Speech by the teacher-organizer of life safety
at the General meeting of the labor collective, Yakshigulova A.F.
"... Everything we do, we do for those we love the most - for our children."
The preservation of the health of children today is actualized by the widespread deterioration of the ecological situation. Children are easily affected by both positive and negative environmental influences.
Among the various types of security for educational institutions, environmental safety is relevant.
One of the aspects of the environmental safety of an educational institution is the safety of the environment (compliance of the educational institution with the environmental requirements), and the other aspect is health preservation. Health preservation is one of the most important principles implemented in modern education.
The school's activities to prevent adverse effects on the body of students of harmful factors and conditions accompanying their educational activities are regulated by sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations that determine sanitary and hygienic requirements, based on which the parameters of such environmental factors as temperature, light, humidity are clearly stated. to the environment in which the children are.
The content of the school's environmental safety includes: landscaping the school grounds and caring for plants; improvement of the economic zone with trash cans located, timely garbage removal; organization of disposal of chemical waste (chemicals remaining after chemistry lessons), food, wood, as well as the separation of certain types of waste (waste paper, packaging materials, polyethylene, etc.).
Compliance with certain standards related to these types of activities can be considered as providing an educational institution with environmental safety, since their violation can lead to serious negative consequences, both for the environment and for the health of people, including children.
Basic documents regulating the type of activity of school educational institutions are:
Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Law of the Russian Federation of 9.01.1996 No. 3 “On radiation safety of the population.
Law of the Russian Federation of 30.03.1999 No. 52 "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population."
Norms and requirements for classrooms and departments.
ND UMB RAO-2-2000 Official edition
Developed and introduced by the Center for Teaching Means (SO Center) of the Institute of General Secondary Education of the Russian Academy of Education (IOSO RAO).
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 1998 N 681 "On approval of the list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors subject to control inRussian Federation "(as amended on February 6, November 17, 2004, July 8, 2006).
Order of the Ministry of Education of the USSR of 10.07.1987, No. 127 "On the introduction of safety rules for classrooms (laboratories) of chemistry in secondary schools of the Ministry of Education of the USSR."
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 03-417 of April 1, 2005 "List of educational and computer equipment for equipping educational institutions."
Ensuring environmental safety is based, first of all, on the observance of legislative norms of state and international law in the field of ecology. Knowledge of these rules allows you to competently and professionally organize the activities of an educational institution to prevent environmental risks and negative impact on the environment, and therefore prevent possible harm to the health of children.
Ensuring environmental safety is the formation of the ecological culture of students. An important role in the formation of the ecological culture of the individual belongs to the system of continuous ecological education. The formation of an ecological culture is included in the tasks of the school's lesson and extracurricular activities.
In modern conditions, the school should not only be engaged in educating children about the value of a healthy and safe lifestyle, but also strive to provide him with a safe environment.
UDC 355.58
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY MONITORING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
© 2010 L.N. Gorina, N.E. Danilina, A.A. Kovaleva, T.Yu. Frese
Togliatti State University
Received May 14, 2010
Taking into account the multidimensional approach to the issues of ensuring the environmental safety of educational institutions, on the one hand, as users of nature, and therefore exploiting natural resources, on the other hand, having an impact from anthropogenic sources: acoustic load, air pollution, violation of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone, etc. etc., there is a need for a systematic consideration of these problems and the implementation of a set of measures aimed at improving the state of the environment and preserving human life and health.
Key words: environment, educational process, environmental safety, assessment criteria, integrated monitoring
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, land and other natural resources are used and protected in the Russian Federation as the basis for the life and activities of the peoples living in the corresponding territory (Article 9, Part 1). The above constitutional provision in unity with the goal of ensuring the well-being of present and future generations and responsibility to them, proclaimed in the preamble of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, determines the interdependence of the right of everyone to a favorable environment (Article 42), enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and the obligation to preserve nature and the environment, to take good care of natural resources (Article 58), thereby expressing one of the basic principles of legal regulation of relations in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety - the principle of the priority of public interests.
In the settlements of the Samara region, there is a high level of air pollution with harmful substances, and the cities of Samara, Togliatti and Novokuibyshevsk are among the cities of Russia with the highest level of air pollution. The main sources of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are motor vehicles, machine-building enterprises, energy, oil refining, petrochemical industries. Urbanized
Gorina Larisa Nikolaevna, Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor, Head of the Department of Industrial and Environmental Safety Management, E-mail: [email protected]
Danilina Natalya Evgenievna, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Industrial and Environmental Safety Management. Email: [email protected] Kovaleva Anna Aleksandrovna, postgraduate student Frese Tatyana Yurievna, candidate of economic sciences, associate professor of the Department of Industrial and Environmental Safety Management. Email: [email protected]
the territory of the city of Togliatti, the developed motor transport complex allow us to consider that the work on creating comfortable conditions for workers and students of educational institutions, from the point of view of environmental and technological safety, is an urgent problem.
Analysis of the state of the environment in the Samara region and man-made load (highways, industrial enterprises located in the residential area, instrumentation, etc.) shows that the implementation of local environmental, fire-prevention and sanitary measures does not allow to effectively solve the problems of environmental rehabilitation and technogenic safety of the territory and protection of public health. The Federal Law "On Environmental Protection", which regulates relations in the field of interaction between society and nature, is among the principles on which the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local authorities, legal entities and individuals should be carried out, affecting environment, calls the observance of the human right to a favorable environment, a scientifically grounded combination of environmental, economic and social interests of a person, society and the state in order to ensure sustainable development and a favorable environment, as well as payment for nature management and compensation for environmental damage (Article 3). Taking into account the multidimensional approach to the issues of ensuring the environmental safety of educational institutions, on the one hand, as users of nature, and therefore exploiting natural resources, on the other hand, having an impact from anthropogenic sources:
acoustic load, air pollution, violation of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone, etc., there is a need for a systematic consideration of these problems and the implementation of a set of measures aimed at improving the environment and preserving human life and health. The solution to these problems is possible within the framework of the implementation of target-oriented projects. One of these projects is the "Systematic Assessment of Environmental and Technogenic Safety of Educational Institutions." At the first stage of the study
within the framework of the project, a regulatory and legal framework was formed. These documents regulate the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, maintenance and organization of the operating mode of educational institutions, ensuring technogenic (fire and emergency) safety. At the second stage of the study, a system of objective criteria (Table 1) was developed to assess the environmental and technological safety of the external and internal environment of educational institutions.
Table 1. Criteria for assessing environmental and technological safety
Factor name Normative legal document
registration of an educational institution as a nature user "On environmental protection" Federal Law No. 7 of 01/10/2002 (as amended on 06/26/2007), Article 69
availability in the budget of the organization of funds for environmental payments "On environmental protection" FZ No. 7 dated January 10, 2002 (as amended on June 26, 2007), Article 69 "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - FZ dated June 24, 1998, Art.11.18
availability of the Draft Waste Generation Standards and Limits for Their Disposal (PNOOLR) "On Production and Consumption Waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998, Article 11.18 "On Environmental Protection" (No. 7-ФЗ dated 10.01 .2002, Articles 5.14, 22, 41, 51 "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law" On Environmental Protection "and Certain Acts of the Russian Federation" (No. 309-FZ of 30.12.2008, Article 33)
availability of draft MPE and permits for emissions "On environmental protection" FZ No. 7 dated 10.01.2002 (as amended on 26.06.2007) "On protection of atmospheric air" FZ No. 96 dated 04.05.1999 (as amended by December 31, 2005)
availability of a document on the approval of standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal "On the protection of atmospheric air" FZ No. 96 dated 05/04/1999 (as amended on December 31, 2005), Article 1.18
availability of passports for hazardous waste "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998, Article 11.18 "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law" On Environmental Protection "and certain acts of the Russian Federation "(No. 309-ФЗ dated 30.12.2008, Article 33)
making payments for negative impact on the environment "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998, Article 16 Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 12, 2003 No. 344 "On standards for air emissions of pollutants substances by stationary and mobile sources, discharges of pollutants into surface and underground water bodies, disposal of production and consumption waste "
quarterly submission of information on emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment, disposal of production and consumption waste in the form of a report Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 28, 1992 No. 632 "On approval of the procedure for determining the payment and its maximum amount for environmental pollution, waste disposal , other types of harmful effects "(as amended by the Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 1994 No. 1428, of June 14, 2001 No. 463, as amended by the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of February 12, 2003 No. GKPI 03-49, Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of May 14, 2009 No. 8-P)
annual report on the generation and treatment of waste (form 2 TP - waste) "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998, Article 11.18 Order of the Federal State Statistics Service of August 18, 2008 No. 194 "On approval of forms of federal statistical observation for the organization of statistical observation of agriculture and the environment for 2009"
annual report on emissions into the environment (form 2-TP air) "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998. Resolution of the Federal State Statistics Service dated July 14, 2004 No. 28 "On the approval of statistical tools for the organization statistical observation of the environment "
confirmation in the form of a report on the invariability of the technological process of waste generation Order of October 19, 2007 No. 703 of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of the Russian Federation "On approval of guidelines for the development of draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal"
Availability of certificates of waste hazard class Order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of August 15, No. 570 "On the organization of work on certification of hazardous waste"
availability of protocols for the analysis of waste (in the absence of GOST for waste) Order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of August 15, No. 570 "On the organization of work on certification of hazardous waste"
the presence of an order on the appointment of a person responsible for environmental protection and waste management "On environmental protection" FZ No. 7 dated 10.01.2002 (as amended on 26.06.2007) "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - FZ dated June 24, 1998
availability of a document confirming the training of the head of the environmental protection institution Federal Law No. 89 of June 24, 1998 "On consumer waste" (as amended on December 08, 2008), Article 71
the presence of a waste accounting journal "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998
the presence of an agreement with a licensed organization for the transportation of waste (a copy of the license of the transporting organization is required) "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998, Article 3 "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law" On Protection environment "and certain acts of the Russian Federation" (No. 309-ФЗ dated 30.12.2008, Article 33)
the existence of an agreement for the processing and disposal of waste "On production and consumption waste", No. 89 - ФЗ dated June 24, 1998, Article 3 "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law" On Environmental Protection "and certain acts of the Russian Federation "(No. 309-ФЗ dated 30.12.2008, Article 33)
availability of an ecological passport GOST 17.0.06-2002 “Nature protection. Environmental passport of a natural resource user. Basic provisions. Typical forms "
Experimental testing of the system for assessing the state of the external and internal ecological environment took place on the basis of municipal preschool educational institutions (MDOU), municipal educational institutions of additional education, municipal educational institutions and state educational institutions of higher professional education. The results of approbation of methods for assessing the environmental factors of the educational process are presented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4.
From the results of approbation of methods for assessing the environmental factors of educational
process in municipal preschool educational institutions, it follows that compliance with the criteria for assessing environmental factors of the educational process ranges from 49-68%. The data obtained correspond to the average level of compliance of environmental factors with regulatory legal documents.
The main inconsistencies in all spheres of education were identified according to organizational criteria: registration of an educational institution as a user of natural resources; availability of funds in the organization's budget for environmental payments; availability of the Draft waste generation standards and limits for their disposal
(PNOOLR); availability of draft MPE and emission permits; availability of a document on approval of standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal; availability of passports for hazardous waste; making payments for negative impact on the environment; quarterly submission of information on emissions, discharges of pollutants into the environment, placement of production and consumption waste in the form of a report; annual report on the generation and management of waste (form 2 TP waste); annual report on emissions into the environment (form 2-TP air); confirmation in the form of a report on the invariability of the technological process of waste generation; availability of certificates of waste hazard class; availability of waste analysis protocols (in the absence of GOST for waste); availability of an order on the appointment of a person responsible for environmental protection and waste management; availability of a document confirming the training of the head of the environmental protection institution; availability of an agreement with a licensed organization for the transportation of waste (a copy of the license of the transporting organization is required).
environmental factors to regulatory legal documents.
Rice. 1. Results of assessing the compliance of environmental safety criteria with regulatory documents in municipal preschool educational institutions
From the results of approbation of methods for assessing environmental factors of the educational process in municipal educational institutions of additional education, it follows that compliance with the criteria for assessing environmental factors of the educational process ranges from 49-68%. The data obtained correspond to the average level of compliance
Rice. 2. The results of assessing the compliance of environmental safety criteria with regulatory documents in municipal educational institutions of additional education for children
From the results of approbation of methods for assessing the environmental factors of the educational process in municipal educational institutions of secondary education, it follows that compliance with the criteria for assessing the environmental factors of the educational process ranges from 44-68%. The data obtained correspond to the average level of compliance of environmental factors with regulatory legal documents.
Rice. 3. Results of assessing the compliance of environmental safety criteria with regulatory documents in municipal educational institutions of secondary education
From the results of approbation of methods for assessing the environmental factors of the educational process in higher educational institutions, it follows that compliance with the criteria for assessing environmental factors of the educational process
fluctuates between 59-72%. The data obtained correspond to the average level of compliance of environmental factors with regulatory legal documents.
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| th 30% --- - - - - -
^ / ^ / / ^ y y
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Rice. 4. Results of assessing the compliance of environmental safety criteria with regulatory documents in state educational institutions of higher professional education
The constitutional obligation to preserve nature and the environment, to treat natural resources with care, which is part of the security mechanism for the implementation of the constitutional right of everyone to a healthy environment and other environmental rights and at the same time applies to both citizens and legal entities, and predetermines their responsibility for condition
ecology. Since the exploitation of natural resources, their involvement in economic circulation, harm the environment, in a market economy, the social (public) costs of the state's implementation of measures to restore it should be covered, first of all, by economic entities and other activities that have a harmful effect on the environment. natural environment. The public authorities, which are also constitutionally responsible for the preservation of nature and the environment, in turn, are obliged to take preventive (preventive) measures aimed at curbing environmental pollution, preventing and minimizing environmental risks.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Arustamov, E.A. Ecological foundations of nature management: Textbook. - M .: Dashkov and K, 2003 .-- 279 p.
2. The Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993 (taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 12/30/2008 N 6-FKZ and of 12/30/2008 N 7-FKZ).
3. Protasov, V.F. Ecology, health and environmental protection in Russia textbook. and ref. allowance. Ed. 2nd. - M .: Finance and statistics, 2000 .-- 671 p.
4. Federal Law No. 7 "On Environmental Protection" dated 10.01.2002 (as amended on 26.06.2007).
MONITORING OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS
© 2010 L.N. Gorina, N.E. Danilina, A.A. Kovaleva, T.Ju. Freze Togliatti State University
Considering the different aspects approach to questions of maintenance the ecological safety of educational establishments, on the one hand, as nature user, and so maintaining natural resources, on the other hand, having influence from anthropogenous sources: acoustic load, air pollution, breaking the sanitary buffer borders, etc., has matured necessity of system consideration the specified problems and realization the complex of actions directed on improvement the condition of the environment and preservation of life and health of the person.
Key words: environment, educational process, ecological safety, criteria of estimation, integrated monitoring
Larisa Gorina, Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor, Head of the Department "Management of Industrial and Ecological Safety". Email: [email protected] Natalia Danilina, Candidate of Pedagogy, Associate Professor at the Department "Management of Industrial and Ecological Safety". Email: [email protected]
Anna Kovaleva, Post-graduate Student
Tatiana Freze, Candidate of Economy, Associate Professor at the Department "Management of Industrial and Ecological Safety". Email: [email protected]
Preview:
State Treasury Educational Institution "Special Correctional General Education Boarding School in Mozdok"
Extracurricular activity
to the Year of Ecology
Geography teacher
Kaloeva Marina Elbrusovna
“Nature needs to be protected, as we protect humans.
Descendants will never forgive us for the devastation of the earth,
abuse of what does not belong
only to us, but also to them by right. "
K. Paustovsky.
Purpose: To acquaint students with the influence of man on nature. Formulate the concept of "environmental safety". To foster a respect for nature.
The course of the event.
Good afternoon, dear friends. We are glad to welcome you to our event. In January 2016, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, in order to involve society in the issues of environmental development of the Russian Federation, preservation of biological diversity and ensuring environmental safety, signed Decree No. 7 "On the Year of Ecology in 2017 in the Russian Federation".
Crushing the ice, changing the flow of rivers,
We confirm that there are a lot of things to do,
But we'll still come to ask for forgiveness
These rivers of dunes and swamps,
At the very gigantic sunrise
At the smallest fry,
While reluctant to think about it,
Now we have no time for this ... yet.
Airfields, piers and aprons,
Forests without birds and land without water.
Less and less surrounding nature,
More and more environment ...
R. Rozhdestvensky.
Here are a few lines from a poem by R. Rozhdestvensky, but they reflect the fact that all of us, people of the 21st century, almost invisibly turned out to be not only witnesses, but also the culprits of these sad changes. After all, it is we, adults and children, who consume electricity, for the generation of which there are entire industries, we drive cars that burn millions of tons of gasoline and require expensive asphalt roads ... And factories and factories, huge megacities, poison the air of soil and water.
On the planet year after year
Man harms nature
And he did not understand, eccentric,
That nature is not a trifle!
He used to conquer everything,
But he cannot understand:
Kohl will not take care of her
He will destroy all living things.
If the planet is polluted, all living things will perish, the planet will perish. The worst thing is that a person himself pollutes the environment and these pollutants return to a person. Can a person remain healthy at the same time? This means that you need to be able to protect and take care of your home, the Earth, and therefore your health. Each person needs to observe not only the rules of personal hygiene, but also the rules of environmental safety.
Environmental safety is protection from the harmful effects of a polluting environment. Let's read the text, restore the missing words and learn the rules of environmental safety.
- ____ stand near the machine with ______________ working.
- Do not stay in a closed garage while working _______________.
- Dilute ____________, which purify the air.
- Don't stand next to _____________ people.
- You cannot swim in _____________ water.
- Drink only _____________ water.
- Wear a hat during _________, it can be acidic.
- Do not collect _________ near roads, factories, landfills.
- Before meals, ______ fruits and vegetables _________ with water.
- Do not eat foods that have expired ____________.
Not, plants, cars, engine, dirty, clean, smokers, rain, mine, shelf life, clean, and berries.
Scientists calculated:
- In one day, a hundred species of plants and animals disappear on earth;
- The forest area is reduced by 15 million hectares every minute;
- The paper lasts for two years until it is completely decomposed, a tin can for 90 years, a plastic bag for 200 years, and glassware for 2000 years.
This problem is especially relevant now. In the meantime, what is required of us? The main thing is that everyone is united by one goal - to preserve, maintain and improve the ecological well-being of the environment. Only through well-coordinated and close interaction can you achieve significant results.
The Year of Ecology is a good occasion to remember that nature has taken care of us, providing us with a huge amount of necessary resources, as well as a reminder to take care of it.
To protect the environment, nature reserves are created, national parks, endangered species of plants and animals are included in the Red Book.
We all owe our lives to the planet - the beautiful and unique Earth - mother. Green from forests, blue from oceans, yellow from sands. Our planet is the greatest mystery and wonder. It keeps in itself the most mysterious mysteries from the origin of life to the future destinies of mankind. The science of ecology studies our home - the planet Earth and how we should live in this house. Everything in our house is interconnected, everything depends on each other: if the sun goes out, everything will freeze and be covered with darkness; if air and water disappear, there will be nothing to breathe and nothing to drink; if plants disappear, animals and humans will have nothing to eat ... Therefore, to preserve nature means to preserve life.
You, a man, loving nature,
At least sometimes you feel sorry for her;
In universal hikes you
Don't trample her fields.
In the train station bustle of the century
You hurry to evaluate her:
She is your old kind doctor,
She is the soul's ally.
Do not burn her recklessly
And do not exhaust to the bottom,
And remember the simple truth:
There are many of us, but she is one.
So that you can feel the joy of tomorrow.
The earth must be clean and the sky must be clean.
And this Earth, without mercy, tormented for centuries,
And the "reasonable" person took everything only for himself.
Now they rushed to save the "natural environment"
But why did we sense trouble so late?
Through factories and factories, smoke is hard for us to see
All the suffering that the Earth has to endure.
How long will there be enough water for us if the poison is dissolved in it?
How long will those forests, where the axes knock, last?
Save the fields, forests, meadows and clear surface of rivers -
The whole Earth can only be you, a reasonable person!
Our Earth is a blue planet
Clothed with fresh air and sun.
No, you believe, Land of doves
From the blue of rivers, lakes and seas.
Mountains, plains, forests and fields -
All this is our planet Earth.
The winds sing, playing with the clouds,
Showers are noisy ... and from edge to edge
You will not find more wonderful in the world
Our beautiful and kind planet !!!
Earth is a beautiful planet
In the sunshine
I love to meet your sunrises
And hear the stream flow.
Watch the waves roll in
Playing with pebbles on the go
How birds fly from the south
To the big old pond.
Timid leaves of trees,
And the smell of herbs in the silent night.
As buds are thumping on the trees,
Like a woodpecker knocks on the bark.
Your sunrises and sunsets
Plains, rivers and fields.
All than with the birth once
Mother Earth gave us a gift.
1
Environmental safety is a state of protection of the natural environment and vital human interests from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, and their consequences. The culture of environmental safety is a set of environmental knowledge, skills and abilities (competencies) in the field of environmental protection, environmentally conscious activities and human behavior that does not harm both the natural and socio-cultural environment. There is an urgent need to develop new approaches and methods, pedagogical support of the educational process of the school for environmental education and upbringing of students, the formation of their culture of environmental safety. The purpose of the experimental study was to identify a pedagogically effective accompaniment that contributes to the formation of the components of the culture of environmental safety, to assess the degree of its formation in a younger student. In accordance with the goal, an educational program for fostering a culture of environmental safety has been developed, including new game forms of classes; the diagnostics of the formation of the components of the culture of environmental safety in the classroom for children of primary school age was carried out.
environmental Safety
culture of environmental safety
socio-natural environment
1. Bogdanova E.P. Formation of ecological competence in children of primary school age // Modern problems of science and education. - 2012. - No. 5.
2. Nesgovorova N.P. From the analysis of the readiness of teachers for the implementation of environmental education // Otkrytoe obrazovanie. - M., 2007. - No. 1. - P. 75–78.
3. Nesgovorova N.P. An integrated approach to determining the readiness of teachers to implement environmental education // Bulletin of the Adyghe University. - Maykop, 2009. - No. 1. - P. 98–104.
4. Nesgovorova NP Formation of a culture of ecological safety: content and methodological aspect / N.P. Nesgovorov, V.G. Saveliev, G.V. Ivantsova, E.P. Bogdanova, G.G. Nedyurmagomedov // Modern problems of science and education. - 2014. - No. 1.
5. On environmental protection: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2002 No. 7-FZ // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - No. 2874 dated 12.01.2002.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Chapter 2, Art. 42) enshrines the rights of citizens to a healthy environment. At the same time, in the modern world, the number of disasters and emergencies is growing, leading to a deterioration in the state of the environment, global changes on the planet, and a decrease in the comfort and safety of the environment. In December 2013, the President of the Russian Federation, on the basis of the National Security Strategy (2009), approved the Concept of Public Security in the Russian Federation. Its implementation should help to increase the protection of the population from natural and man-made emergencies, as well as from the consequences of terrorism and extremism, and to ensure environmental safety.
Environmental safety is a state of protection of the natural environment and vital human interests from the possible negative impact of economic and other activities, natural and man-made emergencies, and their consequences. Its successful implementation is possible not only through the political apparatus of the country, but also with the active participation of the education system and through the education of citizens. The more competent the citizens of the country are in the field of environmental protection, prevention of emergencies and the occurrence of environmental hazards, the safer the socio-natural environment will be.
Education of a humane and respectful attitude towards the environment must be carried out from an early age.
Rice. 1. Structural model of environmental safety
In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2357 dated September 22, 2011, changes were made to the FSES of primary general education regarding the content of the program for the formation of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, including the assimilation of such basic qualities as love for the Motherland. Ensuring the safety of the socio-natural environment as an environment for human life is the most important task of society and every person who understands and realizes the consequences of their activities and behavior. From an early age, it is necessary to form the foundations of a competent, humane attitude towards the environment and towards life in general. For a child to create a system of values of preserving life and health, a responsible attitude towards himself and towards others.
Ensuring environmental safety is one of the priority tasks that requires implementation today.
In our opinion, environmental safety should be based on the following components, closely related to each other: moral and ethical; axiological; cognitive; active and active.
1. Moral and ethical component. This component includes a regulatory and legal function to ensure environmental safety. The basis of the moral and ethical component is: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; "The concept of public safety of the Russian Federation"; the legislative basis in the field of environmental safety provided by the Government of the Russian Federation. Norms and rules in the field of environmental safety for the prevention of natural and man-made emergencies. Decree of the Government "Fundamentals of state policy in the field of environmental development of Russia for the period up to 2030".
In addition, this component should be based on the Federal Law "On Formations of the Russian Federation" and the Federal State Educational Standard, which provides for the implementation of the educational function to form a culture of environmental safety.
Rice. 2. The main components of environmental safety
2. Axiological component. Fostering a value attitude towards the environment and towards life in general is one of the main functions of environmental education and enlightenment. Non-pragmatic, perceptual-affective attitude to the environment determines the basis of the value perception of the world. The formation of environmental values and value attitudes among students is the basis of environmental education in the field of environmental safety, the formation of a culture of environmental safety.
3. Cognitive component (competence). This component includes the formation of basic (basic) competencies in the field of environmental education and enlightenment on environmental safety issues, and also provides for the formation and development of environmental literacy, education, environmental upbringing (a sense of responsibility, humanity); environmentally conscious behavior and activities.
4. Active-activity component. The basis of education in the field of environmental safety is the active work of the state, teachers and students.
This component includes actions to reduce the possibility of environmental risks, both natural and man-made. To reduce the possibility of environmental risks as effectively as possible, develop risk thinking, conscious behavior, and a culture of environmental safety in children.
Formation of the foundations of environmental safety in the family, educational institutions will reduce the possibility of the risk of loss of health and life.
The more responsible we are about the safety of life and health, the more deliberate will be the actions of society to preserve the socio-natural environment.
From an early age, parents should instill in the child a sense of responsibility for their actions and actions, through play, teach the basics of behavior in society and nature, contribute to the formation of the foundations of a culture of environmental safety.
What is a "culture of environmental safety"? Of course, its subject will be somewhat different in relation to the personality, health and well-being of a person living in the modern world, in relation to society, humanity as a whole. According to N.P. Non-conspiracy "culture of environmental safety is a set of environmental knowledge, abilities and skills (competencies) in the field of environmental protection, environmentally conscious activities and human behavior that does not harm both the natural and socio-cultural environment."
The model of the formation of the foundations of the culture of environmental safety in primary school. According to the developers of the new educational standard, it is necessary to develop educational programs, the implementation of which will contribute to the formation and development of a healthy and safe lifestyle, the assimilation of basic basic knowledge, skills and abilities. A graduate must possess a number of qualities such as love for the Motherland, environmental literacy, and responsibility. All this will be an indicator of his level of culture in relation to himself and to those around him.
Rice. 3. Model of the formation of general competences of the culture of environmental safety in primary school
Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new approaches and methods, pedagogical support of the educational process of the school for environmental education and upbringing.
As a basis for pedagogical support, we have developed a constructive approach that allows us to take into account the basic requirements and conditions of the educational process of both schools and institutions of additional education for children. Within the framework of a constructive approach, educational structures of classes have been developed that allow taking into account the capabilities and abilities of each child in environmental education classes.
In the educational process for the formation of a culture of environmental safety, 4 components interact:
- a competence component, which includes a system of knowledge, skills and abilities on environmental safety of students from grades 1 to 4 separately;
- activity component, including the activities of students and educators;
- the axiological component includes the formation of value attitudes towards nature, towards life and personal health, and safe life;
- the productive-reflexive component includes a system of self-control of knowledge, skills and abilities of each student, as well as self-analysis of activity (reflection).
The results of experimental work. Pupils of the elementary grades (192 pupils) of secondary schools of the city of Kurgan took part in the experiment: Gymnasium No. 32, MBOU Secondary School No. 42, MBOU Secondary School No. 11.
The purpose of the experimental research is to identify pedagogically effective support that contributes to the formation of the components of the culture of environmental safety, to assess the degree of its formation.
In accordance with the goal, an educational program for fostering a culture of environmental safety has been developed, including new game forms of classes; the diagnostics of the formation of the components of the culture of environmental safety in the classroom for children of primary school age was carried out.
The formation of knowledge on environmental safety in children of primary school age is best done through play, since children at this age play with pleasure. We carried out the entrance control using the Naturafil questionnaire and a questionnaire survey of primary school students.
Children of primary school age study the world around them with interest and curiosity, and in the classroom they gain knowledge about the nature of their native land. Students of the second - fourth grades love to help adults on their backyard, eagerly take care of pets, watch popular science films and TV shows about wildlife with interest.
At the same time, the results of questionnaires and polls showed a low level of cognitive motives (27.6%); general cultural (12.5%) and special knowledge among students (superficial knowledge - 48.4%), special skills, motivation of environmental activities and activity in the classroom. We explain this phenomenon by the fact that the lesson as the main form of classes is not effective, it is necessary to develop and conduct other forms of classes to form the components of the culture of environmental safety in younger students. We have developed games-constructions based on educational structures "Steps" (1-2 grade) and "Floors" (3-4 grade). A complex of games-constructions was carried out: two didactic games "Kurgan", "Treasures of the old park", role-playing game "Squirrel-skill" and game situation "Forest incident". Reflection was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the games.
Rice. 4. The dynamics of the formation of the components of the culture of environmental safety among students with an initial low level
The results of the final control show an increase in the level of cognitive motives (71.3%) of learning, students of the lower grades have become more purposeful in the classroom on environmental safety. There is an increase in the assimilation of knowledge, both general cultural (77.08%) plan, and special knowledge on environmental safety (70.8%) among students. There is an increase in the level of formation of special skills in the field of environmental safety, students are more actively involved in the classroom, mental activity has increased, the ability to make quick decisions in critical situations is formed, and to value their own health and the health of other people. Behavior in nature has become more conscious and safe. The trainees learned to work independently, both individually and in micro-groups.
In the course of the study, several groups of students were identified, the level of knowledge of which, according to the results of control, is low and medium.
At the beginning of the study, the students showed a low level in 7 indicators: cognitive motives, the amount of general cultural knowledge, the amount of special knowledge, the level of formation of special skills, the use of special skills, risk-thinking ability, the level of formation of special skills. According to the results of the current control, 5 indicators remained at a low level: the volume of general cultural and special knowledge, the level of formation of special skills, the use of special skills in the classroom and the skill of risk thinking. The final control showed that students with a low level were able to assimilate a minimum of knowledge and solve simple tasks in the classroom, learned to evaluate, predict and analyze their activities.
Primary school students showed interest in their studies, were active in the classroom, strived to make decisions on their own, and without the help of a teacher, they learned how to develop rules of behavior and safe activities in school and on the school site.
Based on the results of the lessons, it can be concluded that game forms, excursions and creative workshops are effective, students are engaged with interest and actively participate in the classroom, create products of creativity (drawings, crafts, ecological project).
Reviewers:
Nesgovorova NP, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Section "Ecology and Nature Management", FSBEI HPE "Kurgan State University", Kurgan;
Savinykh V.L., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Pedagogy, FSBEI HPE "Kurgan State University", Kurgan.
The work was received on 08/05/2014.
Bibliographic reference
Bogdanova E.P., Kupriyanova T.S. CULTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND ITS FORMATION IN CHILDREN AS A CONDITION OF UNCONFLICT RELATIONS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT // Fundamental Research. - 2014. - No. 9-7. - S. 1602-1607;URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=35111 (date of access: 02/01/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the "Academy of Natural Sciences"
