Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology of the St. Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate teacher education and the Department of Psychotherapy, Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov.
Was born on February 4, 1959 in Voronezh. He graduated from the medical faculty of the Kemerovo State Medical Institute in 1982. Later he studied in clinical residency at the Department of Psychiatry of the same institute. While still in clinical residency, he showed interest in the study and use of the artistic expression of the mentally ill in order to diagnose and improve the effectiveness of the treatment and rehabilitation process. In 1983 he developed an original projective color technique ("Mosaic"), which he began to actively use in working with patients.
From 1984 to 1999 he worked as a psychiatrist as a district adult in St. Petersburg. In 1986 he entered the correspondence postgraduate course in clinical psychology at the Leningrad Scientific Research Psychoneurological Institute named after V.I. V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis. In 1990 he successfully defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of medical sciences in the specialties "medical psychology" and "psychiatry" (thesis topic: "Experimental psychological methods in the differential diagnosis of depressive conditions").
Since the late 1980s, he has been mastering the methods of art therapy and making attempts to introduce them into the activities of psychiatric institutions in Leningrad / St. Petersburg, including organizing and conducting the first interactive art therapy groups in Russia on the basis of outpatient psychiatric institutions. Since the mid-1990s, he began to actively promote art therapy and conduct the first in the Russian Federation advanced training programs in art therapy (on the basis of the Institute of Practical Psychology "Imaton", the St. Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education).
Together with a group of colleagues in 1997, he creates a regional public organization "Art Therapy Association" and in the same year establishes the "International Journal of Art Therapy" Healing Art ". Since the mid-1990s, he has been developing cooperation with leading foreign centers and professional organizations in the field of art therapy and organizing numerous scientific and practical forums on the problems of studying psychopathological expression, using the creative potential of people with disabilities, and art therapy. Engaged in writing and preparing the first publications in Russian (monographs, collections of scientific papers, methodological manuals) in this area; develops theoretical and methodological issues related to the use of art therapy in medicine, education and the social sphere, creates an original psychotherapeutic approach - systemic art therapy (SAT). He is engaged in scientific research of its effects.
Since 2000 he has been a member of the Art and Psychiatry Section of the World Psychiatric Association and in 2006 was elected to the position of Vice-Chairman of the Section. Since 2010 - member of the scientific editorial board of the international journal "Body, movement and dance in psychotherapy" - Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy: International Journal for Theory, Research and Practice.
In 2010 at the St. Petersburg Research Psychoneurological Institute. V.M. Bekhtereva defended her thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences (specializing in "medical psychology") on the topic "Systemic art therapy: theoretical justification, methodology of application, treatment, rehabilitation and destigmatizing effects."
List of major works
Monographs and collections of scientific papers:
- A.I. Kopytin Fundamentals of art therapy / A.I. Kopytin. - SPb .: Lan, 1999 .-- 254 p.
- Workshop on art therapy (edited by A.I.Kopytin). - SPb .: Peter, 2000 .-- 285 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Systemic art therapy / A.I. Kopytin. - SPb .: Peter, 2001 .-- 216 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Theory and practice of art therapy / A.I. Kopytin. - SPb .: Peter, 2002 .-- 368 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Guide to group art therapy / A.I. Kopytin. - SPb .: Rech, 2003 .-- 320 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Art therapy for children and adolescents / A.I. Kopytin, E.E. Svistovskaya. - M .: Kogito-Center, 2006 .-- 197 p.
- Art therapy - new horizons (edited by A.I.Kopytin). - M .: Kogito-Center, 2006 .-- 336 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Techniques of analytical art therapy. / A.I. Kopytin, B. Court. - SPb .: Rech, 2007 .-- 186 p.
- Practical art therapy: treatment, rehabilitation, training. - M .: Kogito-Center, 2008 .-- 288 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Guide to phototherapy / A.I. Kopytin, D. Platts. - M .: Kogito-Center, 2009 .-- 184 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Phototherapy techniques / A.I. Kopytin. - SPb .: Rech, 2010 .-- 128 p.
- Art therapy of women's problems (edited by A.I. Kopytin). - M .: Kogito-Center, 2010 .-- 270 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Guidelines for children and adolescents and family art therapy / A.I. Kopytin, E.E. Svistovskaya. - SPb .: Rech, 2010 .-- 250 p.
- A.I. Kopytin Art therapy of mental disorders. / A.I. Kopytin. - SPb .: Rech, 2011 .-- 368 p.
- Methods of art therapy for children and adolescents: domestic and foreign experience (edited by A.I.Kopytin). - M .: Kogito-Center, 2012 .-- 285 p.
- A.I. Kopytin The use of some clinical and psychological techniques for the differential diagnosis of depressive states / A.I. Kopytin // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov. - 1990. - No. 4. - S. 95-99.
- A.I. Kopytin Drawing test R. Silver for the assessment of cognitive and emotional spheres of personality / A.I. Kopytin // Psychological journal. - 2004. - No. 5. - S. 90-97.
- A.I. Kopytin Some problems of using art therapy in psychiatry / A.I. Kopytin // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov. - 2004. - No. 5. - P.77-82.
- A.I. Kopytin Early analogues and modern methods of art therapy work with psychiatric patients / A.I. Kopytin // Social and Clinical Psychiatry. - 2005. - No. 2. - S. 90-102.
- A.I. Kopytin "Dialogue" with the visual arts of mentally ill people as a tool for destigmatization / A.I. Kopytin // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov. - 2007. - No. 12. - S. 71-77.
- A.I. Kopytin Art therapy as an integral part of the system of mental health services / A.I. Kopytin // Mental health. - 2009. - No. 3. - S. 72-78.
- A.I. Kopytin Changes in the mental and social status of drug addicts in remission during group art therapy / A.I. Kopytin, O. V. Bogachev // Psychological journal. - 2009. - No. 1. - S. 86-95.
- A.I. Kopytin Art therapy in the clinic of borderline states / A.I. Kopytin // Mental health. - 2009. - No. 8. - S. 58-65.
- A.I. Kopytin Art therapy in psychiatry and general medical practice / A.I. Kopytin // Bulletin of the St. I.I. Mechnikov. - 2009. - No. 3 (30). - S. 142-148.
- Kopytin A. The Silver Drawing Test of Cognition and Emotion: standartisation in Russia / A. Kopytin // American Journal of Art Therapy. - 2002. - Vol. 40, May. - P. 223-258.
- Kopytin A. Photography and art therapy: an easy partnership / A. Kopytin // Inscape. The Journal of the British Art Therapy Association. - 2004. - No. 2. - P. 49-58.
- Kopytin A. Using silver drawing test for assessing normal and traumatised children and adolescents living in the areas affected by Chernobyl nuclear accident / A. Kopytin // Trauma und Kreativitat. Therapie mit kunstlerischen medien (eds R. Hampe, Ph. Martius, A. Reiter, G. Schottenloher, F. Von Spreti). - Bremen: Verlag Universitat Bremen. - 2004. - P. 407-416.
- Kopytin A. Fantasizing about violence: using the Draw-a-Story Test in assessing adult psychiatric patients who committed severe criminal acts and delinquent adolescents (Chapter 7) / A. Kopytin, V. Sventsitskaya, E. Svistovskaya // Aggression and Depression assessed through art (ed. R. Silver). - New York: Brunner and Routledge. - 2004. - P. 141-160.
- Kopytino A. Meno terapija dirbant su priklausomybe turinciais paaugliais / A. Kopytino // Dailes terapija. Seminaru uzrasai (Rasa Kucinskiene). - Vilnius: Kronta. - 2006. - P. 65-84.
- Kopytin A. Promoting understanding and tolerance through art: antistigma experience by the means of interactive exhibitions / A. Kopytin // Collection of scientific papers. - Riga: Riga Stradins University. - 2008. - P. 124-128.
- Kopytin A. Antistigma experience by a means of interactive exhibitions / A. Kopytin // The person in art (eds. Hans-Otto Thomashoff and E. Suhanova). - Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. - 2008. - P. 123-139.
- A.I. Kopytin Art therapy in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with various mental disorders / A.I. Kopytin // Menu terapija reabilitacijoje: situacija ir perspektivos. Respublikines mokslines-praktines konferencijos. - Klaipeda: Klaipedos universitetas. - Klaideda, November 2-4, 2009. - P. 80-95.
- Kopytin A. Photography and art therapy: possibilities for partnership / A. Kopytin // KunstReiz. Neurobiologische aspekte kunstlerischer therapien (eds. R. Hampe, P. Martius, D. Ritschl, F. von Spreti, P. Stalder). - Berlin: Frank & Timme. - 2009. - P. 479-492.
- Kopytins A. Terapeitiskie faktori makslas terapijas grupa / A. Kopytins / K. Marninsone // Makslas terapija: teorija un prakse (ed. K. Martinsone). - Riga: Drukatava. - 2009. - P. 422-431.
- Kopytin A. How to overcome psychiatric stigma through art / H.O. Thomashoff, E. Sukhanova, A. Kopytin // Advances in psychiatry (eds. G. Christodoulou, M. Jorge, J. Mezzich). - Athens: Beta Medical Publishers. - 2009. - P. 223-236.
Copied from the site "Samopoznanie.ru"
A. I. Kopytin
Theory
and practice
ART THERAPY
St. Petersburg
Moscow ■ Kharkov ■ Minsk 2002
Alexander Ivanovich Kopytin Theory and practice of art therapy
Series "Golden Fund for Psychotherapy"
Editor-in-chief E. Stroganova
Unspeakable iicMxojiui by L. Vinonurop
Deputy iaa. psychological edition of I. Karpov
Artistic editor V. Shimkevich
Leading editor A. Borin
Literary editor A. Efremov
Cover designer K. Radzevich Proofreaders L. Komarova, M Roshale
Layout I. Oshchutnv
BBK 53.57 UDC 615.851 Kopytin A.I.
K65 Theory and practice of art therapy - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002. - 368 p: ill. - (Series "Golden Fund for Psychotherapy"),
ISBN 5-318-00710-4
The book presents the foundations of the theory of art therapy and some models of its application in the main areas of psychotherapeutic irics. The article describes the results of studies on the assessment of the effects of the use of art therapy in the clinical field and verification of the diagnostic impossibilities of the pictorial meudiks. The book KPYUCHZH1 povsh.te provisions of the concept of systemic art therapy developed by the author Description of various multimodal techniques and processes of non-verbal communication in the art-therapeutic process. The connection between modern art therapy and the practice of huidizhesheshuyu yavan-shrda is discussed. The book is addressed to doctors, psychotherapists, psychologists, social workers and other specialists in the field of mental health protection, as well as students of psychological and medical faculties of high schools.
© A. I. Kopytin, 2002
© Publishing house "Piteri, 3002
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without written permission from the copyright holders.
ISBN 5-318-00710-4
CJSC Peter Bucky. 196105, Sinkt-Psgrburg, Ny1 "di1nayup., D. 67.
License ID No. 01940 mOS.OU.00. Tax incentive - All-Russian classifier of products OK 0O5-93, tone 2; D53OOO - GNP and Brochures
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Printed from transparencies at FSUE "Pechatny Dyaori named after AM Gorky Miyisgvrspsh RF on printing chips,
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197110. St. Petersburg, Chkalovskiy pr., 15.
Part I. BASIC CONCEPTS.
CONCEPT OF SYSTEM ART THERAPY
Chapter 1. Definition of art therapy 14
Conclusion 20
Chapter 2. History of art therapy and art therapy education 21
Precursors and pioneers of art therapy 22
Creation of the first professional associations 31
Integration into the state healthcare system. Changes
in the conditions and remuneration of art therapists 34
Art therapy education 37
Conclusion 43
Chapter 3. The main factors of psychotherapeutic influence
in art therapy 45
Artistic Expression Factor 45
Psychotherapeutic relationship factor 54
Interpretation and Verbal Feedback Factor 62
Chapter 4. Art therapy process and its systematic description 67
Preparatory phase 70
The stage of formation of the system of psychotherapeutic relations and the beginning
client's visual activities 74
Stage of strengthening and development of psychotherapeutic relationships
and the most productive visual activity of the client 79
The final stage (termination) 87
Conclusion 92
Part P. GROUP ART THERAPY
Chapter 5. Forms of group art therapy 96
Studio open group 98
Dynamic (analytical) closed group 102
Thematic group 105
Conclusion 108
Chapter 6. Factors of psychotherapeutic influence
in group art therapy 109
Artistic Expression Factor 109
The factor of intragroup communication processes and relationships 130
Interpretation and Verbal Feedback Factor 138
Conclusion 153
Chapter 7. Description of the process of group art therapy 154
Bikini Goddesses & Mickey Rourke 155
Gradient and heavenly 163
Chapter 8. Non-verbal communication and different shapes creative
self-expression in group art therapy 174
The role of non-verbal communication and different forms of creative
self-expression in art therapy 174
The connection between non-verbal communication and various forms of creative
expression with group processes 177
in non-verbal communication 186
Performance, installation, work with objects and landart 196
Conclusion 217
Part III. PRIVATE ART THERAPY ISSUES
Chapter 9. Art therapy in working with psychiatric patients 221
A brief overview of the history and main approaches to use
art therapy in working with psychiatric patients 221
The main problems of using art therapy in work
with psychiatric patients 223
Research on the effects of art therapy in work
with psychiatric patients: basic tasks 230
A selection of art therapy models 231
Equipment for an art therapy room; periodicity,
structure and content of sessions.;, 233
Composition of groups and procedure for referral to art therapy 235
Tasks of art therapy work 237
Registration of the course of sessions and methods of dynamic assessment of art therapy work and its results 238
Clinical description of group art therapy work 240
Example! 240
Example 2 261
Mechanisms and processes associated with the achievement of positive effects of the use of art therapy in working with psychiatric
patients 268
Artistic Expression Factor 270
Factor psychotherapeutic and intragroup
communication processes and relationships 274
Interpretation and Verbal Feedback Factor 279
Conditions for maintaining the positive effects of the use of art therapy over time 282
Conclusion 287
Chapter 10. Intercultural research in art therapy and Russian
standardization of drawing test Silver 289
Goals and objectives of the study 291
Brief description of the drawing test Silver 292
Cognitive 293
Prediction Task 293
Drawing from nature task 293
Imagination challenge 293
Emotional aspect 294
Scale for evaluating the emotional content of drawings 295
The scale for evaluating the "I" image 296
Characteristics of respondents 296
Results and discussion 299
Conclusions 310
CONCLUSION 312
Appendix 1. ART THERAPEUTIC WEB RESOURCES 316
Appendix 2. ART THERAPEUTIC CENTERS
EDUCATION 319
Belgium 319
University of Leuven, in conjunction with the Lemmens Institute 319
United Kingdom 321
University England Polytechnic 321
Central School of Speech and Drama L 323
South Devon College 324
University of hertfordsh ira 326
Goldsmith College, University of London 332
University of Sheffield 335
Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh 337
Germany 338
Dresden Art School 338
University of Münster 339
Nurtingen Art Therapy School 340
Netherlands 340
The university vocational education Arnhem
and Nijmegen 340
Institute for Vocational Education of the Northern Netherlands .. 344
Enschede Vocational University 346
University of Vocational Education Limburg 347
University of Vocational Education Utrecht 349
Finland 351
University of Fine Arts and Design Helsinki 351
Polytechnic of North Karelia 352
Sibelius Academy 353
France 353
René Descartes University, Paris 353
Sweden 357
Umea University 357
REFERENCES 359
Introduction
Recent years have become in our country a time of rapid development of psychotherapy and the active development of its new forms and models. Art therapy, a method of treatment based on the use of artistic creativity, is of great interest to specialists and potential clients. However, until recently in Russia, clearly not enough was known about this extremely interesting and promising direction, which became the reason for its most bizarre interpretations. A lot of people have appeared who, without any reason, call themselves art therapists.
The level of awareness of this direction of psychotherapy even in academic circles, alas, still leaves much to be desired. Despite the desire of the compilers of the "Psychotherapeutic Encyclopedia * (Karvasarsky, 2000)" with the maximum completeness and objectivity * to present "all the basic information about psychotherapy and its methods" (p. 9), the information provided in it about art therapy can hardly be called complete and objective. Most of it is drawn from foreign publications 25-30 years ago. When describing domestic achievements in this area, nothing is said about the existence of an art therapy association in our country, the Healing Art magazine it publishes, about conducting courses of basic art therapy training and the existence of very interesting practical centers using art therapy methods.
Also not mentioned are the books on art therapy in Russian that have appeared in recent years (Kopytin, 1999; Kopytin, 2000), thanks to which many first learned about real art therapy. Of course, they are clearly not enough, and there is an urgent need to familiarize domestic readers with the history
10 Introduction
development, theoretical foundations and methods of art therapy within the framework of its comprehensive, systematic description.
In our opinion, such a systematic description should include: the characterization of art therapy as an independent psychotherapeutic direction, organically linked to social, cultural, political and institutional contexts;
the idea of art therapy as a professional movement associated with a community of specialists, united on the basis of a certain system of theoretical views and empirically developed techniques;
analysis of various therapeutic and corrective factors of art therapy;
description of the art-therapeutic process as a series of regularly replacing each other stages, each of which reflects the dynamics of artistic expression, the client's behavior and his relationship with the psychotherapist;
characteristics of the features of group art therapy and art therapy group.
This book is an attempt at a similar systematic description of art therapy. Since it includes several aspects of systems analysis, it would be a mistake to consider the concept we use “systemic art therapy *” as a direct analogue of systemic family psychotherapy. Striving for the most complete and comprehensive analysis of art therapy as a method with its characteristic factors of therapeutic and corrective effects and the dynamics of various changes occurring in the process of work, the author used various theoretical models. Therefore, his approach could also be called eclectic. The author considers the use of this approach to be the most justified, taking into account both the peculiarities of the method itself, which appeared at the junction of various disciplines and forms of praxis, and the current stage in the development of art therapy.
In recent years, new original concepts of art therapy have been actively developed, which complement the traditional psychodynamic, behavioral and humanistic ideas about the nature and mechanisms of the healing effect of artistic creativity. When developing them, elements of general systems theory, social theories and the theory of culture are widely used. So, for example, largely due to the use of general systems theory and postmodern concepts in the art-patient environment, there is growing awareness of the limitations of any "umbrella" theories of orthodox psychology and psychiatry, with their desire to explain human behavior and experience within the framework of any one theoretical model. Methodological Pluralism in Problem Analysis modern man and determining approaches to their solution turns out to be more adequate to the existing realities of life and contributes to the development of such forms of art therapy that take into account gender and age, race and ethnicity, cultural and social experience and other characteristics of patients. This trend is associated with the revision of the traditional concepts of health and disease and the recognition that the content of these concepts is largely determined by social institutions, discursive models of culture, the system of values and attitudes of representatives of various
Introduced 11
professional groups. Modern art therapy theory, as well as the effective use of methods of practical work and research, are impossible without a critical study of social structures and methods of representing mental experience accepted in society. This, in turn, requires art therapists to master the “territories” traditionally occupied by sociologists and cultural theorists, as well as a comprehensive analysis of linguistic and non-verbal (in particular, visual) discursive models.
Much attention has recently been paid to the study of non-verbal communication, in connection with which various forms of creative expression of participants in the art-therapeutic process are included in the field of vision of specialists. There are good reasons to believe that their deeper understanding of the mechanisms of non-verbal communication and various forms of creative self-expression will make art therapy work more effective. This can be facilitated by the mastery by art therapists of certain forms and strategies of contemporary art, in particular, such as installation, performance, work with objects, etc. Unfortunately, in modern art therapy literature, clearly insufficient attention is paid to all these issues. With this in mind, one of the chapters of the book is entirely devoted to their discussion and contains numerous examples illustrating the features of non-verbal communication in art therapy and the use of innovative forms of multimodal work.
The book reflects the theoretical views, clinical and research experience of the author. In the first two parts of it, the initial art-therapeutic concepts and the author's concept of art therapy are presented, and the third part is devoted to the results of the clinical application of this concept and research on the standardization of the Silver drawing test. Chapter 9 describes art therapy work in a clinical setting, from the planning stage to the assessment of the results achieved and the development of recommendations for further improvement, as well as expanding its clinical and social base. This material reflects the work done by the author of the book on the practical implementation of the systems approach and related models of scientific research in art therapy. For example, when studying the effects of the use of art therapy in working with mentally ill people, the author tried to take into account the peculiarities of the institutional culture and policy of a state psychiatric institution, the system of relations and the experience of patients, the cultural, social / microsocial and economic resources at their disposal, as well as many others. contextual factors.
When carrying out the Russian standardization of the Silver drawing test, special attention was paid to the study of culturally dependent and culturally independent variables of graphic products. The results of this study point to significant differences between the drawings of respondents of different sex, age and cultural background and confirm how important it is for any modern research to maintain a "postmodern sensibility" associated with close attention to various systemic and non-systemic phenomena.
In recent years, contacts between representatives of art therapy communities from different countries have noticeably intensified. Implementation of international educational and research projects, intensive exchange of information in this area dictate the need to develop common principles and standards of art therapy activities and a system of theoretical concepts that would have a high "convertibility". The author of the book is convinced that the theoretical - "neutrality" - of the systemic approach in combination with the postmodernist "intertextuality in - could serve as the basis for professional communication and the use of the strategy of -schet descriptions" in modern art therapy.
These features of the systems approach and the postmodern paradigm serve as a prerequisite for the interactivity of art therapy, as well as high self-criticism, mobility and professionalism of specialists and their ability to work effectively in a modern multicultural society.
As an independent direction in psychotherapeutic work and a type of professional activity, art therapy began to develop relatively recently. Sensitively reacting to the changes taking place in society in the past few decades, representatives of the art therapy direction were able to create not only a certain system of theoretical concepts, but also a developed network of services offered to representatives of various social groups. At the present stage of the development of art therapy, it is characterized by the recognition of the diversity of forms of human experience and the ways of its reflection in various models of cultural and professional discourse. In the context of postmodernism, none of the currently existing theories of psychology or psychotherapy can be considered sufficient and more "true" than others. Therefore, the author of the book hopes that, using his experience and thoughts, readers will seek their answers to the questions of what art therapy is and how it could be used. While acknowledging the relativity of any belief system, he also hopes that his readers will be able to transcend existing theoretical and ideological frameworks and turn to practice as the primary means of testing the effectiveness of their chosen methods. In this sense, the author's position could be called pragmatic and open to mastering new ideas and forms of experience. “The most important thing in structure is not structure, but what leads out of it ... Chance, chance, event, freedom go beyond structure as a law of conformity” (Avtonomova, 1991). For the author of this book, art therapy is just such an opportunity, chance, event and freedom, and he would like it to become the same for many others - clients and those professionals who are mastering or are already using art therapy methods.
Alexander Ivanovich Kopytin (February 4, 1959, Voronezh) - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology of the St.Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education and the Department of Psychotherapy, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. I.I. Mechnikov.
Graduated from the medical faculty of the Kemerovo State Medical Institute in 1982.
From 1984 to 1999 he worked as a district adult psychiatrist in St. Petersburg. In 1986 he entered the correspondence postgraduate course in clinical psychology at the Leningrad Research Psychoneurological Institute named after V.I. V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis. In 1990 he successfully defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of medical sciences in the specialties "medical psychology" and "psychiatry" (thesis topic: "Experimental psychological methods in the differential diagnosis of depressive conditions").
Since the late 1980s, he has been mastering the methods of art therapy and making attempts to introduce them into the activities of psychiatric institutions in Leningrad / St. Petersburg, including organizing and conducting the first interactive art therapy groups in Russia on the basis of outpatient psychiatric institutions. Since the mid-1990s, he began to actively promote art therapy and conduct the first in the Russian Federation programs for advanced training in art therapy (on the basis of the Institute of Practical Psychology "Imaton", the St. Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education).
Engaged in writing and preparing the first publications in Russian (monographs, collections of scientific papers, methodological manuals) in this area; develops theoretical and methodological issues related to the use of art therapy in medicine, education and the social sphere, creates an original psychotherapeutic approach - systemic art therapy (SAT). He is engaged in scientific research of its effects.
Since 2000 he has been a member of the Art and Psychiatry Section of the World Psychiatric Association and in 2006 was elected to the position of Vice-Chairman of the Section. Since 2010 - member of the scientific editorial board of the international journal "Body, movement and dance in psychotherapy" - "Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy: International Journal for Theory, Research and Practice".
In 2010 at the St. V.M. Bekhtereva defends her thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences.
Books (15)
Art therapy for victims of violence
Tutorial is devoted to the method of art therapy, which is used in relation to difficult cases of psychotherapeutic practice, in particular when working with people who have suffered from all kinds of violence: from physical trauma in childhood to sexual violence.
Art therapy of addiction
The textbook is devoted to the art therapy method, which is used in relation to working with drug addicted patients for their treatment, rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation.
As tools for art therapeutic diagnostics and correction, the authors actively used such drawing techniques as drawing mandalas, coats of arms, talismans, group drawing and group fresco, depicting an animal in a comfortable environment for it and "creating an image of oneself." The dynamics of some clinical cases is illustrated by pictures that change as patients' ideas about themselves and their life path change.
Art therapy. Reader
The anthology is a necessary addition to the previously published books `Workshop on art therapy` (edited by A.I.Kopytin) and` Systemic art therapy` (A.I.Kopytin). A wide range of theoretical and practical problems of art therapy is presented, in particular those that are not at all covered in the domestic literature.
The authors of the works included in the collection are specialists from different countries of Europe, America and Israel, which makes it possible to assess both the level of modern achievements in this field and the originality of national art therapy traditions.
Diagnostics in art therapy. Mandala Method
The collection is devoted to the diagnostic and psychotherapeutic use of mandalas - circular images that can be the product of spontaneous creative activity or created in accordance with a specific instruction.
This method has been successfully used in various areas of art therapy.
Art therapy methods in overcoming the consequences of traumatic stress
One of the important areas of work of psychotherapists and practical psychologists is providing assistance to people who have experienced traumatic stress.
In this publication, the central place is given to the description of the correctional and preventive program, developed in accordance with the author's model of systemic art therapy, presenting modern methods of art therapy for post-traumatic disorders, various techniques recommended for use at different stages of the program, as well as the results of its application.
Art therapy workshop
The book presents various forms of contemporary art therapy used in applied psychology, medicine, education and the social sphere. The reader will find here concise theoretical excursions and detailed descriptions of the course of individual and group art - therapeutic work with clients of various ages, with various diseases and social and psychological problems.
For psychotherapists, teachers, doctors, social workers, representatives of creative professions, students of psychological and other humanitarian departments of universities, as well as those who are interested in the practices of self-healing, creative disclosure and personal growth.
Practical art therapy. Treatment, rehabilitation, training
The book reflects the development of art therapy in Russia over the past decade.
The articles included in it cover various fields of application of art therapy and reflect the diversity of its forms and methods. The process and techniques of practical work with children and adolescents, with adult patients suffering from neurotic and personality disorders, PTSD, chronic mental illness, drug addiction, with pregnant women, as well as with persons released from prison and undergoing socio-psychological rehabilitation are described.
Group Art Therapy Guide
The book is devoted to the methodology and technique of group art therapy.
The history and context of its development are presented. The requirements for the equipment of rooms and studios for group art therapy work, the criteria and procedure for recruiting groups, determining the frequency and duration of classes, as well as choosing the optimal duration of the art therapy course are described in detail.
Questions of group dynamics are discussed. It outlines the basic principles of working with different client groups, including groups of children of different ages, adolescents and adults.
Theory and practice of art therapy
The book presents the foundations of the theory of art therapy and some models of its application in different areas of psychotherapeutic practice.
The article describes the results of studies to assess the effects of the use of art therapy in the clinical field and to test the diagnostic capabilities of drawing techniques.
Description of various multimodal techniques and processes of non-verbal communication in the art-therapeutic process.
Analytical art therapy techniques. Healing travel
The book describes the principles and techniques of analytical art therapy, a promising therapeutic area that allows you to help clients with a wide variety of problems. Techniques are presented using various materials - sand, clay, crayons, paints, natural objects.
Body-Oriented Art Therapy Techniques
The book "Techniques of Body-Oriented Art Therapy" summarizes the experience of modern art therapy in solving the problems of psychosomatic integration.
It contains domestic and foreign (especially British) developments in this area. The above art therapy techniques use various visual media (sand, clay, drawing, photography, etc.) and focus the client on bodily sensations, which are closely related to sensory and emotional processes that manifest themselves during visual activity.
Art therapy of women's problems
The book includes the works of domestic and foreign experts in the field of art therapy. It covers a wide range of psychological problems most often faced by women of different ages and social status, and a number of forms of art therapy work.
The materials presented in the book show that nowadays women have the opportunity to receive such counseling and psychotherapeutic services that take into account gender differences and are free from reductive, dogmatic interpretations of their experience and behavior.
They also confirm that art therapy has significant potential for addressing a variety of women's issues, often acting as a 'social therapy' tool.
Phototherapy Guide
The book reflects the methodological and practical aspects of photography as one of the tools of modern psychotherapy.
Various exercises and forms of working with photography are presented, used for the purpose of treatment, rehabilitation and human development. For the first time in the Russian psychological literature, a detailed discussion of various options for the treatment and correctional use of photography is given.
The article presents the results of an international study of the use of photography in the creative and clinical practice of Russian and British art therapists.
A. I. Kopytin's workshop
Kopytin Alexander Ivanovich- Psychiatrist, psychotherapist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Psychology of the St. Petersburg State Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychotherapy, North-Western State Medical University named after V.I. I. I. Mechnikov. Chairman of the Art Therapy Association.
Creator of the original Russian model of systemic clinical art therapy / art psychotherapy (SAT), the Russian scientific and pedagogical school of art therapy education. Author of over 80 scientific publications, including over 30 monographs, scientific collections and textbooks.
A.I. Kopytina is addressed to professionals in the field of art therapy and those who want to become one, and includes:
Short-term programs and seminars for practicing art therapists, with the aim of increasing professional competencies, mastering international best practices, and constantly developing their skills.
Programs of additional professional education (DPO), conducted on the basis of our "Center of Art Therapy", in cooperation with the Academy of Arts of Igor Burganov and (St. Petersburg), with the issuance of a diploma of the established sample.
Workshop of I.A. Burganov
Burganov Igor Alexandrovich- Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Arts, Professor of the International Academy of Architecture, Candidate of Art History. Received additional education in art therapy. Creator and founder of the Art Therapy Center.
On the basis of this Center, it conducts seminars and master classes on the development and strengthening of the artistic base of specialists in the field of art therapy, specialized rehabilitation and correctional and developmental art therapy programs for special children and adults, the elderly, adolescents and other categories of the population.
Janis Shapiro (Israel)- art therapist, Jungian analyst. He has run an art therapy studio at the adolescent department of Eitanim Psychiatric Hospital in Jerusalem for over 30 years.
Lead Lecturer at the Academic College of Arts and Society in Netanya. Lecturer in the Jungian Analyst Training Program at the Israel Institute of Jungian Psychology. She is also in private practice and supervises art therapy and Jungian therapy specialists.
Ilya Kovalenko- psychoanalytic psychologist, art therapist, medical psychologist of the department rehabilitation treatment polyclinic №220, member of the Russian art therapy association, candidate of the Society for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. Has extensive experience in practical work with children and adults. In her work she uses art therapy methods, as well as psychoanalytic and family therapy approaches.
On the basis of the center, he is engaged in individual counseling and psychotherapy for adults. Conducts regular art therapy groups and trainings for adults.
Conducts art therapy training programs for specialists. Conducts supervision and consultations for practicing art therapists.
Education: higher psychological in the specialty "Practical Psychology" (IPPiP), professional training in the specialty "Art therapy" (IPP "Imaton"), professional retraining in the specialty "Psychotherapy and Medical Psychology" (RMAPO), specialized training seminars within the program "Psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis" (PPPiP) and others.
Morozova Elizaveta Alekseevna- Candidate of Psychological Sciences (2005), Associate Professor, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education Graduated from the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Moscow State Pedagogical University. Lenin (1995), CF SPATI "Interstudio" (branch of LGITMiK, St. Petersburg (2000).
Artist, author of performances and installations. Participant of 170 exhibitions in Russia and abroad. Art therapist, psychodramatist. Institute for Psyshodrama, Cologne, Germany, director - Ella May Shearon, Ph. D (1996), training in art therapy at the Art Therapy Association (St. Petersburg, 1997), certificate of the program "Art therapy: a variety of approaches" (3 levels, IMATON, St. Petersburg, presenter A. Kopytin, 1997) ; Certificate of the International Professional Development Program “Fundamentals of Multimodal Therapy with Creativity. Imagination and Expressive Arts in the Practice of Helping Relationships ”, IPPiP, 2011-2012).
Since 2004 - founder and host of the Performance Art Studio. Author of articles on art therapy, psychodrama, psychology of contemporary art.
Olga Levkovskaya - psychiatrist, psychotherapist, clinical psychologist, art therapist.
Physician-psychotherapist, GBUZ Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents named after G.E. Sukhareva ", Lecturer of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuous Professional Education, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education,
art therapist.
Member of the Association of Child Psychiatrists and Psychologists, Russian Art Therapy Association.
Leads long-term groups and cycles for working with adolescents, educational programs for children and their parents.
Svetlana Bolshunova- art therapist, emotionally imaginative therapist, producer of art and social and educational projects, artist, poet, singer, choreographer. Member of the Russian Art Therapy Association, the Association of Intermodal Therapy with Expressive Arts.
Graduated from Moscow State Pedagogical University. Lenin, Russian Academy of Music. Gnesinykh (production faculty), undergraduate of the program "Art therapy in psychological practice" MSPI, passed the 2nd stage of the course of Emotional-figurative therapy and the second stage of "Psychosomatics in the mirror of EOT" of the Center for EOT prof. Linde ND. Advanced training "Intermodal therapy with expressive arts and art therapy" at MPPGU Moscow Psychological and Pedagogical University.
Tretyakova Christina- artist-sculptor, photographer (course of photography with Alexander Lapin), completed an advanced training program in the specialty "Art therapy".
Has experience working with preschool children, works in the medical and rehabilitation department of the psychiatric hospital №1 named after. Alekseeva.
On the basis of the Center, he conducts cycles for adults on the development of creativity, relaxation and stress prevention, conducts a summer studio, programs using the possibilities of photo therapy.
Bakhtina Svetlana- a practical psychologist, a Jungian analytical psychologist, has additional training in art therapy and actively uses it in his practice.
Runs a teens social club, developmental programs and work with anxious and aggressive teens. Consults parents.
On the basis of the center, he also conducts programs of development and self-knowledge for adults, the cycle "Path to oneself".
Fedorov Oleg Petrovich- professional artist, art therapist
Member of the following creative organizations and associations:
- Moscow Union of Artists (Union of Artists of Russia)
- Union of Photo Artists of Russia
- Russian art therapy association
- International art therapy club
- The club of metaphysical realists at the Central House of Writers.
He studied professionally in the field of theater, music and cinema.
In her work she uses integrative methods of art therapy.
For her studies she attracts professional writers, artists, actors and musicians. What is it main feature his art - therapeutic activity, merging with a new direction - art prevention.
A. I. Kopytin
Contemporary clinical art therapy
Tutorial
* * *Reviewers:
S. M. Babin, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Psychotherapy, North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikova
M.E.Burno, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology, Sexology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
© Kogito-Center, 2015
Introduction
The development of art therapy as a scientific and practical discipline in our country and abroad is marked by the strengthening of its position as necessary component activities of various medical, social, educational institutions. The scientific and methodological base of art therapy is being improved. Its procedures and programs of therapeutic, prophylactic and rehabilitation orientation, intended for different categories of sick and healthy people, are regulated. Requirements for the evidence base and the effectiveness of art therapy, the training of specialists capable of providing professional art therapy services are increasing.
Historically emerging as a kind of helping activity that combines artistic and psychological (therapeutic) practice, art therapy has given rise to a variety of forms and methods. Some of them are characterized by the prevalence of the artistic component, allocate more space to the visual activity and are often referred to as "medical fine art" ( therapeutic art, art as therapy). Others attach importance not only to the process of visual activity, but also to the perception and discussion of the created products, to work with the integral personality of the client / patient on the basis of one or another model of psychological counseling, psychotherapy. For their designation in recent years, the word "art psychotherapy" has been increasingly used.
Healing art and art psychotherapy complement each other, create significant opportunities for working with different people and solving various problems of treatment, rehabilitation, harmonization and human development. They can compose a repertoire of forms and methods of work, which are selected and implemented by the same specialist, taking into account the individual characteristics of the client or group. For this, a specialist must go through a relatively long path of additional professional training (master's or post-master's) in art therapy, as is typical for some countries. At the same time, curative visual arts and art psychotherapy can be practiced by different specialists - an artist who has mastered the basics of psychology, in the first case, and a psychologist / psychotherapist, who has mastered at least the basics of artistic activity, in the second. At the same time, their professional functions, capabilities and remuneration can be appropriately regulated. It is along this path that art therapy is developing in our country today.
This publication is devoted to art therapy as one of the actively developing approaches to the therapeutic and prophylactic use of visual activity. Its history, theory and methodology, tools of practical work in medicine and social sphere, planning and implementation of interventions, studied effects are presented. Many years of experience in teaching, practical work and research of art therapy allowed the author of the book to outline a holistic picture of its development and current state, as well as to present numerous practical examples. The publication actually performs the function of a textbook that allows you to master this subject area, starting from the basics and ending with the fundamental issues of the formation and positioning of art therapy in the system of scientific knowledge, as well as its use in various areas of practical application.
The publication reflects the specifics of domestic art therapy, the peculiarities of its development in the post-Soviet period. Having comprehensively studied and mastered the achievements of foreign art therapy schools, the author nevertheless reveals the strengths and advantages of domestic art therapy, offering a holistic and comprehensively substantiated concept of art therapy intervention, successfully implemented by him and his students.
Chapter 1. Art therapy in the past and present
1.1. Art therapy: definition, history and current status
1.1.1. What is art therapy?
According to the generally accepted international definition, art therapy is one of the areas of creative art therapy ( creative arts therapies), along with such areas as music therapy, dance movement therapy and drama therapy. All of them use the creative activity of clients / patients as a factor of therapeutic and prophylactic influence, but with a predominant reliance on one of the modalities with which clients express themselves creatively - art, music, movement and dance or the art of theater. Accordingly, there are specialists who carry out their work using these modalities - art therapists, music therapists, dance movement therapists and drama therapists.
In recent years, other highly specialized areas of creative art therapy (for example, therapy with poetic creativity) or integrative forms that combine all possible types of creative expression (therapy with expressive arts - expressive arts therapies). Since in foreign practice of creative art therapy and in the training of specialists, the monomodal approach prevails, the combination of different modalities in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prophylactic measures is usually achieved by implementing a team approach, when a client, undergoing, for example, a rehabilitation course, attends classes not only at art therapist, but also from other narrow specialists.
In a number of countries (USA, Great Britain and some others), various forms of creative art therapy are considered as independent paramedical specialties, requiring appropriate long-term professional (master's or post-master's) training, calculated for at least two or three years. The passage of such programs allows people with different basic education (at least the bachelor's level) in the field of art, pedagogy, psychology, medicine (as a rule, nursing specialists - nursing) or social work to master a sufficient amount of knowledge and form a set of skills necessary for the provision of psychological, psychosocial assistance to different groups of the population through the use of art.
There are also countries, which include Russia, where creative art therapies do not have the status of independent specialties. They are considered as highly specialized methods of psychological assistance, for the mastery of which and for the subsequent application of which in one of the areas of helping activities (treatment, rehabilitation, counseling, etc.), it is necessary to have the appropriate professional qualifications of a psychologist or psychotherapist and to undergo an appropriate additional education program.
Both in those and other countries, it is possible to use the supporting or developing potential of art not by professional art therapists, psychologists or psychotherapists, but, for example, by teachers, artists or representatives of other creative professions who have not completed special master's or post-master's training. However, their activities cannot be considered as a form of psychological or therapeutic assistance, but belongs to the field of art or education (for example, art education, special or remedial pedagogy or art pedagogy).
Referring to the existing definitions of art therapy and other areas of creative art therapy allows us to better understand their main content and purpose. According to the Resolution of the Russian Art Therapy Association, art therapy is characterized as “a system of psychological and psychophysical therapeutic and corrective influences based on clients / patients engaging in visual activities, building and developing therapeutic relationships. It can be used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, correction of impaired behavior and psychosocial maladjustment, rehabilitation of persons with mental and physical illnesses and psychosocial limitations, achieving more High Quality life and human development ”.
According to the definition of the American Art Therapy Association, art therapy is considered as a kind of " therapeutic use visual activity in the context of the professional relationship of an art therapist with people who have certain diseases, injuries or difficulties in mental adaptation, or those who strive for personal development. Through the creation of visual products and discussion of images and the process of their creation, they can come to a better understanding of themselves and others, cope with symptoms of illness and stress or the consequences of trauma, develop cognitive skills and arrive at a positive, life-affirming attitude ”(AATA, 2003, p. 3).
