Disperse paint for walls. Application of water-dispersion acrylic paint

Various techniques decorative application colors - a great variety. They help to create an individual interior design and significantly expand the possibilities of wall decoration. However, one fantasy of the master is indispensable here - it is necessary to master the decoration techniques and be able to choose the right tools correctly.

When starting finishing work, it becomes necessary to choose paints that will meet the designer's intention, as well as be environmentally friendly and durable. Today, the most popular in the interior segment are VDK - water-dispersion paints. Such materials are not classified as decorative coatings, but using special techniques, even these paints can be used to obtain excellent color effects on the wall.

Acrylic dispersions... In the VDK family, acrylic aqueous dispersions are perhaps the most common. They are made on the basis of acrylic resins or acrylic polymers, which are not the same (the latter is cheaper). Acrylic water-dispersion paints are versatile. They can be used for interior decoration, but they are also suitable for the facade, because are resistant to moisture, temperature extremes and ultraviolet light. Acrylic paints on water based dry quickly. So, at 50% humidity and room temperature, the time for complete drying of one layer is no more than 30 minutes.

Latex dispersions... These materials have excellent wet cleaning resistance. They are often used for painting walls and ceilings in wet rooms, which allows them to be kept clean in accordance with high sanitary and hygienic requirements. Latex painted surfaces can be cleaned with disinfectants.

It is very convenient to work with latex VDK. They have good hiding power and spread easily over the surface. After drying, latex paints, depending on their qualities, form a glossy, semi-gloss or matte surface. Thanks to latex, the durability of such paints is quite high. Latex painted surfaces can withstand up to 5,000 wet scrubbing with a brush.

PVA dispersions... This group of paints cannot boast of water resistance and is intended for use only in dry rooms. These paints are cheaper than other types of VDK, but their abrasion resistance is also low. It makes sense to use them on surfaces that are not subject to mechanical stress, for example, on the ceiling. The disadvantage of PVA dispersions is their tendency to yellowing. In particular, this applies to inexpensive domestic paints of the "standard" and "economy" categories. PVA dispersions with improved properties will cost a little more. They can be used to paint almost any surface: plaster, brick, concrete, drywall, wood and wood-like materials.

Advantages of water-based paints:

high environmental friendliness of materials, due to the absence of organic solvents in their composition;
painted surfaces are moisture resistant. They can be washed detergents with a brush;
water-based paints have high vapor permeability and are an unfavorable environment for mold formation;
paints based on acrylic resins are highly resistant to adverse weather conditions;
acrylic VDK protects surfaces well from the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation;
odorless, easy to use, dry quickly at room temperature; brushes and rollers can be easily washed with water;
base colors of VDK can be tinted with water pigments, thus obtaining practically any complex shades;
depending on the amount of thickeners in the composition of aqueous dispersions, the latter can be applied with a spray gun, brush or roller;
VDK do not burn and do not pose a danger in the event of a fire;
the durability of water-dispersion paints on the facade is about 10-15 years, versus 2-3 years of service for oil paints.

Composition of water-dispersion paints... Acrylate or PVA, as well as their copolymers, most often serve as a binder in VDK. The white pigment forms titanium dioxide. Chalk, talc, dolomite, kaolin, marble powder are used as a filler. VDK contain up to 40% water and up to 2% of various additives.

Poor quality ingredients cannot make good paint. One of the signs of a high-quality paint is the fine (up to 100 microns) grind of fillers. The thinner the filler fraction, the thinner the paint will form. The highest quality materials are used for painting textured wallpapers. Thanks to the fine fraction of fillers, the relief pattern remains as clear as possible.

Inexpensive aqueous dispersions contain more fillers and less binder. Their filler fraction is larger, as a result of which the painted surface is coarser. It washes worse and is subject to faster abrasion. When choosing one or another water-based paint, you need to pay attention to the recommended scope of its application, density and consumption, environmental labeling and the integrity of the package. Most paints are suitable for both ceilings and walls. But there are also special ceiling paints. They perform better on the ceiling than universal formulations, and they can cost less. But it should be noted that good paints cannot be cheap. All the mentioned advantages apply only to paints of the middle and high price range.

Substrate preparation before painting

As with any wet finishing works, the surfaces to be painted must be free of any loose elements and particles. It should be remembered that the quality of painting directly depends on the correct preparation of the base. Walls or ceilings previously painted with oil paints should not be painted with water dispersions. Old paint will have to be removed before plastering, even if it adheres very well and does not remain on the scotch tape during the strength test (a tape of scotch tape glued and torn off with a sharp movement shows the strength of the base).

Unevennesses and flaws in the base must be leveled with a fine-grained filler. After drying, it is sanded with fine sandpaper No. 150-180 and the surface is dedusted. The first layer is a primer, which will ensure good adhesion of the paint. The paint itself, diluted with water by 10%, can also act as a primer, but only if it is recommended by the manufacturer.

Painting tool

Aqueous dispersions are best applied with a roller. So the paint lays down more evenly, and its consumption is optimal. The brush does not give such good results, especially on large areas. The amount of paint should be drawn onto the roller, which would not lead to drips and splashing. However, roller passes can be noticeable, so surfaces are usually covered with paint first vertically and then horizontally. It is not recommended to apply a lot of pressure on the roller, because at a certain moment, it will begin to slide and stop rotating.

To obtain decorative textures, water dispersions are applied not with ordinary rollers, but with special ones. Instead of a simple foam or fur roller, nozzles made of crinkled fabric, textured foam rubber, draped polyethylene, plastic mesh and other materials are used.

However, painting with a roller is not complete without the help of a brush, with which corners and other hard-to-reach places are painted over.

To create various abstract color effects on the surface of a wall or ceiling using water-based paints, you may need the most unexpected tools. Most of them are unnamed and are improvised by designers. For example, using crumpled newspaper, you can apply a mottled texture in a contrasting color to a painted wall. A brush, rag, comb, fork and many other things that initially have a completely different purpose can be used.

In one case or another, decorative design usually requires the use of at least two colors. They can be contrasting, but they can also be a shade of the same color.

Mixing colors and color wheel

Without being a professional artist, it is quite difficult to predict the results of paint mixing. However, the need for tinting during interior work arises very often. Whole shelves of books have been written on the topic of color, but today there is an opportunity not to bother studying them. You can find the formula for a particular color shade using a very simple cardboard device called the "color wheel". Following his instructions, you can accurately select harmonious colors for your interior. Moreover, it can be not only two colors, but three or even four. True, it is very important to maintain the correct proportions of colors, especially if they are contrasting and, when physically mixed, give dirty shades. For example, purple mixed with yellow will give a brown color. But if you use these colors in a contrasting ratio of 4: 1, respectively, it will turn out to be very nice. Learn more about the capabilities of the color wheel in this video. The principles of color combinations in the visual arts work in a similar way in interior coloristics.

Kulikova N.G., Technical specialist for water systems

company "Attika", Saint-Petersburg

Water-dispersive paints and varnishes (LKM) are used in the manufacture of paints, primers, fillers and non-pigmented materials. They are classified according to the chemical nature of the film-forming substance, which is the main component of the formulation. Water-based paints and varnishes, as a rule, are made on acrylic, styrene-acrylic, polyurethane dispersions, water-borne alkyds, etc.

Aqueous dispersions of polymers are understood to mean dispersions in which water is an essential component of the dispersion medium. The use of water-borne dispersions as film-forming systems largely solves the problems the environment.

The classic areas of application of water-dispersion (WD) paintwork materials are construction and household repairs, but thanks to new technologies for the production of dispersions, they can be used in the industrial direction for painting wood, metal, plastic, glass, mineral bases, etc. The formation of coatings based on HP paintwork materials occurs by water evaporation. The polymer particles are first compacted to form a packing of spheres (Fig. 1), then the round polymer particles are deformed under the influence of the capillary pressure of the liquid to rhombic dodecahedrons, which, as a result of the diffusion of film-forming molecules, gradually lose the interface (coalesce).

Rice. 1 The process of film formation of aqueous dispersions

The range of dispersions currently produced by Synthopol is very wide, let's consider some of them.

1. Acrylic dispersions- one of the varieties of polymers obtained bylymerization of acrylic acid and its esters in the presence of emulsifiers and stabilizers. The main properties of dispersions (glass transition temperature, minimum film formation temperature - MTP) and the physicomechanical properties of coatings based on them depend on the structure of the main and side chains of the polymer macromolecule.

Paints and varnishes based on acrylic dispersions retain color and withstand intense UV radiation, have high elasticity and water-repellent properties, which makes it possible to successfully use such paints for mineral and woodsurfaces both outside and inside the premises.

Table 1. Main characteristics of acrylic dispersions

Dispersion name	View
Liocryl AM 916	Water-based, pure acrylic dispersion	34 ± 1	65 - 70
Liocryl XAM 3972	Water-based, self-crosslinking pure acrylic dispersion	45.0 ± 1
Liocryl AM 907	Water-based, self-crosslinking pure acrylic emulsion	42.5 ± 1
Liocryl AM 912	Water-based, pure acrylic emulsion	50.0 ± 1

Coalescing additives are used to lower the MTP of aqueous dispersions. These include low-volatile organic liquids that are limitedly soluble in water and polymer, providing temporary plasticization of the polymer during the period of film formation and evaporating from the film mainly during its formation. These substances include glycol ethers, which can be combined with polymers.

2. Polyurethane dispersions is a class of synthetic polymers obtained by the interaction of polyisocyanates with compounds containing hydroxyl groups. By choosing the components (isocyanates and hydroxyl-containing compounds), their properties can be varied over a wide range. The main properties of polyurethane dispersions are good mechanical strength and, at the same time, elasticity. The advantage of polyurethane dispersions can also be considered that they combine such qualities as chemical resistance and resistance to mechanical stress. In this regard, they have found wide application, especially in water-based varnishes for parquet and furniture (Table 2).

Table 2. Main characteristics of polyurethane dispersions

Dispersion name	View	Mass fraction of non-volatile substances,%	Minimum film formation temperature, ºС
Liopur PFL 1130	Water dispersion of aliphatic polyurethane	30 ± 1
Liopur PFL 1855	Water dispersion of polyurethane based on emulsified polycarbonate	34 ± 1
Liopur PFL 1953	Water dispersion of aliphatic polyurethane based on emulsified polyester	41 ± 2
Liopur PFL 3198	Water-based acrylic-modified polyurethane dispersion	48 ± 2	< 20

The acrylic polyurethane dispersion is a single PU acrylic polymer chain. Combined dispersion systems created by simple mixing have limited capabilities (with simple mixing, there is no bond at the molecular level, there is no interaction between polymer chains). While specially synthesized hybrid systems such as Liopur PFL 3198 have higher quality properties.

3. Water-borne alkyds. Alkyds are polyesters that have a branched structure. They are the products of the interaction of fatty acids with alcohols. Alkyd resins are subdivided into water-borne and solvent-borne ones.

Table 3. Main characteristics of water-borne alkyds

Dispersion name	View alkyd	Mass fraction of non-volatile substances,%	Brookfield viscosity,mPas
Synthalat DRS 05-117	Cold Dry Skinny Alkyd Resin	75 ± 2	70 - 130
Synthalat W 30	Skinny alkyd resin	75 ± 1	90 - 140
Synthalat W 48	Skinny alkyd resin	37 ± 1	2000 - 12000
Synthalat PWL 819	Urethane-modified alkyd resin	55 ± 1	20 - 500

In the proposed publication, a wood impregnation based on Synthalat PWL 819 urethane-modified alkyd resin is considered (see Table 4).

Table 4. Characteristics of impregnation on wood based

urethane-modified alkyd resin SynthalatPWL 819

Name indicator	Meaning	Method trials
1 Appearance impregnation	Homogeneous, milky liquid	Internal method
2 Indicator of activity of hydrogen ions, pH units		GOST R 52020
3 Density, g / cm 3	1,004	GOST R 53654.1
4 Mass fraction of non-volatile substances,%	26,1	GOST 31939
5 Drying time to degree 3, min		GOST 19007
6. Depth of penetration, mm		Internal method
7. Water permeability of the film on wood, min	> 14	Internal method

For wood impregnation, one of the main indicators is the penetration depth and permeability of the impregnation, which are responsible for the quality indicators of the finished product.

The penetration depth (Fig. 2) is the distance measured in millimeters from the outer surface of the wood to the penetration limit of the impregnation. When impregnating wood, the penetration depth is determined by measuring the painted area of the wood (the impregnation was tinted for a more accurate assessment of the test).

Rice. 2 Penetration depth of impregnation based on Synthalat PWL 819

The permeability of the film is determined to show the effectiveness and performance of the impregnation. The impregnation, seeping deep into the wood, not only penetrates, but clogs the pores, making them waterproof and increasing the water resistance of the finish layer.

Water permeability of the film on wood

*Control wood sample (unpainted)*
Test start	After 3 minutes of testing	After 14 minutes of testing

*Impregnation on Synthalat* *PWL 819*
Test start	After 7 minutes of testing	After 14 minutes of testing

Currently, water-borne paintwork materials are widely used. Compared to solvent-based paint and varnish materials, they have a number of advantages, since they are environmentally friendly for humans and the environment. The Attika company is the exclusive distributor of raw materials for paints and varnishes of the manufacturer SYNTHOPOL CHEMIE in the domestic market. The company offers high-quality water-borne dispersions of a European (Germany) manufacturer, providing technical support for sales and an individual approach to each client.

Bibliography:

1. Sorokin M.F. Chemistry and technology of film-forming substances. - M .: Chemistry, 1989.

2. Mueller B., Pot U. Paints and coatings. Formulation principles. - M .: Paint-Media, 2007.

3. Melnikov I. Paints and varnishes. Types of paints and varnishes. - liters, 2011.

4. Kazakova EE, Skorokhodova ON. Water-dispersive acrylic paints and varnishes for construction purposes. - M .: Paint-Media, 2003.

A purely theoretical question, what is dispersion paint, can be useful from the most practical point of view. At least for the reason that, knowing the basis and principles of its preparation, you can easily figure out how to dilute the thickened composition, which remained, for example, from the last repair, or to wash dried brushes after work. And paints, with a certain freedom of choice and a bright variety of finishing materials offered by the market, still beat all records in the frequency of their use.

They are also used to cover internal surfaces, and they are also used to renovate facades. Paints and furniture makers are not ignored. For fences and railings, they fit perfectly. Such a widespread use obliges users to understand at least a little theory: on what basis they are made, how to breed and how to use for repair purposes.

What is dispersion paint, the people for the most part imagine vaguely and very approximately. Although this does not prevent people from actively using them, we decided to fill this knowledge gap. About this, and more about many other, no less interesting - in our today's article.

A bit of theory

For those who have forgotten the school chemistry course, we recall that dispersion is the formation of an approximately homogeneous substance from liquids that initially do not mix and do not react with each other. As a result, emulsions are obtained, the medium in which (in the case of paint) is a solvent, and the dispersed phase is a coloring pigment with other additives.

Since the phase is not miscible with the medium, paints that have stood for a long time without use begin to exfoliate - to separate into original layers. This process begins almost from the moment of packaging. paint material... Therefore, the instructions for any of them strongly require mixing before applying to surfaces.

Dispersion composition

At first glance, they should include only 2 components - the medium and the phase. However, in reality, they have a rather complex composition. In addition to solvent and pigment, dispersion paints include:

emulsifiers that increase the degree of pigment droplet formation in the medium;
stabilizers that maintain the emulsion in a mixed state and prevent it from delamination;
thickeners that make the paint workable and reduce spreading.
And this is only the most necessary minimum. The average water-based dispersion paint contains about 15 components!
High quality - from 35 to 40.

Varieties of dispersion paints

The most famous and used water-dispersion, it is also water-based paint. Already from the name it becomes clear that the dispersed medium in it is water. This type has practically supplanted the previously widely used organo-basic species from the market. This popularity is explained by the following factors.

Absolute harmlessness. Organic solvents, included in the previous versions, had noticeable volatility, high flammability and varying degrees of toxicity. The water emulsion is devoid of all these disadvantages.
Ease of operation. Unlike organo-basic materials, which are difficult to apply, even a child can paint with water-dispersion paint.
Water-based paints dry very quickly. Those who worked with the old oil ones remember how long they had to wait so as not to stick to them. Quick drying also insures against the adhesion of dust, which previously often forced to paint again.
Most water emulsions do not fade, do not lose their gloss and do not change their shade. In addition, they fit well on any material.
When using water-dispersion paints, the vapor permeability of the surface is maintained. That is, the walls continue to breathe, the humidity does not increase in the room and a comfortable atmosphere of existence remains.
Duration of use: if the surface is properly prepared and painted, it will not need to be repainted for at least 5 years.
In many cases, the coating lasts up to 20 (until you get tired of the design).

The difference in the phases of the water emulsion

In all paints of this type, the dispersed medium is the same (water), but the phase is different.

The filler is PVA glue. The cheapest type of water-based paints. Retains UV resistance and color, but is susceptible to water. Used in dry, not requiring frequent washing rooms or for painting ceilings (not in the kitchen and not in the bathroom).

Latex dispersions. The surfaces covered with them can be safely washed: the paints have a fairly high wear resistance threshold. Latex water-dispersion paints are odorless, like other water-based emulsions, dry quickly and form a full-fledged, high-quality vapor barrier on the surface. However, they retain a certain sensitivity to light, therefore they are mainly used in internal work. In addition, they have insufficiently high frost resistance: the coating cracks from the cold, and in some cases falls off in layers.

Acrylic dispersions are considered versatile and multifunctional. They can be painted both inside and outside. When applied, they form a plastic film that retains its elasticity even after final drying. In addition to being water resistant, acrylics are also heat, UV and abrasion resistant. Naturally, of the entire water-dispersion range, they have the highest cost.

For all types of water emulsions, it is characteristic to provide the possibility of their tinting. For this, pigments are produced in a dry or liquid state to achieve the desired color shade.

Facade features

If you need the strongest possible coating for the outer side of the walls, special dispersion paints based on synthetic resins are used. Such variations have the maximum indicator of wear resistance and strength to mechanical stress. Antiseptics are also introduced into them, preventing the formation of fungal and mold colonies on the facade.

They also have an increased effect of repelling liquid, since the outer walls are constantly attacked by precipitation. In addition, facade dispersion paints have a high coefficient of elasticity, especially for those intended for working with wood: plasticity allows you to maintain the integrity of the coating during seasonal or weather movements of the wood. Thus, knowing in theory what dispersion paint is, being aware of its varieties, and soberly assessing the upcoming work, you will surely choose the type of paintwork that best suits your tasks.

Water-based paints are widely used for household purposes. They can be easily applied to almost any surface: metal, wood, concrete, brick, polymers. The water dispersion composition is water solution, where the binder is an aqueous dispersion of acrylic, styrene-butadiene or vinyl acetate copolymers. Acrylic materials are used in most painting work: repair and decoration of external and internal walls of residential buildings and office premises. Some paints are used in the artistic field, they are used to decorate drawings on fabrics and paint. Water dispersible acrylic paint, due to its versatile properties and many advantages, has received a wide range of applications. Its advantages are:

durability of the coating;
fast drying, which allows you to apply the next layer after 1 hour;
the brightness of the color is preserved, which does not fade from the sun's rays;
low level of toxicity;
fire safety;
lack of unpleasant odors during work.

Paint consumption per 1 m² is one of the main indicators of the coating. For acrylic water-based paint, consumption is from 120 to 150 g / m². This indicator may vary depending on the surface to be painted, because more paint will have to be spent on a rough one. Some types of materials need to increase the consumption up to 200 g / m² to provide good wear resistance.

To correctly perform a preliminary calculation of the paint, multiply the consumption indicated on the package by 1.15. So you will avoid the possibility of additional search for material if the volume of the purchased paint is not enough. It is better to purchase it in containers of large volumes, this will minimize the cost of the material.

Before buying paint, you need to calculate its consumption

Characteristics of acrylic water-dispersion paint

The performance parameters of the paint are regulated by GOST 2819689. It works not only for acrylic materials, but also for other water-dispersible mixtures such as varnish or primer. All paints containing an acrylic component are marked with the "AK" marking.

TO technical specifications water-dispersible acrylic materials include:

appearance of the finished surface - it should be a uniform smooth layer;
color - determined by the range of standard colors; part of non-volatile chemical substances, such as resins, polymers, etc., their share is about half of the total volume of paint (4656%);
pH level - can vary from almost neutral to slightly alkaline;
frost resistance - determined by the amount of frost that the coating can withstand under standard conditions.

Also, the characteristics of the paint include drying speed, lightfastness and wear resistance. It is very important not to make a mistake in choosing a coating and to find exactly the one that, in terms of its characteristics, will correspond to the conditions of its application.

Types of water-based paint

Water-dispersive acrylic paints for wood, concrete or metal - they contain polymers that adhere to one of the listed materials.
Washable or dry clean only. Washable compounds form the most durable polymer film that will not deteriorate due to exposure to moisture. Paints that can only be dry cleaned are cheaper, but weaker in durability.
Materials for facades, ceilings, floors determine the main purpose. Most paints are suitable for indoor and outdoor use on horizontal and vertical surfaces.

When adding water to the paint, you can use a sponge to paint the walls unusually.

To reduce the viscosity of the acrylic material, for example, so that it can be applied with a spray gun, you should add water to it. The amount of water in the composition should not exceed 1015%, so as not to impair the performance of the coating. To give it a certain effect, you can use branded solvents from the same manufacturer. With their help, the finish is given a matte or glossy look, which changes the perception of the room.

Where are used

The most common type of water-dispersion paint for painting facades of buildings made of concrete, brick, plaster is acrylic material. It features high weather resistance, adhesive strength, water resistance, light fastness. Also, acrylic paints have increased alkali resistance, which is an important aspect when painting concrete buildings. Acrylic dispersion is the best option for decorating buildings in urban environments. This paint is weather resistant and has a dirt-repellent property that plays a significant role in polluted urban environments.

Concrete and reinforced concrete structural elements often corrode, in order to avoid their rapid wear, materials based on acrylic resins are used. Such a coating will reliably protect structures from rust.

To paint rooms with high humidity (saunas, showers, bathrooms), paints with the addition of antiseptics are used, which counteract the appearance of fungi and mold and suppress the vital activity of microorganisms. To protect the surface from biological corrosion, it can be coated with an acrylic coating with special fungicidal additives.

If we talk about painting concrete floors of industrial buildings, then the greatest complex is possessed by water-dispersion mixtures based on water emulsions of epoxy oligomers. Acrylic materials are also suitable for painting floors if they are not exposed to too much mechanical stress during operation. These can be floors in utility rooms, schools, hospitals, canteens.

Application technology

If necessary, the paint is tinted

Before starting painting, the surface must be cleaned of dust, grease and other contaminants, as they can spoil the appearance of a freshly painted wall. Defects and curvature are best leveled with a cement compound. If there is mold on the surface, it must be removed mechanically. In this case, it is advised to apply a layer of fungicide and leave for 14 hours, it will kill all unwanted bacteria on the surface. Ceiling, floor or wall must be dry and well cleaned before applying paint.

The mixture must be thoroughly mixed before use. Depending on the condition and material of the surface to be painted, as well as the type of finished finish that you want to obtain, 1 to 3 layers of acrylic water-dispersion paint should be applied. If the ceiling, floor or wall is painted for the first time, then they should first be primed. The primer is applied with a brush or roller, then allowed to dry for 12 hours.

If you want to get a certain shade or effect, you can add special dyes to the material.

It is better to start painting from the side of the window, parallel to the frame structure. To get the desired shade, you should add a coloring pigment to the white base.

For walls and ceilings, use a roller, brush or spray. Apply two layers of paint with a roller at intervals of 4 hours. The first layer, diluted with water in a ratio of 0.5 l of water to 5 l of paint, is still better applied with a brush. The second layer, in order to achieve the most even surface, should be painted with a roller. Spray paint the walls at a distance of 1 m from them.

If there are small cracks up to 0.4 mm thick on the surface, it doesn't matter, acrylic coatings are able to mask this defect.

Applying paint to the wall

Safety and storage rules

Before dyeing, a protective cream should be applied to the face and hands and glasses should be worn. The room should be well ventilated during the staining process.

Water-borne acrylic paints must be stored at 030 ° C. In the cold, storage of material is allowed only for a period of up to 1 month.

Choose paints from certified trusted manufacturers, it is also worth checking with the seller the storage conditions of containers with the mixture, since improper preservation often leads to a deterioration in the consistency of the material, its thickening. When choosing a paint for a particular room, you need to rely on such indicators as temperature, humidity, light level, the need for decorative effects.