The Indian Ocean has the fewest seas compared to other oceans. The largest seas are located in the northern part: the Mediterranean - the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, the semi-enclosed Andaman Sea and the marginal Arabian Sea; in the eastern part - the Arafura and Timor seas.
There are relatively few islands. The largest of them are of continental origin and are located near the coast: Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Socotra. In the open part of the ocean, there are volcanic islands - Mascarene, Crozet, Prince Edward, etc. In tropical latitudes, coral islands rise on volcanic cones - Maldives, Laccadive, Chagos, Cocos, most of the Andaman, etc.
Shores in the N.-W. and the East are indigenous, in the S.-V. and the West are dominated by alluvial. The coastline is slightly indented, with the exception of the northern part of the Indian Ocean. Almost all the seas and large bays (Aden, Oman, Bengal) are located here. In the southern part there are the Gulf of Carpentaria, the Great Australian Gulf and the gulfs of Spencer, St. Vincent, etc.
A narrow (up to 100 km) continental shelf (shelf) stretches along the coast, the outer edge of which has a depth of 50-200 m (only near Antarctica and northwestern Australia up to 300-500 m). The continental slope is a steep (up to 10-30°) ledge, locally dissected by the underwater valleys of the Indus, Ganges, and other rivers. m). The bed of the Indian Ocean is divided by ridges, mountains and ramparts into a number of basins, the most significant of which are the Arabian Basin, the West Australian Basin, and the African-Antarctic Basin. The bottom of these basins is formed by accumulative and hilly plains; the first are located near the continents in areas with an abundant supply of sedimentary material, the second - in the central part of the ocean. Among the numerous ridges of the bed, the straightness and length (about 5,000 km) distinguish the meridional East Indian Ridge, which connects in the south with the latitudinal West Australian Ridge; large meridional ridges stretch to the south from the Hindustan peninsula and about. Madagascar. Volcanoes are widely represented on the ocean floor (Mt. Bardina, Mt. Shcherbakov, Mt. Lena, and others), which in places form large massifs (to the north of Madagascar) and chains (to the east of the Cocos Islands). The mid-ocean ridges are a mountain system consisting of three branches that radiate from the central part of the ocean to the north (Arabian-Indian ridge), southwest. (West Indian and African-Antarctic ridges) and Yu.-V. (Central Indian Ridge and Australo-Antarctic Rise). This system has a width of 400–800 km, a height of 2–3 km, and is most dissected by an axial (rift) zone with deep valleys and rift mountains bordering them; transverse faults are characteristic, along which horizontal displacements of the bottom up to 400 km are noted. The Australo-Antarctic Rise, in contrast to the median ridges, is a gentler swell 1 km high and up to 1500 km wide.
The bottom sediments of the Indian Ocean are thickest (up to 3-4 km) at the foot of the continental slopes; in the middle of the ocean - small (about 100 m) thickness and in places where the dissected relief is distributed - discontinuous distribution. The most widely represented are foraminiferal (on the continental slopes, ridges and at the bottom of most basins at a depth of up to 4700 m), diatoms (south of 50 ° S), radiolarian (near the equator) and coral sediments. Polygenic sediments - red deep-sea clays - are distributed south of the equator at a depth of 4.5-6 km or more. Terrigenous sediments - off the coast of the continents. Chemogenic sediments are mainly represented by iron-manganese nodules, while riftogenic sediments are represented by destruction products of deep rocks. Outcrops of bedrocks are most often found on continental slopes (sedimentary and metamorphic rocks), mountains (basalts) and mid-ocean ridges, where, in addition to basalts, serpentinites and peridotites have been found, representing little-altered matter of the Earth's upper mantle.
The Indian Ocean is characterized by the predominance of stable tectonic structures both on the bed (thalassocratons) and along the periphery (continental platforms); active developing structures - modern geosynclines (Sonda arc) and georiftogenals (mid-ocean ridge) - occupy smaller areas and continue in the corresponding structures of Indochina and rifts of East Africa. These main macrostructures, which differ sharply in morphology, the structure of the earth's crust, seismic activity, and volcanism, are subdivided into smaller structures: plates, usually corresponding to the bottom of oceanic basins, blocky ridges, volcanic ridges, sometimes topped with coral islands and banks (Chagos, Maldives, etc.). .), trench-faults (Chagos, Ob, etc.), often confined to the foot of blocky ridges (East Indian, West Australian, Maldives, etc.), fault zones, tectonic ledges. Among the structures of the Indian Ocean bed, a special place (in terms of the presence of continental rocks - granites of the Seychelles and the continental type of the earth's crust) is occupied by the northern part of the Mascarene Range - a structure that is apparently part of the ancient Gondwana mainland.
Minerals: on the shelves - oil and gas (especially the Persian Gulf), monazite sands (the coastal region of Southwestern India), etc.; in rift zones - ores of chromium, iron, manganese, copper, etc.; on the bed - huge accumulations of iron-manganese nodules.
The climate of the northern part of the Indian Ocean is monsoonal; in summer, when an area of low pressure develops over Asia, southwestern flows of equatorial air dominate here, in winter - northeastern flows of tropical air. South of 8-10 ° S sh. atmospheric circulation is much more constant; here, in tropical (summer and subtropical) latitudes, stable southeasterly trade winds dominate, and in temperate latitudes, extratropical cyclones moving from West to East. In tropical latitudes in the western part, hurricanes occur in summer and autumn. The average air temperature in the northern part of the ocean in summer is 25-27 °C, off the coast of Africa - up to 23 °C. In the southern part, it decreases in summer to 20-25 ° C at 30 ° S. sh., up to 5-6 ° С at 50 ° S. sh. and below 0 ° С south of 60 ° S. sh. In winter, the air temperature varies from 27.5 °C near the equator to 20 °C in the northern part, to 15 °C at 30 ° S. sh., up to 0-5 ° С at 50 ° S. sh. and below 0 ° С south of 55-60 ° S. sh. At the same time, in the southern subtropical latitudes, the temperature in the West all year round under the influence of the warm Madagascar current is 3-6 °C higher than in the East, where the cold West Australian current exists. Cloudiness in the monsoon northern part of the Indian Ocean in winter is 10-30%, in summer up to 60-70%. In summer, there is also the greatest amount of precipitation. The average annual precipitation in the east of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is more than 3000 mm, near the equator 2000-3000 mm, in the west of the Arabian Sea up to 100 mm. In the southern part of the ocean, the average annual cloudiness is 40-50%, south of 40 ° S. sh. - up to 80%. The average annual precipitation in the subtropics is 500 mm to the east and 1,000 mm to the west; in temperate latitudes, more than 1,000 mm; near Antarctica, it drops to 250 mm.
The circulation of surface waters in the northern part of the Indian Ocean has a monsoonal character: in summer - the northeast and east currents, in winter - the southwest and west currents. During the winter months between 3° and 8° S. sh. an inter-trade (equatorial) countercurrent develops. In the southern part of the Indian Ocean, water circulation forms an anticyclonic circulation, which is formed from warm currents - the South Trade Winds in the north, Madagascar and Needles in the West, and cold currents - the Western Winds in the South and the West Australian in the East South of 55 ° S. sh. several weak cyclonic water cycles develop, closing off the coast of Antarctica with an easterly current.
The heat balance is dominated by a positive component: between 10° and 20° N. sh. 3.7-6.5 GJ/(m2×year); between 0° and 10°S sh. 1.0-1.8 GJ/(m2×year); between 30° and 40°S sh. - 0.67-0.38 GJ/(m2×year) [from - 16 to 9 kcal/(cm2×year)]; between 40° and 50°S sh. 2.34-3.3 GJ/(m2×year); south of 50°S sh. -1.0 to -3.6 GJ/(m2×yr) [-24 to -86 kcal/(cm2×yr)]. In the expenditure part of the heat balance north of 50 ° S. sh. the main role belongs to the cost of heat for evaporation, and south of 50 ° S. sh. - heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere.
The surface water temperature reaches its maximum (over 29 °C) in May in the northern part of the ocean. In the summer of the Northern Hemisphere, it is 27-28 ° C here and only off the coast of Africa decreases to 22-23 ° C under the influence of cold waters coming to the surface from the depths. At the equator, the temperature is 26-28 ° C and decreases to 16-20 ° C at 30 ° S. sh., up to 3-5 ° С at 50 ° S. sh. and below -1 ° С south of 55 ° S. sh. In the winter of the Northern Hemisphere, the temperature in the north is 23–25°C, at the equator 28°C, and at 30°S. sh. 21-25 ° С, at 50 ° S sh. from 5 to 9 ° С, south of 60 ° S sh. temperatures are negative. In subtropical latitudes all year round in the West, the water temperature is 3-5 °C higher than in the East.
The salinity of water depends on the water balance, which is formed on average for the surface of the Indian Ocean from evaporation (-1380 mm/year), precipitation (1000 mm/year) and continental runoff (70 cm/year). The main flow of fresh water comes from the rivers of South Asia (Ganges, Brahmaputra, etc.) and Africa (Zambezi, Limpopo). The highest salinity is observed in the Persian Gulf (37-39‰), in the Red Sea (41‰) and in the Arabian Sea (more than 36.5‰). In the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, it decreases to 32.0-33.0‰, in the southern tropics - to 34.0-34.5‰. In the southern subtropical latitudes, salinity exceeds 35.5‰ (maximum 36.5‰ in summer, 36.0‰ in winter), and south of 40°S. sh. drops to 33.0-34.3‰. The highest water density (1027) is observed in the Antarctic latitudes, the lowest (1018, 1022) - in the northeastern part of the ocean and in the Bay of Bengal. In the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, the density of water is 1024-1024.5. The oxygen content in the surface water layer increases from 4.5 ml/l in the northern part of the Indian Ocean to 7-8 ml/l south of 50°S. sh. At depths of 200-400 m, the oxygen content is much lower in absolute value and varies from 0.21-0.76 in the north to 2-4 ml / l in the south, at greater depths it gradually increases again and in the bottom layer is 4.03 -4.68 ml/l. The color of the water is predominantly blue, in the Antarctic latitudes it is blue, in some places with greenish hues.
The tides in the Indian Ocean, as a rule, are small (off the coast of the open ocean and on the islands from 0.5 to 1.6 m), only at the tops of some bays they reach 5-7 m; in the Gulf of Cambay 11.9 m. The tides are predominantly semi-diurnal.
Ice forms at high latitudes and is carried by winds and currents along with icebergs in a northerly direction (up to 55°S in August and up to 65-68°S in February).
The deep circulation and vertical structure of the Indian Ocean is shaped by waters sinking into the subtropical (subsurface waters) and Antarctic (intermediate waters) convergence zones and along the continental slope of Antarctica (bottom waters), as well as from the Red Sea and the Atlantic Ocean (deep waters). Subsurface waters have a temperature of 10-18°C at a depth of 100-150 m to 400-500 m, salinity of 35.0-35.7‰, intermediate waters occupy a depth of 400-500 m to 1000-1500 m, have a temperature of 4 to 10°C, salinity 34.2-34.6‰; deep waters at a depth of 1000-1500 m to 3500 m have a temperature of 1.6 to 2.8 ° C, salinity of 34.68-34.78‰; bottom waters below 3500 m in the south have a temperature of -0.07 to -0.24 ° C, salinity 34.67-34.69 ‰, in the north - about 0.5 ° C and 34.69-34.77 ‰ respectively.
Flora and fauna
The entire water area of the Indian Ocean lies within the tropical and southern temperate zones. The shallow waters of the tropical zone are characterized by numerous 6- and 8-ray corals, hydrocorals, capable of creating islands and atolls together with calcareous red algae. The richest fauna of various invertebrates (sponges, worms, crabs, molluscs, sea urchins, brittle stars and starfish), small but brightly colored coral fish live among the powerful coral structures. Most of the coasts are occupied by mangroves, in which the mud jumper stands out - a fish that can exist in the air for a long time. The fauna and flora of the beaches and rocks that dry out at low tide are quantitatively depleted as a result of the depressing effect of the sun's rays. In the temperate zone, life on such stretches of coasts is much richer; dense thickets of red and brown algae (kelp, fucus, reaching the enormous size of macrocystis) develop here, various invertebrates are abundant. For the open spaces of the Indian Ocean, especially for the surface layer of the water column (up to 100 m), rich flora is also characteristic. Of the unicellular planktonic algae, several species of peredinium and diatom algae predominate, and in the Arabian Sea - blue-green algae, which often cause the so-called water bloom during mass development.
Copepods (more than 100 species) make up the bulk of the ocean's animals, followed by pteropods, jellyfish, siphonophores, and other invertebrates. Of the unicellular, radiolarians are characteristic; numerous squids. Of the fish, the most abundant are several species of flying fish, luminous anchovies - myctophids, dolphins, large and small tuna, sailfish and various sharks, poisonous sea snakes. Sea turtles and large marine mammals (dugongs, toothed and toothless whales, pinnipeds) are common. Among the birds, the most characteristic are albatrosses and frigates, as well as several species of penguins that inhabit the coasts of South Africa, Antarctica and the islands that lie in the temperate zone of the ocean.
The Indian Ocean is an integral part of the world's oceans. Its maximum depth is 7729 m (Zonda Trench), and the average depth is just over 3700 m, which is the second result after the depths of the Pacific Ocean. The size of the Indian Ocean is 76.174 million km2. This is 20% of the world's oceans. The volume of water is about 290 million km3 (together with all the seas).
The waters of the Indian Ocean are distinguished by their light blue color and good transparency. This is due to the fact that very few freshwater rivers flow into it, which are the main "troublemakers". By the way, due to this, the water in the Indian Ocean is much saltier compared to the salinity of other oceans.
Location of the Indian Ocean
Most of the Indian Ocean is in the Southern Hemisphere. It borders Asia to the north, Antarctica to the south, Australia to the east, and the African continent to the west. In addition, in the southeast, its waters connect with the waters of the Pacific Ocean, and in the southwest with the Atlantic Ocean.
Seas and gulfs of the Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean does not have as many seas as other oceans. For example, in comparison with the Atlantic Ocean, they are 3 times less. Most of the seas are located in its northern part. In the tropical zone are: Red (the most salty sea on Earth), Laccadive, Arabian, Arafura, Timor and Andaman seas. The Antarctic zone hosts the d'Urville, Commonwealth, Davis, Riiser-Larsen, Cosmonauts seas.
The largest bays of the Indian Ocean are the Persian, Bengal, Oman, Aden, Prydz and the Great Australian.
Indian Ocean islands
The Indian Ocean is not distinguished by an abundance of islands. The largest islands of continental origin are Madagascar, Sumatra, Sri Lanka, Java, Tasmania, Timor. Also, there are volcanic islands, such as Mauritius, Renyon, Kerguelen, and coral - Chagos, Maldives, Andaman, etc.
Underwater world of the Indian Ocean
Since more than half of the Indian Ocean is located in the tropical and subtropical zones, its underwater world is very rich and diverse in terms of species. The coastal zone in the tropics is replete with numerous colonies of crabs and unique fish - mudskippers. Corals live in shallow waters, and various algae grow in temperate waters - calcareous, brown, red.
The Indian Ocean is home to dozens of species of crustaceans, molluscs and jellyfish. A fairly large number of sea snakes also live in the ocean waters, among which there are also poisonous species.
Sharks are a special pride of the Indian Ocean. Its waters are plowed by many species of these predators, namely tiger, mako, gray, blue, great white sharks, etc.
Mammals are represented by killer whales and dolphins. Several species of pinnipeds (seals, dugongs, seals) and whales live in the southern part of the ocean.
Despite all the richness of the underwater world, seafood fishing in the Indian Ocean is rather poorly developed - only 5% of the world's catch. Sardines, tuna, shrimp, lobsters, rays and lobsters are harvested in the ocean.
1. The ancient name of the Indian Ocean is Eastern.
2. In the Indian Ocean, ships are regularly found in good condition, but without a crew. Where he disappears is a mystery. Over the past 100 years, there have been 3 such ships - Tarbon, Houston Market (tankers) and the Cabin Cruiser.
3. Many species of the underwater world of the Indian Ocean have a unique property - they can glow. This is what explains the appearance of luminous circles in the ocean.
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First of all - about the fish. There are many of them here. The open ocean has the most flying fish, tuna, dolphins, sailfish and glowing anchovies. And remember, we talked about creatures dangerous to humans: about a poisonous jellyfish and an octopus? So, these "treasures" - inhabitants of the Indian Ocean. And it also has a lot of poisonous sea snakes and a variety of sharks (also, by the way, not a great gift for lovers of swimming in warm water).
There are also marine mammals in the ocean: primarily whales and dolphins. Fur seals live on rocky islands, where it is not so hot, and in shallow water - huge, clumsy and very peaceful dugongs.
The real owners of the airspace over the ocean, in addition to numerous gulls, are giant albatrosses. Just imagine - the wingspan of an adult albatross can reach three meters ...
Lots of corals*. Where marine polyps have lived for thousands of years, coral reefs have formed over time. At low water, they appear on the surface. Because of their abundance, even one of the seas was named Coral. It is in it that the largest accumulation of corals in the world is located - the Great Barrier Reef, off the eastern coast of Australia, which stretches for 1260 miles.
Near corals, underwater life is usually in full swing. Thousands of bright tropical fish scurry about. Predators hide in crevices among stones and corals.
There are many islands in the Indian Ocean and it is rather difficult to list them all. The largest among them. There are archipelagos, for example: Andaman Islands, Sunda, Nicobar and others. There is a group of islands of three reefs - Rauli Reefs, named after the captain who was the first European to discover one of them. There are also many isolated islands.
Most of the islands of the Indian Ocean lie in fertile subtropical and tropical zones - white sandy beaches, lush tropical vegetation and majestic mountains. Small islands, as a rule, are of volcanic origin and are of extremely interesting flora and fauna. animal world, both on the islands themselves and under the azure waves of quiet lagoons ...
But not everything is so simple and peaceful in this earthly paradise. Residents of Reunion Island, part of the Mascarene Islands, have long remembered the 1986 eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano. Hot lava flows burned down some of the houses in the village, located on the slopes of the volcano. A relatively short time passed, and in the spring of 2007 the volcano woke up again. Scientists from the volcanological station located on the island say they have never seen such a strong eruption. Sometimes the volcano threw out stones and red-hot magma to a height of two hundred meters ... Streams of molten lava flowed along the slopes at a speed of about sixty kilometers per hour and fell into the sea with thunderous explosions, whistling and hissing. The fiery river cut the main highway of the island. Burning palm and vanilla plantations. Forest fires have started. The inhabitants of the nearby village were evacuated… Experts call the actions of the awakened volcano “the eruption of the century”.
In the most “wild” corners of the Earth, to this day, there are a few peoples who, by their own decision, desire, or by some coincidence, live without contact with the outside world and modern civilization. They are called so - "non-contact peoples." Attempts to get acquainted with them are fraught with many dangers both for guests and for the hosts themselves. Aboriginal people may suffer from imported diseases to which they have no immunity, and guests who are not familiar with the customs of non-contact peoples may be exposed to danger due to their own negligence.
There are islands in the Indian Ocean, the natives of which categorically refuse contact with modern civilization. Such, for example, are the Sentinelese from the Andaman Islands and a number of tribes in New Guinea.
To complete this topic, let us recall that similar native tribes have survived in South America, in the Amazon basin, small tribes and nationalities in the Nahua-Kugapakori reserve in Peru. There are probably other places as well. It’s just that no matter how much we talk about “flying to the moon” and “space stations circled all the planets of the solar system”, it would be wrong to say that we have studied our Earth up and down.
Komodo is a small island in Indonesia. Its area is only three hundred and ninety square kilometers. Its population at best is two thousand people. Interestingly, most of the native inhabitants are the descendants of former exiles sent by the colonial authorities to the island. Once settled, they mingled with native tribes from neighboring islands. This small island is famous for being part of Komodo with its huge Komodo monitor lizards - land crocodiles, as they are sometimes called. In addition, the underwater world of Komodo is extremely interesting - its clear waters attract scuba divers from all over the world.
A lot can be said and told about the Greater and Lesser Sunda Islands, about the Cocos Islands and the island of St. Mauritius, about the Nicobar Islands and about two very small coastal islands called Pi-Pi. And what is the underwater world on the reefs of the Indian Ocean! But let's leave these miracles to tourist prospectuses and move on to a curious story. the largest island in the Indian Ocean - Madagascar.
Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean on our planet. Occupying a fifth of the Earth's surface, the Indian Ocean is not the largest ocean, but it has rich flora and fauna, as well as a host of other advantages.
Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean occupies 20% of the world. This ocean is characterized by a rich and varied natural life. 
shows vast territories and a large number of interesting islands for researchers and tourists. If you still don't know where Indian Ocean, map will prompt you.
Map of the currents of the Indian Ocean
Underwater world of the Indian Ocean
Rich and varied underwater world of the indian ocean. In it you can meet both very small aquatic inhabitants, and large and dangerous representatives of the aquatic world.
Since ancient times, man has been trying to subjugate the ocean and its inhabitants. Throughout the ages, the inhabitants of the underwater world of the Indian Ocean have been hunted.
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There are even those that can cause trouble to a person. For example, these are anemones that live in almost all the seas and oceans of our planet. Sea anemones can be found not only in the depths, but also in the shallow waters of the Indian Ocean. They almost always feel hungry, so they sit lurking with widely spaced tentacles. Predatory representatives of this species are poisonous. Their shot can hit small organisms, as well as cause burns to people. Sea urchins, seals, the most exotic species of fish live in the waters of the Indian Ocean. The flora is diverse, which makes diving truly exciting.
Fish in the Indian Ocean
Arapaima is a representative of tropical freshwater fish that boasts interesting features. This fish, which has a very archaic morphology, scientists called a living fossil. In addition to the huge, for its kind, size, the arapaima has large scales that cover its entire body. Her head is also dressed in strong bone plates. At first glance, it seems that such a fish is protected by some kind of armor. And this is not so far from the truth - the embossed arapaya scales are incredibly strong (for comparison, if we compare the elasticity modulus of such scales and ordinary bones, then these scales will exceed the strength of bones ten times). It is thanks to such protection that arapaima can safely live even among piranhas. These fish prefer a rather warm climate, and therefore you can meet them by visiting South America, the Amazon basin, or in the vastness of Brazil, Peru and Guyana. At the same time, arapaims are predators, and mainly other, smaller fish or even birds serve as food for them.
One of its species is Californian. They are rather little studied, but interest in these fish is growing very quickly. Californian sharks live mainly in the subtropical part of the waters of the Pacific Ocean. The size of one shark can reach one hundred centimeters. These creatures are nocturnal, preferring to feed and breed at a later time. Such sharks are able to pump water into their stomach, and thereby swell up, similarly to other sharks from the genus of bigheads. They prefer to eat crustaceans and just small fish. The Californian look is good because it is absolutely safe for people. If there is a collision with a person under water, then this fish will remain motionless until the last moment, however, if someone disturbs it or scares it, it will swell up, doubling its size. And so, the All-People's Union for the Conservation of Nature has assigned such bloated sharks the status of "least concern".
A very popular and famous fish. This form of discus appeared in the early nineties of the last century, that is, relatively recently. Its ancestors are discus blue and brown natural forms. In Thailand, one of the breeders noticed among his pets a fish with a small pattern similar to snake skin. The first fish of this form had fourteen vertical stripes, although ordinary discus have only nine, but now they have become much thinner. Later, through the efforts of breeders, they brought out another form of these fish, the stripes of which were so thin that they resembled a cobweb. In the future, representatives of this form became the basis for the emergence of many new beautiful and unusual forms of fish. This is how the Leopard Snake Skin, Oriental Dream, was born; they delight aquarists with their appearance - bright red dots and a delicate cobweb pattern. Discus Snakeskin are capricious and fastidious, they require a caring attitude from their owners. They prefer to live in small flocks (5-6 individuals) and are prone to various diseases.
Tangerines live in coral reefs in the Western Pacific. These colorful representatives of the perch-like order got their name for their bright juicy color, reminiscent of the mantle of imperial Chinese tangerines. These small six-centimeter beauties have a slightly elongated body, slightly flattened on the sides. Their head is rounded with large movable eyes. The skin is smooth, without scales. The tail has a long plumage. The whole fish is painted in a pretty red-brown color with bright blue psychedelic patterns. "Plumage" of the tail, fins on the plaque and on the chest with a bluish edging. Tangerine is a bottom fish, it is quite friendly. Looking at her, you admire her amazing beauty. That is why the Mandarin is very popular as an aquarium fish. But, it is worth noting that only experienced amateur aquarists can afford to have this beauty because of the rather complex content.
The emperor angelfish deservedly belongs to one of the most beautiful coral fish on the planet. These underwater inhabitants swim in tropical and subtropical seas near the coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. It is noteworthy that the imperial angels change their color. The fry are born black with white and turquoise curved lines and a black spotted tail with a bright blue edging. In adults, the body is slightly flattened on the sides and increases in height. Their color becomes bright purple with thin horizontal stripes of yellow and orange. The head becomes emerald above and brown below with age, with a remarkable bright mask around the eyes. These are stunningly beautiful creations! They are active by day and like to live alone. During the mating season, they pair up. Researchers believe that a couple is created for life, and if one "half" dies, then the second one soon dies.
An amazing creation of the tropical seas is the surgeon fish. Its characteristic feature is a colorful color - from pale blue to juicy yellow, as well as a mixture of blue-black colors with yellow fins. These half-meter tropical beauties attract divers with their amazing colors, however, it is better to stay away from them. The fact is that in their crescent-shaped rear fin there are two sharp bone plates that the fish use like a knife blade for self-defense. Such a dangerous weapon, sharp as a razor, can lead to a rupture of a tendon or artery, and, as a result, profuse bleeding. Basically, "scalpels" are peacefully pressed to the fin. But when a threat occurs, the surgeon fish plows them open and can inflict quite severe cuts with them. So with these fish you need to keep your distance. Blood loss can be fatal, but much worse if the wounds are baited by a deadly reef shark.
This cute fish has a beak-like front of its head. That is why she has such a bird name. In addition, its colorful appearance determined a specific bird for naming - a parrot. The fish uses its "beak" to eat small invertebrates found in corals. After that, the remains of food spits out. These rainbow fish are very colorful. They are painted in a mixture of gold, blue, green, blue, purple and pink tones and decorated with bright yellow spots. 2. Fish - lion
This predatory beauty is also called zebra fish, striped lionfish. It lives in the Indian and Pacific oceans, the Red Sea, can be found in the waters of the Caribbean. This is a fairly large fish, its dimensions can reach forty centimeters (and in captivity it grows up to 13 cm), weight - up to one kilogram. The lion fish attracts everyone's attention, of course, with its color, the color of its stripes can be red, black, light brown. This "lion" has a large head, it has spikes, and there are tentacles near the mouth. When he is in danger or during the hunt, the lion fish opens its rays-outgrowths and becomes very formidable. For marine inhabitants, this immediately becomes a signal of danger, but a person is always attracted by everything bright, colorful and unusual, and this can have sad consequences. Indeed, the needles of this fish contain poison that is dangerous to humans. But this handsome man will never attack first, only if in response to the provocation of a person. If you keep him at home, then his neighbors in the aquarium should be large fish, since he will simply eat small ones, and the "lion" swallows his victims whole. He lives near corals, in lagoons and bays, and in the aquarium he needs to create secluded places so that he can hide.
Fish Cardinal Bangai, named after its habitat - the island of Bangai in Indonesia, is quite rare, as it is on the verge of extinction. In length, Bangai grow mainly up to five to six centimeters in length, up to a maximum of eight. These fish are extremely beautiful. They are recognizable due to the forked caudal fin, very long rays of the dorsal fin, decorated with black and white spots. Also, three black stripes vertically cross the entire body and head. These marine inhabitants are extremely hardy. In addition, Bangai Cardinals are not problematic to breed in their natural environment.
