A splitter is a device that allows you to perform frequency separation of several types of signals. Thus, the splitter scheme involves the simultaneous connection of several devices at once to a single line using a coaxial cable. For example, the Internet and cable TV can be connected right away.

Purpose and arrangement of splitters

The design of a standard splitter consists of a connector equipped with ports for interconnecting various devices, including telephones and modems. In each model, the number of ports can be different, within 2-16 points. The sides of the device are used to place them.

The connector types also differ depending on the devices used. The number of installed ports significantly affects the functionality of one or another splitter. The more such connectors there are, the higher the capabilities of a particular device. It should be remembered that it is not recommended to connect splitters with each other, as this leads to a decrease in their performance.

In addition to standard designs, there are so-called reinforced splitters. These devices, in addition to transmitting conventional signals, allow the transmission of weak signals over long distances. A good coaxial splitter should only include high-quality components, as low-quality components will gradually attenuate the transmitted signal. Connecting different devices at the same time may result in interference and poor transmission quality. In high-quality devices, such disadvantages are completely eliminated.

Connection diagram

On the line supplied to the splitter, it is recommended to perform splices and twists in a minimum amount. Transitional elements also need to be used very carefully. The ideal option is a direct connection between the PBX and the splitter.

If there is only one and one telephone in the apartment, located not far from the computer, the LINE splitter connector is connected directly to the socket, PHONE to the telephone, and MODEM to the modem.

If there is a telephone in the next room, the modem can be connected directly to the telephone line, and only the telephone is connected to the splitter. The modem connector remains unoccupied. If several telephones are connected in parallel at once, then the wiring of the telephone wires is redone in such a way that they all pass through the splitter. As a fallback, you can use several additional splitters for each phone. Thus, each device is provided with an individual microfilter.

When the telephone is paired, the splitter is included in the line break located in front of the diode attachment. The wire coming out of the PHONE jack is connected to the diode attachment, and the phone itself should not be plugged directly into the splitter. After that, the functioning of the phone is checked, first of all, the observance of the polarity of the wires. If during the check it turned out that the phone does not work and it is impossible to call anywhere on it, the telephone wires must be swapped among themselves at the connection point.

In the event that the circuit is not correctly executed, interference and extraneous noise may appear in the phone. Modem operation becomes unstable, up to a complete loss of connection. Therefore, the connection of the splitter and other equipment must be performed by qualified personnel.

How to make a splitter with your own hands

Screenshots are taken from the documentation for ADSL modems ZyXEL, HUAWEI, D-Link, etc. Let's consider the connection option using the ZyXEL AS 6 EE splitter as an example.

ADSL splitter connection. The most common option.

1. In connector LINE the splitter is connected to the city telephone line. This connector is sometimes referred to as LINE-IN, for example ECI-TELECOM splitters. I have not met other options. Bends or branches are undesirable. This significantly reduces the reliability of the ADSL modem. If there are taps / branching to the splitter, then the telephones must be switched on through "microfilters". Instead of a microfilter, you can use another ADSL splitter.

2. In connector MODEM the splitter is connected to an ADSL modem. In ECI-TELECOM splitters, this connector is sometimes called LINE-OUT, in D-Link splitters this connector is called ADSL... at SIEMENS it is called NT... (Network Termination)

3. In connector PHONE the splitter is connected to telephones, faxes, mini-automatic telephone exchanges, Dial-UP modems, etc. Everything that used to hang on this phone number will now be included in the splitter, in the connector PHONE! This connector is sometimes referred to as TEL, - D-Link splitters, microfilters, ISDN splitters. For SIEMENS splitters, this connector is called POTS(Plain Old Telephone Service)

General option for connecting the ZyXEL AS 6 EE ADSL splitter, for example, the ZyXEL 660H modem is taken

How to connect ADSL splitter

We use the highest quality telephone wire. Do not use power wires. It is advisable to completely get rid of the cable TRP ("carnation noodles"). Indoors, the distance from the ADSL splitter to the ADSL modem can be any. But the total distance between your ADSL modem and the provider's modem (DSLAM) installed on the PBX should not exceed the theoretical 5-6 km. (Cable length) The best option is to run a CAT 5 twisted pair from the MCT on the staircase to the splitter and from the splitter to the ADSL modem. For instance:

The two-pair cable is ideal for RJ11 termination. For the line, we take a blue or orange pair. It is forbidden to take wires from different pairs!
Splitters use RJ11 connectors, but older ECI-TELECOM models and ISDN ZyXEL splitters use a connector MODEM replaced with RJ45. All splitter connectors use two center pins.

Possible options for connecting ADSL splitter "a

Such a connection is impossible with SIEMENS splitters, their NT / ADSL output is decoupled by capacitors. The direct current for the phone connected to the second splitter will not pass.

The connection diagram using microfilters is used in desperate situations when it is impossible to change the telephone wiring in the room. This is an extreme option, it is not recommended to use it. Sometimes, in order to save money, a microfilter / splitter is not used at all. As a result, the phone interferes with the operation of the ADSL modem (frequent loss of connection). There is noise in the phone when the ADSL modem is working. Instead of a microfilter, you can use another ADSL splitter. In this case, the second splitter has a connector MODEM not used. Connect the remaining two connectors as shown in the figure below:

In general, if you look at an agreement with a telephone operator, then in it, in the agreement, it says - "one telephone line - one telephone set." If you have an office, then connect the line to the mini-automatic telephone exchange. If you have an apartment and you desperately need a telephone in every room, then connect the line to the DECT base, and then the radio tubes to each room. Of course, one or two phones connected through a splitter do not load the line too much, but five or more phones are already too much.

By connecting all these endless splitters, microfilters, telephones to the line, you increase the capacitive load on the line. Thus, you yourself degrade the quality of telephony. A situation may even arise that, due to the excessively increased capacity in the line, the ringing signal will cease to pass. Also, the more connections, connectors, contacts, the less reliability.

How not to connect ADSL splitter

The most common mistake is when connecting phones to a splitter.

Another option is to turn on the splitter somewhere, turn on the ADSL modem somewhere. Phones will be connected wherever possible. It is clear that all this works "somehow".

Sometimes they connect a telephone line to the splitter connector PHONE... Telephone sets are plugged into the splitter connector LINE... With this inclusion, the telephones will work, the ADSL modem will not work.

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ADSL splitters. Device. Connection diagrams

How to connect ADSL splitter correctly

The screenshots are taken from the documentation for the ZyXEL, HUAWEI, D-Link, etc. modems.

Let's consider a connection option using the ZyXEL AS 6 EE splitter as an example.

Figure 1.1. ADSL splitter connection. The most common option.

1. In connector LINE the splitter is connected to the city telephone line. This connector is sometimes referred to as LINE-IN, for example ECI-TELECOM splitters. I have not met other options.

Bends or branches are undesirable. This significantly reduces the reliability of the ADSL modem. If there are taps / branching to the splitter, then the telephones must be switched on through "microfilters". Instead of a microfilter, you can use another ADSL splitter.

Figure 1.2. ADSL splitter ZyXEL AS 6 EE.

Figure 1.3. A general option for connecting the ZyXEL AS 6 EE ADSL splitter, for example, the ZyXEL 660H modem is taken.

How to connect ADSL splitter.

We use the highest quality telephone wire. Do not use power wires. It is advisable to completely get rid of the cable TRP ("carnation noodles").

Indoors, the distance from the ADSL splitter to the ADSL modem can be any. But the total distance between your ADSL modem and the provider's modem (DSLAM) installed on the PBX should not exceed the theoretical 5-6 km. (Length of cable)

The best option is to run a CAT 5 twisted pair cable from the MCT on the staircase to the splitter and from the splitter to the ADSL modem. For example: UTP twisted pair cable, category 5, 2 pairs, solid UTP2-C5E-SOLID-GY

Fig. 2. Two-pair cable.

The two-pair cable is ideal for RJ11 termination. For the line, we take a blue or orange pair. It is forbidden to take wires from different pairs!

Splitters use RJ11 connectors, but older ECI-TELECOM models and ISDN ZyXEL splitters use a connector MODEM replaced with RJ45.

All splitter connectors use two center pins.

Possible ADSL splitter connection options "a.

Cascade connection. Such a connection is impossible with SIEMENS splitters, their NT / ADSL output is decoupled by capacitors. The direct current for the phone connected to the second splitter will not pass.

Figure 3.1. Cascade connection.

The wiring diagram in Figure 3.1 is used in desperate situations when it is impossible to change the telephone wiring in the room. This is an extreme option, it is not recommended to use it. Sometimes, in order to save money, a microfilter / splitter is not used at all.

As a result, the phone interferes with the operation of the ADSL modem (frequent loss of connection). There is noise in the phone when the ADSL modem is working.

Instead of a microfilter, you can use another ADSL splitter. In this case, the second splitter has a connector MODEM not used. Connect the remaining two connectors as shown in Fig.3.2.

Figure 3.2. Using microfilters.

In general, if you look at an agreement with a telephone operator, then in it, in the agreement, it says - "one telephone line - one telephone set."

If you have an office, then connect the line to the mini-automatic telephone exchange. If you have an apartment and you desperately need a telephone in every room, then connect the line to the DECT base, and then the radio tubes to each room.

Of course, one or two phones connected through a splitter do not load the line too much, but five or more phones are already too much.

Also, the more connections, connectors, contacts, the less reliability.

How not to connect ADSL splitter.

Electronics is the science of contacts. When necessary - it is not. When not dado - he is (S)

The most common mistake is when connecting phones to a splitter.

Another option is to turn on the splitter somewhere, turn on the ADSL modem somewhere. Phones will be connected wherever possible. It is clear that all this works "somehow".

The strangest thing is that modem manufacturers draw in the documentation the wrong location of connectors when connecting a splitter. The modem is drawn in all the details, but for some reason the splitter is drawn somehow. If you look at the photo of the ADSL splitter and look at the documentation, it turns out that the PHONE jack should be where the LINE jack is located.

See for yourself, the screenshots are taken from the documentation for the modems. The only exception is for the ZyXEL ISDN splitter in Figure 9.1.

Fig. 4.1-4.2. ZyXEL splitters connection options. Taken from the documentation unchanged.

Fig. 4.3-4.4. HUAWEI splitter connection options. Taken from the documentation unchanged.

In the last picture, they apparently tried to depict the options for connecting microfilters.

ADSL splitter SIEMENS.

model S50010-D1010-A200-01.
Protection - two thermals (F1 and F2), arrester GD1 and C4.
Telephony Load Capacitance - 70nF
Pass-through resistance - 12 Ohm
Output decoupling for ADSL modem is capacitive.
Filtration is a system of band pass / resonant transformers.
Very high quality RJ11 connectors with shielding protection.
The board is double-sided, fiberglass.

Figure 5.1. SIEMENS ADSL splitter circuit.

F1, F2 - 0.25A GD1 - CG2-350 R8 - 470 Ohm C1, C2 - 0.1uF 400V C4 - 33pF 1.6kV C5-C8, C10 - none C11, C15 - 10nF 630V C12 - 180pF 630V C13, C14 - 2.2nF 400V C16 - 150pF 630V C17-C19 - 6.8nF 400V C20 - 4.7nF 400V C21, C22 - 3.3nF 400V C23 - 22nF 1kV

The schematic of the model S50010-D1010-A200-03 is similar.
The transformers are designed as standard. (as in network cards)
Winding transformers is more complicated. Perhaps there are capacitors inside the assembly.
Loading capacity for telephony - 50nF

Frequency response of SIEMENS splitter.

Figure 5.2. Passing the LINE-POTS signal.

Figure 5.3. LINE-NT signal passing.

Just some kind of HI-END

SIEMENS S50010-D1010-A200-01 and S50010-D1010-A200-03 splitters. The cases are the same, but ... A200-03 has a smaller board (for S50010-D1010-A200-03, you can cut off the excess part of the case yourself).

Fig. 5.4-5.5. Siemens splitters.

ADSL splitter ECI.

The ECI-TELECOM splitter circuit is more compact. There is no decoupling for ADSL. Protection is a single varistor. Loading capacitance for telephony - 200nF Throughput resistance - 12 Ohm Glass-fiber board, two-sided. Very high quality 6 pin RJ11 connectors. (ADSL connector - RJ45) Unused telephony pins in the LINE and PHONE connectors are connected. The splitter can be converted into SIEMENS by adding to the open circuit, between the LINE and MODEM connectors, open-frame SMD capacitors 0.1 - 0.06 μF x 250 - 400 Volts. There is a place on the board.

Fig. 6. ECI-TELECOM splitter.

ADSL splitter ZyXEL AS 6 EE.

Protection - varistor VR1. Load capacitance for telephony - 90nF Throughput resistance - 14 Ohm Output isolation for ADSL modem - no. Filtration is a system of band pass / resonant transformers. The board is one-sided, getinax. The main problem is the loss of contact, poor-quality soldering of connectors and parts.

Figure 7.1 ZyXEL Splitter Diagram (PSTN).

C1 - 56nF 400V C2-C4 - 33nF 400V Frequency response of the ZyXEL splitter (PSTN) (it is clear that it is useless to watch the LINE-ADSL signal flow :)

Figure 7.2. LINE-ADSL signal passing.

Figure 7.3. LINE-PHONE signal flow. (It is interesting to compare with SIEMENS).

Figure 7.4. Splitter from ZyXEL (PSTN).

Figure 7.5. Splitter from D-Link. ... or HUAWEI. I do not remember:).

Figure 7.6. This is also a D-Link ADSL splitter. :).

ADSL MICROFILTER.

Figure 8.1. ADSL MICROFILTER.

The circuit is very similar to the AVU shovel filters and VDU alarm filters. Only the dimensions of the microfilter are five times smaller. frequency response is not a pleasure to shoot. Such a bastard ...

Figure 8.1. The photo shows AVU filter, ZyXEL microfilters, etc.

ADSL ISDN splitter.

The manufacturer is unknown. I will not go too far, I can only say that the diagram is somewhat reminiscent of Fig. 6, only everything is somehow small, toy. Material, details and installation are reminiscent of the aforementioned ZyXEL. Accordingly, the same rake with quality and reliability.

Figure 9.1. ADSL ISDN splitter.

The ADSL and LINE connectors are connected directly, without any isolation, so there is no point in giving the frequency response of the signal flow between these connectors.

Figure 9.2. Signal flow LINE-PHONE ..

As you can see, the attenuation of the signal begins after 100 kHz.

In St. Petersburg, I have not seen a single bugless connection on lines with AVU (so far only test connections).

On all such lines, when ADSL over ISDN equipment is connected, problems begin with the AVU HF channel. Creepy line noise appears when talking on the HF channel. Sometimes the ringing tone also does not go through. Still, ISDN and AVU are slightly different things. ISDN - digital, AVU - it seems, based on amplitude modulation.

Obviously, the noise from the DMT channels of the ADSL spectrum affects the modulation of the HF channel of the AVU. :) If I'm wrong - justify.

There is also a reverse problem. If a subscriber connected via ADSL AnnexA and a subscriber on another pair of AVUs live in the telephone cable at the same time, then most likely, the AVU of the subscriber connected via the HF channel will have noise in the line (audio frequency range.)

The worse the telephone cable, the lower the insulation resistance, the lower the crosstalk between pairs, the higher the likelihood of a problem.

SIEMENS splitters - quality and reliability. Improvement of Dial-UP modems operation when connected via SIEMENS splitter has been noticed. (decrease in retrains, increase in average speed.) There is only one drawback - it is very large size and price. On low-quality telephone lines, with some DSLAMs and ADSL modems, slight RF noise (hiss) in the headband is possible. If the RF noise is very strong, the splitter is connected correctly and replacing the splitter / modem with another model does not help, then the cause of the noise is serious damage to the telephone cable. ECI-Telecom can be used as an alternative to SIEMENS. SIEMEN and ECI-Telecom are not officially sold anywhere. If you find it, then only used ones. Practice shows that their quality does not depend on time. Splitters ZyXEL and D-Link are very compact, they can be conveniently mounted in communication boards, boxes and inside mini-automatic telephone exchanges. This is where their advantages end. I can't say anything good about the rest of the splitters / microfilters. What else: There is also a completely unsystematic problem. Namely, when connected via a splitter mini-automatic telephone exchange SAMSUNG NX-308, LG, etc. After the end of the incoming call, the mini-PBX does not release the line. It is treated by replacing the splitter (not always). The installation after the splitter also helps the Rebound Detector ("bump stop", Busy Tone Detector). http://www.npficon.ru/

When an ordinary telephone was being developed, no one could even think of the idea that telephone wires would someday be used to transmit a digital signal. Therefore, for the functioning of the Internet and the telephone on the same line, a special separation device had to be used.

Why do you need a splitter

If a high-frequency signal (Internet, ADSL) works simultaneously with a low-frequency signal (PSTN), then noise in the form of noise will be constantly heard in the handset (the phone's electronics will “try” to decode the RF signal). On the other hand, the low-frequency component of the signal will "slow down" the transmission of information from the server, because the modem will count low frequency signals as an error that needs to be corrected.

To protect both signals (analog telephone and digital computer) from mutual influence, a filter (or splitter) is used, connected between the telephone cable, modem and telephone set. Externally, a crossover filter is a small plastic box with one input for a telephone cable and a pair of outputs for a device and a modem.

How does the splitter work

The filter divides the frequency band obtained at the input into 2 parts: one for the telephone signal, the other for the ADSL signal. As a result of splitting, the device outputs the corresponding frequency for each output jack. Telephone equipment, which includes devices, faxes, answering machines, etc., receives frequencies in the range up to 3400 Hz, and the modem - all frequencies over 25000 Hz.

If there are several telephones in the room on the same cable, then the splitter is installed at one outlet. In this case, you have to pull a separate wire to the modem from the ADSL output. This is not very convenient, since you will have to relocate (cross) the telephone line so that both the modem and the phones can work at the same time. The problem can be solved by using microfilters. These devices have one output, one input. A similar filter is installed in front of each telephone set. Sometimes, for convenience, manufacturers produce a telephone wire, which already has a built-in micro-filter in the form of a thickening. In some cases, the device is mounted directly in a junction box. The splitter is essentially an "advanced" microfilter. The latter works in exactly the same way as its “colleague”: it divides the frequency range without passing high-frequency signals into the phone; and prevents the penetration of low frequencies into the modem.

The name of the combined electrical filter for frequency division. It is used in telecommunication networks when using a common physical medium (subscriber line) by various means of communication, for example, an analog telephone and an ADSL modem.

ADSL splitter

ADSL splitter separates the frequencies of the voice signal (0.3 - 3.4 kHz) from the frequencies used by the ADSL modem (26 kHz - 1.4 MHz). Thus, the mutual influence of the modem and the telephone set is excluded. Externally, it looks like a small box with three RJ-11 connectors: 1) "Line" (incoming); 2) "Phone" (outgoing); 3) "ADSL" (outgoing). Allows the ADSL modem and telephone / fax machine to work on the same telephone line independently and simultaneously.

In some cases, instead of a splitter, a microfilter can be used, installed on the client's side at the point where an analog phone or fax machine is connected. There are also connection schemes where splitters and microfilters are used to connect terminal devices at the same time.

Links

The prototype of the modern splitter. Germany, 1939-1945.

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Synonyms:

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