Autonomous okrugs of the Russian Federation list. List of federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation

According to the form of state structure, states are divided into two types: unitary and federal.

The federal state is a single union state, which includes several state formations (subjects of the federation), which have a certain political independence.

The historically formed features of our state (territorial length, a large number of nationalities, different levels of development and economic specialization of regions) made it necessary to turn in modern conditions to the model of a union state with independent territorial and political formations within it. Therefore, the state structure Russian Federation characterized by the presence of federal ties between its subjects, which arose on the basis of the Federal Treaty and the Constitution of the Russian Federation at the same time. In this regard, Russia is constitutional and contractual federation.

The Russian Federation includes several types of subjects:

• republics;
• Autonomous region;
• autonomous districts: territories and regions;
• federal cities - Moscow and St. Petersburg.

This creates a special legal regime in the relationship both between the center and the subjects, and between individual subjects. For example, autonomous okrugs are simultaneously part of the territory, region, and directly into the Federation. In accordance with the Federal Treaty, or rather its three parts on the delineation of powers between the federal bodies of state power and the bodies of power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. all subjects of the Russian Federation are combined into three groups based on the common legal status and the scope of powers transferred to the subject of the Russian Federation, these are:

Republic, named in states and having the greatest scope of powers in their jurisdiction: the constitution and higher bodies state power, as well as the name by name of one of the nationalities inhabiting its territory, but, as a rule, not constituting the majority of the population; almost all republics have concluded additional bilateral agreements with the Federation, which significantly distinguishes their position from other subjects of the Russian Federation;

Autonomous formations - autonomous region and autonomous regions which are national-territorial entities; unlike edges and areas, they can independently design a project federal law about their legal status and propose it to the Federal Assembly, they also have a name by the name of one or two nationalities or ethnic groups living on their territory primordially;

Territories, regions and cities of federal significance - and St. Petersburg, which are administrative-territorial entities, in the formation of which the national principle of separation of their territory was not taken into account; In the midst of this type of subjects, the processes of concluding bilateral agreements on the delineation of powers between the federal authorities and the authorities of the subject are currently actively developing, which indicates a gradual convergence of their status with other types of subjects.

The federal structure of Russia is built not only on the principles of the national-territorial structure developed by the practice of state building over the past 100 years, but also on the principles that express the conceptual position of the creators of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and their ideas about the method of territorial organization of state power in Russia.

The following can be distinguished principles of the Federation:

• national-territorial principle the structure of the Federation (combining the national and territorial foundations of its structural organization), inherited from the past development of Russia as the Republic of the USSR;
• principle of free regional development constituent entities of the Russian Federation, based on the 1992 Federal Treaty and bilateral treaties on the delineation of powers between the central bodies of state power and bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples(the population of the subject), which concludes the danger of complete separation and separation of the subject from the composition of Russia, since the self-determination of peoples. inhabiting a certain territory, associated with the creation of an independent state;
• the principle of equality of identical subjects of the Russian Federation, reflecting the unequal position of the three types of subjects of the Russian Federation;
• the principle of mutual assistance of peoples, their all-round cooperation among themselves.

Thus, federal structure of Russia- This is a constitutional and legal institution, the norms of which determine the form of state structure, types of subjects of the Russian Federation, the distribution of competence between the subjects and the Federation, the basis of relations between the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Russia is a multinational country with a rich history. Many nationalities live on the territory of our country, which have their own traditions and their own language. There are several types of subjects in Russia: republics, oblasts, territories, autonomous okrugs, autonomous oblasts, cities of federal significance. Let's figure out how many subjects are in the Russian Federation in total and whether this value can change.

Subjects of the Russian Federation

The Russian Federation includes 85 subjects:

A detailed list can be found, for example, on the website of the state authorities of the Russian Federation. The number of subjects can change over time. This is due to the change in the population and the economic opportunities of the territories allocated to a separate entity.

So, on March 14, 2014, a new subject - the Republic of Crimea - became part of the Russian Federation, and a new city of federal significance - Sevastopol - appeared. Thus, today the number of constituent entities in the Russian Federation is 85. Prior to that, there were 83 constituent entities in the Russian Federation, which have been legally established since 2003.

Depending on the meaning, each of the subjects has certain characteristics. For example, a republic has the status of a country within a country and has its own constitution, as well as legislative and executive bodies. Regions, territories, cities of federal significance have their own regional legislative bodies. All laws that are adopted by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must not contradict the country's constitution and federal laws.

How are subjects different from each other?

85 subjects of the Russian Federation differ from each other in the following indicators:

• population size and density;
• the size of the territories;
• National composition.

Each of the selected indicators is not absolute and changes over time. The dynamics of migration and economic well-being of the subject is partially reflected by the population censuses.

List of subjects of the Russian Federation with the ability to sort by density and population, area of ​​the region and by federal districts. The population density indicator (people / km2) is obtained by dividing the population (as of 2012 ... ... Wikipedia

Contents 1 Heads of constituent entities of the Russian Federation 2 Facts 3 Notes ... Wikipedia

List of subjects of the Russian Federation, sorted by population as of January 1, 2012. # Subject of the Russian Federation All population, people% of total population of RF Urban population, pers. % Rural population, people % ... Wikipedia

Subjects of the Russian Federation ... Wikipedia

List of subjects of the Russian Federation, sorted by their area. № Subject of the Russian Federation Area, km²% of the RF Federal District 1 Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 3083523 18.03% Far Eastern Federal District 2 Krasnoyarsk Territory 2366797 ... Wikipedia

Contents 1 Heads of constituent entities of the Russian Federation 2 Party affiliation of regional leaders 3 ... Wikipedia

The table shows a list of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, sorted by natural population growth (downward, that is, from the highest rate of natural increase to the lowest, to the highest rate of natural ... ... Wikipedia

Russia shares borders with 18 countries (the largest in the world), including two partially recognized and two on the water: Norway ... Wikipedia

This is a list of subjects of the Russian Federation according to the human development index for 2009 ... Wikipedia

Central Federal District Center Federal District Moscow Territory area 650, 7 thousand km² (at the end of 2007) (3.82 ... Wikipedia

Books

• Atlas of the World Atlas of Russia, T. Borisova (ed.). The Atlas is a pocket-size edition with two full-fledged atlases under the general cover - the atlas of the world and the atlas of Russia. The World Atlas contains contemporary political ...
• Atlas of Russia,. This pocket-sized atlas presents maps of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation: administrative centers, settlements, main railways and automobile roads are shown. For…

We live in the world. Therefore, everyone needs to know its administrative structure. Russia is a federation. Therefore, it consists of equal parts. And the list of subjects of the Russian Federation will be presented below in the order in which they are indicated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

History

Our country is the legal successor With few exceptions, the former names of cities and regions have been preserved. However, the administrative structure has changed. Subjects with new statuses have appeared. Each of them has its own administrative center. The capitals of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the list of which we will give, will also be indicated.

Until 2014, 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were part of Russia. The list and names of the latter have changed several times. Today there are already eighty-five of them. We were joined by the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.

These subjects of the Russian Federation were added to the list of 2014. True, the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over them has not yet been recognized by all countries of the world. And in the adoption of the Constitution, our country was divided into eighty-nine subjects. Then the so-called elimination of national autonomies began. It lasted from 2003 to 2007. During this time, six autonomous regions were abolished.

General Provisions

So, our country is divided into 85 subjects - administrative-territorial units. Their names, status and rights are enshrined in Article 65. Subjects can make their own laws and other regulations, however, they must not contradict federal ones. Also, administrative-territorial units are allowed to have their own constitutions and statutes. The latter depends on the legal status of the region.

Only a republic can have its own constitution. All other regions are adopting statutes. In general, there are several types of subjects in the Russian Federation. These are the republics already mentioned above, there are twenty-two of them.

In addition, our country includes forty-six regions, nine territories, four autonomous districts, three federal cities (St. Petersburg, Sevastopol and Moscow) and one autonomous region. Moreover, regardless of the status of the subject, all regions are equal and cannot secede from the Russian Federation on their own initiative. Law No. 6-FKZ allows new territories to enter the Russian Federation. In this case, new subjects will be formed. The basis for entering the Russian Federation may be the expression of the will of the peoples living in the new territories. In addition, our country is also divided into eight federal districts. Each of them unites several subjects. However, the federal district does not have the status of an administrative-territorial unit.

Federal cities

There are three such regions in our country. The list of subjects of the Russian Federation is presented below: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol.

Autonomous regions

There is only one region with this status on the territory of the Russian Federation. This is its Jewish capital - the city of Birobidzhan.

Autonomous regions

List of subjects of the Russian Federation with this status: Khanty-Mansiysk (Yugra), Nenets, Chukotsk, Yamalo-Nenets. Their administrative centers, respectively: Khanty-Mansiysk, Naryan-Mar, Anadyr, Salekhard.

Republics

It includes the following constituent entities of the Russian Federation with this status:

The edges

Regions with a similar status are included, below is a list of subjects of the Russian Federation.

Areas

The structure of Russia includes the following constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have such a status.

So our country is a federation. And all of its administrative-territorial units - the subjects of the Russian Federation - are equal. Today there are eighty-five of them.