who is really important to him, and for whom he can pray at home, and the priest gets some relief when he remembers thousands and thousands of names. We believers should take good care of him too!
Afterword
On this, I consider the educational program on church notes to be complete. In case you think that any important issue has been ignored and you would like to analyze it too, please write in the comments. In this case, the article will be supplemented.
Dear brothers and sisters, I hope the answer to some of your questions has made the temple a little clearer and friendlier for you! Come to church more often to pray to the Lord in the company of Orthodox Christians that are unanimous to you. Remember that not only you yourself need a dialogue with Christ, but your living and departed loved ones are also waiting for your prayer.
Andrey Segeda
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LETTER A. GOLIKOV TO WIFE
Dear Tonya!
I don’t know, will you ever read these lines? But I firmly know that this is my last letter. Now there is a hot, deadly battle. Our tank is hit. There are fascists all around us. We have been repelling the attack all day. Ostrovsky Street is littered with corpses in green uniforms, they look like large immovable lizards.
Today is the sixth day of the war. We were left alone - Pavel Abramov and me. You know him, I wrote to you about him. We don't think about saving our lives. We are warriors and are not afraid to die for the Motherland. We think how the Germans would pay dearly for us, for our life ...
I am sitting in a riddled and disfigured tank. The heat is unbearable and thirsty. There is not a drop of water. Your portrait lies in my lap. I look at him, at your blue eyes, and it becomes easier for me - you are with me. I want to talk to you, many, many, frankly, as before, there, in Ivanovo ...
On June 22, when war was declared, I thought about you, I thought, when will I return now, when will I see you and press your sweet head to my chest? Maybe never. After all, the war ...
When our tank first met the enemy, I hit it with a gun, mowed it down with machine-gun fire in order to destroy the Nazis more and bring the end of the war closer, so that I could see you sooner, my dear. But my dreams didn’t come true ...
The tank shudders from enemy attacks, but we are still alive. There are no shells, cartridges are running out. Pavel hits the enemy with aimed fire, and I "rest", I talk to you. I know this is the last time. And I want to talk for a long, long time, but there is no time. Do you remember how we said goodbye when I was escorted to the station? Then you doubted my words that I would love you forever. She offered to sign so that I belong to you all my life. I willingly complied with your request. You have on your passport, and I have a stamp on the receipt that we are husband and wife. It's good. It's good to die when you know that there, far away, there is a person close to you, he remembers me, thinks, loves. "It's good to be loved ..."
Through the holes in the tank, I see the street, green trees, the flowers in the garden are bright and bright.
After the war, you, the survivors, will have a life as bright, colorful as these flowers, and happy ... It's not scary to die for it ... Don't cry. You probably won't come to my grave, and will it be - a grave?
Pavel Abramov made his first entry about the war in a tank unit where he served in the military. And up - a quick march to the west, towards the treacherous enemy, to the aid of the heroes-border guards.
The crew of tank number 736 was ordered to follow in the direction of Rivne. Pavel Abramov was driving the car. Alexander Golikov was nearby.
The first meeting with the Nazis took place on the third day. With the battle, the tank broke forward. A few more skirmishes along the way - and an armored car on the streets of Rivne.
The situation was heating up every hour. On the morning of June 28, a fierce battle broke out at the crossing of the Ustye River. The drunken Hitlerites launched a full-length attack on the defenders of the crossing, regardless of the losses. Abramov's tank skillfully maneuvered, point-blank shooting enemy infantry and enemy firing points.
Meeting resistance, the fascist troops bypassed the crossing and burst into the city from the south and east.
Once surrounded, the tank rushed to the center of the city, to where the main enemy masses were. On the move, he crashed into the midst of the enemy column, crushing the fleeing infantrymen with caterpillars. The runners were overtaken by well-aimed machine-gun bursts ...
All day a Soviet tank was rushing around the city, panicking the Nazis. But at the end of Ostrovsky Street, one of the shells hit the track, and the car froze.
The delighted fascists pulled cannons and large-caliber machine guns to the wrecked tank. So began an unequal duel, about which legends were later made ...
Pavel Abramov was 26, and Alexander Golikov was 24. The first was born in the village of Davydkovo, Gorky region, the second - in a village near Leningrad. After school, Pavel came to Moscow, worked at the Borets plant, and after graduating from the road institute - in the 3rd bus fleet of the capital. Alexander graduated from FZU in Leningrad, became a turner. Both were drafted into the Red Army in October 1940. They met and became friends there. But now, when explosions rumble around, we fraternized in battle and decided to shoot back to the last bullet.
Eyewitnesses who watched the fight later said:
Cannons and machine guns fired at the tank from all sides. When one of the tankers died from an enemy bullet, the other continued an unequal battle. Shells and cartridges came out. The survivor set fire to the tank and also died.
They were buried by local residents.
Now there is an obelisk on the heroes' grave. The names of the heroes are also indicated on it.
Pavel Abramov and Alexander Golikov were posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree.
One of the schools of the capital and a pioneer detachment are named after P. A. Abramov. The Komsomol brigade in the bus depot, where Pavel Abramov worked before the war, also bears his name.
LETTER OF LIEUTENANT P. GLUKHOV TO THE BRIDE
Naya Naya! I rarely write to you. Not because I don't want to, but because I can't write often. You know: my life is always in danger. I do not want to amuse you with vain hope. I always write to you after the fight. But if you receive this letter, it means that I am not, it means that I fell on the battlefield thinking about you, my distant and close friend.
I took care to write this letter in advance so that you, alive, would know how much I loved you, how infinitely dear you were to me.
Only, dear, dear Naya, this is not why I am writing this letter, so that you are always tormented by longing, sadness about me, so that you always walk gloomy and gloomy. No! For this I am writing so that you know and remember until the end of your days about my love for you, about that inexpressible feeling that moved me, gave me strength in the struggle, made me fearless when I was scared.
And also so that you know that you, a good, sincere girl and your love are a reward and an oasis for a tired warrior.
Here is your photo in front of me. Your eyes look at me as if they were alive. I see sadness in them. If you were filming with deliberately feigned sadness, then they would not have expressed it so much and fully. I know you were longing.
Your letters breathe with impatience, you ask to beat the fascists better, more mercilessly, so that I will return to you as soon as possible. Believe me - your order, your call - I will fulfill it with honor. Like you, I live the dream of returning to you, meeting you again. And I know the further west I go, the sooner our meeting will be. And for the sake of realizing this dream, I so eagerly rush into battle, in the name of you I manage to do in battle what I would be surprised if I read in the newspaper.
I could be reproached if they had read this letter, reproached for the fact that I am fighting for you. But I don’t know, I can’t distinguish where you end and the Motherland begins. She and you merged together for me. And for me your eyes are the eyes of my Motherland. It seems to me that your eyes accompany me everywhere, that you - invisible to me - make an assessment of my every step.
Your eyes ... When I looked into them, I experienced an inexplicable feeling of delight and some kind of quiet joy. I remember your glances, sidelong, with a slight slyness. Only now I realized that in those moments, in these views, your love was expressed best and most of all.
The future for me is you. However, why am I talking about the future? After all, when you receive this letter, I will be gone. I would not want you to receive it, and I will not even write the address on the envelope. But if, if you do get it, don't be offended. This means that it could not be otherwise.
Goodbye. Be happy without me. You will be able to find yourself a friend, and he will be no less happy with you than I am. Be fun. In the days of the glorious victories of our people, rejoice and triumph together with everyone. Only I wish that on such days, in days of joy and happiness, the hidden, tender sadness about me would not leave you, so that your eyes would suddenly, for a minute, become the way they are now looking at me from a portrait.
Sorry for such a desire.
I hug you tightly and warmly.
Greetings.
There was a fierce battle for the enemy stronghold. On the way of the fighters there was an enemy bunker, the machine-gun fire from which did not allow to raise their heads. Lieutenant Peter Glukhov with a grenade in his hand crawled to the embrasure of the bunker, at which time a bullet struck him. When the battle subsided, the friends buried their friend with military honors. In the personal belongings of the deceased, the comrades found an unsent letter to his girlfriend and her photo. On the back of the photo there was an inscription: “My glorious! You are far away, but you are always with me. I am sending this photo so that you will remember me more often. Hello my dear. Your Naya. May 1943, mountains. Ufa ".
A certified copy of the letter is kept in the Central Archives of the Central Committee of the Komsomol (letters to the editorial office of Komsomolskaya Pravda, 1943, No. 6543, fol. 3-6).
LETTER FROM MORTALLY Wounded TANKIST I.S.KOLOSOV TO THE BRIDE
Hello, my Varya!
No, we will not meet with you.
Yesterday we smashed another Hitler column at noon. A fascist shell pierced the side armor and exploded inside. While I was driving the car into the forest, Vasily died. My wound is cruel.
I buried Vasily Orlov in a birch grove. It was light in it. Vasily died, without having time to say a single word to me, did not convey anything to his beautiful Zoya and white-haired Mashenka, who looked like a dandelion in fluff.
This is how one of the three tankers was left.
In the dark, I drove into the forest. The night passed in agony, a lot of blood was lost. Now, for some reason, the pain that burns through my entire chest has subsided and my soul is quiet.
It is very disappointing that we have not done everything. But we did our best. Our comrades will chase the enemy, who should not walk through our fields and forests.
I would never have lived my life like this if it weren't for you, Varya. You have always helped me: on Khalkhin Gol and here. Probably, after all, whoever loves is kinder to people. Thank you, dear! A person is getting old, and the sky is forever young, like your eyes, into which you can only look and admire. They will never grow old, never fade.
Time will pass, people will heal their wounds, people will build new cities, grow new gardens. Another life will come, other songs will be sung. But never forget the song about us, about the three tankers.
You will have beautiful children, you will still love.
And I am happy that I am leaving you with great love for you.
Your Ivan Kolosov
In the Smolensk region, on one of the roads, a Soviet tank with tail number 12 rises on a pedestal. During the first months of the war, junior lieutenant Ivan Sidorovich Kolosov, a career tanker who began his combat path from Khalkhin-Gol, fought on this machine.
The crew - commander Ivan Kolosov, mechanic Pavel Rudov and loader Vasily Orlov - resembled the characters of the song about three tankers popular in the pre-war period:
Three Tankmen three merry friends
The crew of the combat vehicle ...
The battles with the Nazis were fierce. The enemy paid for each kilometer of Soviet land with hundreds of corpses of his soldiers and officers, dozens of destroyed tanks, cannons, machine guns. But the ranks of our fighters also melted. At the beginning of October 1941, on the outskirts of Vyazma, eight of our tanks were frozen at once. The tank of Ivan Kolosov was also damaged. Pavel Rudov died, Kolosov himself was wounded. But the enemy was stopped.
With the onset of darkness, the engine was started, and tank 12 disappeared into the forest. We collected shells from the destroyed tanks and prepared for a new battle. In the morning we learned that the fascists, having rounded this sector of the front, nevertheless advanced to the east.
What to do? Fight alone? Or leave the wrecked car and make your way to your own? The commander consulted with the loader and decided to squeeze everything out of the tank and fight here, already in the rear, to the last shell, to the last drop of fuel.
On October 12, tank 12 escaped from an ambush, unexpectedly ran into an enemy column at full speed and scattered it. On that day, about a hundred Nazis were killed.
Then they fought eastward. On the way, tankers more than once attacked enemy columns and carts, and once they crushed an "Opel-captain" in which some fascist authorities were traveling.
Came October 24 - the day of the last battle. Ivan Kolosov told his bride about him. He had a habit of regularly writing letters to Vara Zhuravleva, who lived in the village of Ivanovka, not far from Smolensk. Lived before the war ...
In a wilderness forest, remote from the villages, we once stumbled upon a rusted tank, covered with thick paws of spruce and half sunk into the ground. Three dents in the frontal armor, a ragged hole in the side, prominent number 12. The hatch is tightly battened down. When the tank was opened, they saw the remains of a man at the levers - this was Ivan Sidorovich Kolosov, with a revolver with one cartridge and a tablet containing a map, a photograph of his beloved and several letters to her ...
LETTER OF THE RED ARMENIAN V. V. ERMEYCHUK TO THE GIRL
Dear Olga!
Today marks exactly two years since I did not receive from you warm, sincere words that warm on cold autumn nights that caress the soul.
If you knew how I miss you. If you knew how much I want to tell you ...
During these two years I have learned a lot. The war hardened me. When I remember the past, it seems to me that I was a boy, and now I am an adult who has only one task - to take revenge on the Germans for all that they have done. To avenge the suffering of my old mother, who probably died of hunger in captivity by the Germans.
Komsomolets member Vasily Vasilyevich Yermeichuk wrote this letter in the newly liberated city of Nizhyn. But it was interrupted by the signal of the advance.
Yermeychuk walked in front. As they approached the enemy trenches, the fire intensified. A fragment of an exploding mine wounded him. Another fell nearby, but at that moment he jumped into the trench and found himself right in front of the enemy. With a blow from a machine gun, the guardsman stunned the fascist, who was aiming at him with a pistol.
Several enemy soldiers pounced on Yermeichuk. They pointed the barrels of machine guns at him and yelled at him to surrender. Then the fighter grabbed the last grenade and threw it near him.
There was an explosion. The Red Army soldier fell. Fascists fell dead around him.
The soldiers who arrived in time began to pursue the retreating Nazis. At this time, the orderlies picked up Vasily Yermeichuk. Eleven wounds were counted on his body. He was unconscious. For a moment he woke up, looked at his comrades and said quietly:
Take the letter to Olga in my pocket, add it ...
But he did not finish the sentence and died in the arms of his comrades.
Eight times that day, the soldiers fought hand-to-hand with the enemy, avenging their fighting friend.
NOTE BY SERGEANT T. BURLAK
I am dying for my Motherland. Consider me a communist. Tell Lena that I fulfilled my promise, and took her love with me
Senior Lieutenant Vasily Alenin told a touching story about the heroic deeds of his front-line friend Tikhon Burlak in a letter from the army in the field.
There were fierce battles. The Nazis clung to every line, but the Soviet soldiers stubbornly pushed forward. During the liberation of the village of Medveditsa, Sergeant Burlak killed eight Nazi soldiers in an unequal battle. Exhausted, wounded, bleeding, he picked up a machine gun, took grenades and headed to where his fellow soldiers were fighting the enemy.
After the battle, Tikhon Burlak ended up in the hospital, then again to the front, to his unit. He told new fighters and old friends about his beloved girl, that he was from Ukraine, from the city of Nikolaev, no one was left alive. He often showed the shooters a carefully kept photograph of the bride.
And then on one of the sunny spring days Sergeant Burlak, who was in the bunker, took an unequal battle with the enemy.
The Nazis rushed into the attack several times during the day, but the warrior took up the trigger of the machine gun and stopped them each time. By nightfall, the battle was over. And the next day, in the morning, the Nazis resumed their attack. Having decided that a large group of Soviet machine gunners had settled in this bunker, the Nazis called in a bomber. The sergeant was already wounded in the arm and head, but continued to defend himself. He worked as long as there were cartridges. But after a three-day battle, only two grenades and a rocket launcher with one rocket remained. Tikhon fired a rocket and, in its light, threw one grenade into the thick of the enemy, the second blew himself up.
By dawn, the Nazis retreated. The bunker had 48 enemy corpses lying around.
The soldiers rushed into the ruins of the bunker. There they saw their friend dead. Silently, with their heads bare, they looked for a long time at their comrade, who had left them forever.
At the broken machine gun lay a photograph of Lena, well-known to the shooters, covered with stains of fresh blood and pierced by a grenade fragment. On the ground - a suicide note written in large letters on a sheet of paper with the blood of the hero - Sergeant Tikhon Burlak. The note was published in the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" on June 1, 1943.
A. Shelepin
The most important document, allegedly confirming the fact of the execution by the NKVD officers of 21,857 Polish prisoners of war in the spring of 1940, is a note by the chairman of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexander Shelepin N-632-sh dated March 3, 1959 to Nikita Khrushchev with a proposal to destroy the records of the executed Poles. It contains so many inaccuracies and errors, that it is difficult to call it a reliable historical document. Details about the mysterious circumstances of the preparation of the note can be found in the chapter"Shelepin as the" main "witness of the Katyn crime"
We will present scans of this note in order to illustrate the discrepancies associated with this document - the material was provided by uv. amarok_man after our previous publication on the Katyn issue.
Fake "Shelepin's Note" to the Central Committee of the CPSU. To the Katyn case. Parsing it .
Shelepin's letter to Khrushchev and the draft resolution of the Presidium of the Central Committee were executed not on the appropriate forms, but on plain paper, handwritten. But from the transcript of the session of the Constitutional Court, where this document was considered, it follows that the President of the Constitutional Court mentions the presence of a blank from the 1930s
On the "Shelepin's letter" sent in 1959 (the date of the letter is March 3, 1959, see below) the clerk of the general department of the Central Committee stamped the incoming number in 1965. It follows from this that he did not hand over the top-secret letter to the General Secretary of the Central Committee for 6 years and 6 days. ??
In accordance with the content, the document should have been classified as "Special folder" and not "Top secret".
Attention is drawn to the calligraphic handwriting of the letter, each letter is written out separately. This handwriting did not belong to Shelepin himself. Some of his assistants carefully wrote letters under the dictation of the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, but did not use a typewriter? For reasons of secrecy, this could not be explained, because the document passed through regular mail and office, as evidenced by the stamps of the clerks
The lack of letterhead and typewriter type in the production of this document can be explained by the fact that the counterfeiters did not have access to the typewriters and letterheads of the KGB of the USSR for the corresponding period of time.
On the "letter" there are not the slightest marks or orders of any secretary of the CPSU Central Committee - it turns out that the letter of the KGB Chairman Shelepin from among the secretaries of the Central Committee has never been seen.
The well-known abbreviation KGB has been deciphered, but for some reason the NKVD has not. Troikas of the NKVD of the USSR were liquidated by the Decree of November 17, 1938 of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). It was prescribed: “Eliminate judicial troikas created in the order of special orders of the NKVD of the USSR, as well as troikas at regional, regional and republican police departments of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Henceforth, all cases, in strict accordance with the current legislation on jurisdiction, should be transferred to the courts or to a Special Meeting under the NKVD of the USSR "
In April-May 1940, Polish prisoners were taken out of the Starobelsky and Ostashkovsky POW camps alive, which follows from several thousand archival documents.
In the "Shelepin's letter" the whole and stored in the archive are indicated for 1959 the "registration files for prisoners of war" of the Starobelsk camp, but these files were burned as early as October 25, 1940, about which Inspector Pismenny and the state security sergeant Gaididey drew up an act on the same day, still archived.
The Starobelsk camp is not "near Kharkov" - but in the Voroshilovgrad region - almost 250 km from Kharkov. ??
The CPSU in 1940 was called the VKP (b).
The comma after the word "deeds" (participle) is missing.
The material is too bulky. In the third part, scans of documents exposing the forgery + documents of the commission of Viktor Ilyukhin, who worked with materials about the Katyn affair, will be given.
The comma after the word "issued" is missing. The word "nobody" is written separately.
The words "For the Soviet authorities ... on the initiative of the Soviet authorities" betray a "Polish accent." Not only the chairman of the KGB, but also ordinary citizens distinguished the legislative power - the Soviets (the Supreme Soviet, etc.), which, by the way, had nothing to do with the Katyn case, and the party-state authorities.
The name of the commission omitted the word "circumstances", and the word "Commission" is written with a small letter.
"Material b investigation ".
The Soviet press is written with a small letter according to the rules.
"For the fulfillment of requests that might be" is clearly a Polish accent.
"Shelepin's letter" was sent to the Central Committee of the CPSU through the KGB office, since it has an outgoing number (Н-632-sh) and the date of dispatch is March 3, 1959, but it does not have an incoming registration in March 1959 with the Central Committee of the CPSU.
On the letter, in addition to the stamp on March 9, 1965, there is another stamp dated March 20, 1965. When the contrast is increased, the inscriptions "Central Committee of the CPSU" and "General Department" become visible there.
Describing "the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b)" of March 5, 1940, the performer wrote "The Central Committee of the CPSU." But the party was renamed from the CPSU (b) to the CPSU only in 1952.
All this betrays that this is a low-quality fake, made very rudely.
The topic of the Katyn fakes is very voluminous and it is very difficult to lay out all the material. At one time, a commission of the deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Viktor Ilyukhin worked on the "Katyn case". By the way, he died under very strange circumstances.
Here is the statement he made based on the results of his work on this commission, shortly before his death:
"In the second half of May 2010, one of the main manufacturers of this fake addressed to the Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Viktor Ilyukhin with a confidential oral statement about his personal participation in the fabrication of the forged" Beria letter No. 794 / B ". Ilyukhin sent two official letters to the head of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma G.A. Zyuganov.
"Comrade G.A. Zyuganov
I inform you, as the leader of the Communist Party and the Communist Party faction in the State Duma, that on May 25, 2010, I received a call from an unknown man who asked to meet with me. At the same time, he said that he could provide information in connection with the investigation into the death of Polish officers in Katyn. This meeting took place on the same day.
The unknown person told me his last name, for the sake of his safety I will not disclose it yet, and said that he is directly related to the production and forgery of archival documents, including the execution of captured Poles.
It follows from his statements that in the early 90s of the last century a group of high-ranking specialists was created to forge archival documents concerning important events of the Soviet period. This group worked in the structure of the security service of Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Geographically, it was located in the premises of the former dachas of the workers of the Central Committee of the CPSU in the village. Nagornoye. The work of the group members was well paid, they received food packages.
In particular, he said that they had prepared a note from L. Beria to the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from March 1940, in which it was proposed to shoot more than 20 thousand Polish prisoners of war. At the same time, he demonstrated the mechanism for forging the signatures of L. Beria, I. Stalin (I attach copies of the sheets). I do not exclude that the Polish government was also handed fake documents under the so-called. Katyn case.
He said that his group had prepared a fake note from Shelepin addressed to Khrushchev on March 3, 1959. Colonel Klimov was directly involved in writing the text.
According to him, the necessary order was delivered to Nagornoye, the text for the document that should have been made, or the text to be included in the existing archival document, to make the signature of this or that official under the text or on the text.
According to him, a group of people was working on the semantic content of the draft texts, which allegedly included the former head of the Federal Archives Pikhoya, close to the first Russian president M. Poltoranin. The name of the first deputy head of the presidential security service G. Rogozin has also been named.
The group worked in the village. Nagornoye until 1996, and then was moved to the village of Zarechye.
He knows that employees of the 6th Institute (Molchanov) of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces worked with archival documents in the same way.
He claims that hundreds of false historical documents were thrown into the Russian archives during this period, and as many more were falsified by introducing distorted information into them, as well as by forging signatures. also fake impressions of stamps, signatures, etc. He promised to provide additional materials. At the same time, he said that he was often ironic about the presentation of certain archival documents to the public as reliable, although the named group of people "had a hand" in their falsification.
Dear Gennady Andreevich, I believe that there is some truth in the story of the interlocutor. I will refer, for example, to the fact that Russian scientists, in particular, Doctor of Historical Sciences M. Meltyukhov, have already proven the falsification of the "Testament of VI Lenin", documents related to the abdication of Nicholas II, there are other similar facts.
The question is more than important. It is connected with the complete discrediting of the significance of the Russian archives, the documents stored in them, and most importantly, with the discrediting of our national history.
The work on the study of this problem must be continued, our historians must be attracted to it.
I consider it too early to raise the issue with the Russian government.
Reported at your discretion.
V. I. Ilyukhin
May 26, 2010
"Comrade G.A. Zyuganov
Dear Gennady Andreevich!
In addition to my note dated May 26, 2010, I would like to inform you that I have continued contacts with a person who announced his participation in the falsification of archival documents related to the Soviet period.
He submitted, as he claims, the archival file of the Special Fund No. 29, volume 7 "Correspondence of the NKGB - NKVD with the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in the period from 02.01.1041 to 05.05.1941 About Germany's preparation for war against the USSR" (fund 9). Case on 202 sheets, filed according to inventory on August 30, 1944. The cover of the case bears the following marks: "Keep forever. Not subject to declassification."
According to his statement, this archival file was in his possession in connection with his participation in the early 90s of the last century in the work of a group of specialists in the forgery of historical documents. They had free access to archival materials. Many documents were brought to the village. Nagornoye without any accounting and control over their movement. Their receipt was not recorded by any receipts and storage obligations.
In fact, 202 sheets of correspondence with Stalin, memoranda of the heads of the NKVD, NKGB of the USSR, Ukraine, border services, as well as some directive notes are filed in the case. This volume was removed from the archive, according to the source, with the sole purpose of enclosing a memo made in the early 90s on behalf of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union S. Timoshenko, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, General of the Army G. Zhukov ... The executor of the note is Major General Vasilevsky.
The note is indeed located on the sheets of the case under the serial numbers 0072-0081 with the stamp "Of particular importance", "The strictest secret", dated March 11, 1941.
The note provides an assessment of the political situation in Europe with proposals to pay special attention to the defense of our western borders. It is noted that Finland, Romania, Hungary and other allies of Hitler may be involved in the war against the USSR on the side of Germany. The layout of our military units in the West is given with proposals for their strengthening.
The source said that in the same order, another memo addressed to Stalin signed by the same previously named persons, dated April 4, 1941 (No. 961), was included in the case under serial numbers 0109-0115.
The note describes the numerical strength of the German troops deployed near the borders of the USSR. The opinion was expressed that Hitler could start a war against the Soviet Union "in the near foreseeable future", the terms of the start of the war "from the next two months to a year." At the same time, measures were proposed for the deployment of Soviet troops and the conduct of war on enemy territory.
The source explained that these two false documents (memoranda), as far as he knows, were prepared mainly by military specialists of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, most likely, as he understood, to raise the authority and significance of the General Staff of the Red Army.
I will express a different point of view.
In my opinion, the forgeries were made with the aim of once again discrediting I.V. Stalin, and this was done in line with that frenzied propaganda campaign of criticizing the Soviet leadership, which was especially cynical and frankly conducted in the early 90s of the last century and subtly continues now. The falsifiers of historical facts by the content of the "memorandums" tried to suggest that I.V. the situation on the western borders of the USSR was reported on a really impending attack, and he simply ignored the opinion of the General Staff. Therefore, the Red Army and the country as a whole suffered such heavy losses in the first two years of the war.
In support of my version of the possible legalization of a forged document, I inform you that the memo of March 11, 1941 was published in the Collection of documents "The State Security Bodies of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War", vol. 1, book two, pp. 49-54, published. A / O "Books and Business", Moscow 1995, published by the Academy of the Federal Counterintelligence Service (now the FSB) of the Russian Federation.
Communicating with the source more and more strengthens my confidence in the veracity of many of his information about the falsification of documents on historical events of great importance, but I believe he did not report all the fakes.
I consider it appropriate now to start drafting an official statement of the Central Committee (Presidium) of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on falsification of archival historical documents.
IN AND. Ilyukhin
