The verbs Ser and Estar are the main linking words in Spanish, but they are often confused because both verbs are translated "to be". However, each of them carries a completely different meaning. In this lesson, we will analyze all the rules and features of using and.
First consider the conjugation of the verb Ser in
1. present tense:
3. in the past perfect tense
4. in the future tense
yo sere - I will | nosotros seremos - we will |
Use of the verb Ser
1. Description of constant quality, unchanged characteristics. Use Ser when you name a person and describe them.
— Yo soy Marta. - I'm Martha.
— El es Paco. He is Paco.
— Yo soy alto. - I'm tall.
Ellos son tranquilos. - They are calm.
— Mi hermana es inteligente. - My sister is smart.
2. Profession. Use Ser when you want to name a person's profession:
— Soy professor. - I am an educator.
— Ella era Camarera. - She was a waitress.
— Mi hijo sera actor. My son will be an actor.
— Somos estudiantes. - We are students.
3. Time. When you name the day of the week and the hour, use Ser:
— Hoy es jueves. - Today is Thursday.
—Mañana será el viernes. - Tomorrow is Friday.
— Es la una. - Now is the hour (01.00 or 13.00)
— Son las tres. - It's three o'clock.
Notice when you say "hour" you use es , and with all numbers greater than 1 you use son .
4. Place of birth, nationality, origin. When you say where someone is from, indicate their nationality, and also note what the thing is made of, use Ser:
— Soy de Italia. - I am from Italy.
— Eres de Argentina. You are from Argentina.
— Es aleman. - He is German.
— Son rusos. - They are Russians.
— La mesa es de madera. - Wood table.
— La cadena es de plata. - Silver chain.
5. Relationships, religions. If you want to indicate family ties and talk about your religion, use Ser:
— Juan es mi marido. Juan is my husband.
Anna es mi hermana. Anna is my sister.
— Soy católico. - I am Catholic.
— Soy orthodoxa. - I'm orthodox.
6. Price. Use Ser to ask for a price:
— ¿Cuánto es? - what is the price?
7. With the help of Ser describe the unchanged characteristics of objects. For example, age, color, size, quality.
— El bolso es grande. - The bag is big.
— La pelicula es buena. - The film is good.
— La casa es blanca. - The house is white.
— El coche es nuevo. - The car is new.
Consider examples of the use of Ser in a monologue and dialogues:
Daniel: Te presento a unos amigos: este es David. Es medico.
I introduce you to my friends: this is David. He is a doctor.
David y yo somos compañeros de trabajo.
David and I are work colleagues.
Esta es Natalia. Natalia es de Sevilla. Somos amigos.
This is Natalia. Natalia from Seville. We are friends.
Estos son Miguel y Alejandro. Son argentinos. Son actors.
This is Miguel and Alejandro. They are Argentines. They are actors.
Estas son Sandra y Monica. Son brasilenas. Son companñeras de class.
This is Sandra and Monica. They are Brazilian. They are classmates.
Petra: Buenos dias. - Good morning.
Pablo: ¿Quien eres? - Who are you?
Petra: Soy Petra, y tu? I'm Petra, and you?
Pablo: Soy Pablo. - I'm Pablo.
Petra: Y ella, ¿quien es? "And she, who is she?"
Pablo: Es Anna. Es mi amiga. - She is Anna. She is my friend.
Petra: ¿Qué eres? - What do you do for a living?
Pablo: Soy estudiante. ¿Y tu? - I'm a student, and you?
Petra: Soy medico. Y ella, ¿que es? - I am a doctor. And what is she doing?
Pablo: Es enfermera. - She is a nurse.
Petra: Encantada. - Very nice.
Pablo: Bueno, mucho gusto. – Mutually, very nice.
Peter: Hola! Soy Peter. Hi, I'm Peter.
Susana: Yo soy Susan. - I'm Susanna.
Peter: Encantado. Yo soy alemán, de Munich. ¿De donde eres? - Very nice. I am German, from Munich. Where are you from?
Susana: Soy inglesa, de Londres. I am English, from London.
Peter: ¿Son ellos tambien ingleses? Are they English too?
Susana: No, no son ingleses. Lucia es italiana, es de Roma. Raymond es americano, es de Florida. ¿Quien es nuestro profesor? No, they are not English. Lucia is Italian, she is from Rome. Raymond is American, he is from Florida. Who is our teacher?
Peter: El señor Garcia es nuestro profesor. “Mr. Garcia is our teacher.
Susana: ¿Cómo es el señor García? "Which Mr. Garcia?"
Peter: Es alto, moreno y muy simpatico. He is tall, dark and very friendly.
Susana: ¿Es español o sudamericano? Is he Hispanic or Latino?
Peter: Es español, de Madrid. He is Spanish, from Madrid.
Conjugation of the verb Estar
The verb Estar is translated not only as "to be", but also as "to be". We will use the second translation option for convenience.
1) in the present tense
3) in the past tense of the perfect form
4) in the future tense
yo estaré - I will be | nosotros estaremos - we will be |
Use of the verb Estar
1. Location. If you want to find out or indicate where an object or person is, use the verb Estar:
— Estoy en casa. - I'm home.
— ¿Donde está el libro? - Where is the book?
— La oficina está al lado del café. – The office is next to the cafe.
— ¿Dónde estas ahora? - Where are you now?
2. Temporary state. When you describe the state of a person or thing at a given moment, use the verb Estar:
— Estoy cansado. - I'm tired.
— Estabamos enfermos. - We were sick.
— ¿Por que estás nervioso? - Why are you nervous?
3. Action in the present moment. With Estar, you can emphasize that a certain action is taking place now. For this, the construction Estar and is constructed.
— Estamos Bailando. We are dancing now.
— ¿Con quien estás hablando? - Who are you talking to now?
— Estan trabajando. - They are working now.
4. Temperature. When you want to say how many degrees it is outside, use Estar in the plural and first person (we) and the preposition a:
— Estamos a 28 grados hoy. - It's 28 degrees today.
5. Days and months. To say a date, use the plural and first person Estar (we):
Consider examples of the use of Estar:
Julia: Entras y está el recibidor. El cuarto de bano está a la derecha. Uno de los dormitorios está al lado. El salon está en frente de la entrada. La cocina está al lado del comedor.
Julia: You come in and there is an entrance hall. The bathroom is on the right. One of the bedrooms is next. The hall is opposite the entrance. The kitchen is located next to the dining room.
La iglesia está en el centro. El teatro y el parque están a la derecha de la iglesia. Los bares y las tiendas están en la calle principal. Los hoteles están cerca de la playa.
The church stands in the center. The theater and park are to the right of the church. Bars and shops are located on the main street. The hotels are near the beach.
Difference between Ser y Estar
Note that SER and ESTAR completely change the meaning of the phrase when used with the same word. Let's look at a few examples:
es aburrido | he is boring | esta aburrido | He's bored |
es bueno | he is good | esta bueno | how delicious, how good! |
es cansado | he is boring | esta cansado | |
es grave | it is heavy (dangerous) | esta grave | he is seriously ill now |
es listo | esta listo | ||
es little | he is bad | esta malo | he doesn't feel well |
es orgulloso | he is proud | esta orgulloso | he is proud now |
es moreno | he is black | esta moreno | he is tanned |
es palido | he is pale | esta palido | he turned pale |
es pesado | he is heavy | esta pesado | he talks boring |
es rico | he is rich | esta rico | it is delicious |
es seguro | he is safe | esta seguro | he is sure |
es verde | he is green | esta verde | he is immature |
es viejo | he is old | está viejo | looks old and shabby |
es vivo | esta vivo |
Exercises
Do some exercises to practice the acquired knowledge
Verb ser to be, to be used:
1. to identify a person or object:
- ¿Quien es este muchacho? - Es mi hijo. - Who is this young man? - This is my son.
- ¿Qué es esto? - Es mi coche nuevo. - What is this? - This is my new car.
2. to indicate nationality, religion, belonging to any party:
- Antonio es mexicano. - Antonio is Mexican.
- Maria es católica. - Mary is a Catholic.
- ¿Es usted socialista? - No, no soy socialista, soy comunista. - Are you a socialist? - No, I'm not a socialist, I'm a communist.
3. to describe appearance (always with an adjective):
- Maria es alta y delgada. - Maria is tall and slim.
- Todos sus amigos son muy simpáticos. - All his friends are very nice.
4.For the description of shapes and colors:
- Es una mesa cuadrada. Es de color marron. - This table is square. He is brown.
- Mi coche es azul y el tuyo es rojo. - My car is blue and yours is red.
5. to indicate the profession:
- Soy traductora. - I am a translator.
- Juan es abogado. - Juan is a lawyer.
- Estas muchachas son enfermeras. - These girls are nurses.
6. to indicate the days of the week and hourly time:
- ¿Que dia es hoy? - Hoy es lunes. - What day is today? - Today is Monday.
- ¿Que hora es? - Son las dos y media. - What time is it now? - It's half past two.
7. to indicate the number of persons present or the presence of objects:
- Somos seis personas en la habitación. - There are six of us in the room.
- Son dos televisores. - These are two TVs.
8. to indicate the price:
- ¿Cuánto es? - Cien euros. - What is the price? - One hundred euro.
9. to indicate belonging, origin, material (with the preposition de):
- ¿De quien son estas gafas? - Son de mi abuela. - Whose glasses are these? - These are my grandmother's glasses.
- Antonio es de Mexico. - Antonio from Mexico.
- ¿Es usted de Madrid? - No, no soy de Madrid, soy de Barcelona. - Are you from Madrid? - No, I'm not from Madrid, I'm from Barcelona.
- En este palacio las escaleras son de marmol. - This palace has marble stairs.
10. in meaning take place, take place (tener lugar, ocurrir):
- La conferencia es en la Universidad. - The conference will take place at the university.
- El partido de fútbol es el sábado. - The football match will take place on Saturday.
11. verb ser serves to form a passive (passive) voice (see " Passive voice"):
- Gaudi es conocido por sus obras maestras de la arquitectura. - Gaudí is known for his architectural masterpieces.
verb estar (to be)
Verb estar to be, to be used:
1. to indicate the place where the object or person is located:
- El antiguo edificio de la Universidad está en el centro de Moscú. - The old university building is located in the center of Moscow.
- Pedro está ahora en el colegio. - Pedro is in college now.
2. to indicate the presence or absence of:
- ¿Esta el jefe? - Si, está en su despacho. - Is the boss at home? Yes, he is in his office.
- María no está, llame, por favor, dentro de una hora. - Maria is not here, please call in an hour.
3. to describe the state, well-being:
- ¿Como está usted? - Gracias, bien, ¿y usted? - How are you doing? - Thanks, good. And you?
- Hoy estoy mal. - Today I don't feel well.
4. to indicate marital status:
- Sus hijos ya estan casados. - Her sons are already married.
- Juan está soltero, tiene sólo veinte años. - Juan is not married yet, he is only twenty years old.
5. to indicate the date:
- ¿A cuantos estamos hoy? - Estamos a treinta de enero. - What is today's date? - Today is January 30th.
6. in a periphrase with the form of a gerund indicates a long-term action:
- Jose y yo estamos aprendiendo inglés. - José and I are learning English.
- La camarera está limpiando las habitaciones. - The maid cleans the rooms.
Verbs ser and estar with adjectives and participles
Verbs ser And estar often used with adjectives and participles.
Verb ser, when used with an adjective or participle, conveys a constant quality of an object or person:
- Tu madre es nerviosa. - Your mom is nervous.(trait)
- La tierra es seca. - The earth is dry.(always dry)
Verb estar, when used with an adjective or participle, conveys a temporary state or quality that may change:
- Tu madre está nerviosa. - Your mom is nervous.(At the moment)
- La tierra está seca. - The earth is dry.(no rain)
But in combination
- ser feliz, dichoso be happy
- ser infeliz, desgraciado be unhappy,
where states are expressed that can be temporary, the verb estar not used:
- Soy feliz, me ha tocado la loteria. - I'm happy, I won the lottery.
Some adjectives or participles change their meaning depending on their use with verbs. ser or estar:
| ser bueno to be kind | estar bueno to be healthy |
| ser malo to be angry | estar malo be ill |
| ser borracho be a drunkard | estar borracho be drunk |
| ser callado be secretive | estar callado be silent |
| Ser cerrado be closed | estar cerrado be closed(about the door) |
| Ser abiero to be honest | estar abierto to be open |
| ser cansado be pushy | estar cansado be tired |
| ser listo To be smart | estar listo be ready |
| ser verde be green | estar verde be immature |
| ser vivo be smart | estar vivo to be alive(not dead) |
| ser loco be crazy | estar loco be angry |
| ser rico to be rich | estar rico be tasty |
| Ser Muerto be boring | estar muerto be dead |
| Ser despierto be animated | estar despierto stay awake |
- Juan es muy callado, nunca habla de su vida personal. - Juan is very secretive, never talking about his personal life.
- Estás muy callado hoy, ¿qué te pasa? - You are very quiet today. What happened to you?
- Es una muchacha muy lista, habla tres idiomas extranjeros. - This is a very smart girl, she speaks three foreign languages.
- Tenemos que salir, ya es tarde, ¿estás listo? - It's getting late, it's time for us to leave. Are you ready?
- En verano todos los árboles son verdes. - In summer all the trees are green.
- No comas esas manzanas, estan verdes. - Do not eat these apples, they are unripe.
Read more
| ← |
The verb estar (to be) is one of the most important irregular verbs in Spanish, as it is used to express actions in various situations. Therefore, knowledge of the conjugation of estar in the present, past and future tenses, as well as the ability to use this verb correctly, is fundamental for understanding many Spanish expressions.
The difference between the use of the verbs estar and ser
The verb ser (to be) and the verb estar (to be) have fairly close meanings, however, unlike the verb ser, which describes actions that are permanent, estar is used to express temporary actions that occur at the current moment in time. For example: Marisol es mujer - Marisol is a woman (in this case, es is the third person singular in the present tense, it can be omitted when translated into Russian), that is, Marisol is a woman and always will be. And another example: Marisol está en su casa - Marisol is at home, that is, she is there now, and in an hour she can leave the house for the store.
This understanding of the differences in the use of ser and estar helps in dealing with more complex situations. For example, Marisol es pálida and Marisol está pálida, in the first case, it is said that Marisol has a pale skin color, and in the second case, that she has turned pale. Another example: Marisol es mala and Marisol está mal. The first sentence is translated as follows: Marisol is bad (evil and harmful), while the second sentence is translated as Marisol is sick.
Conjugation estar for tenses in the indicative mood
As an irregular verb, estar uses its own conjugation rules, different from those for verbs ending in -ar. For simple tenses of the present, past and future in the indicative mood, the conjugation of the verb estar has the form presented in the table.
| Time | I | You | he she | We | You | They |
| the present | estoy | estas | esta | estamos | estais | estan |
| past imperfect | estaba | estabas | estaba | estabamos | estabais | estaban |
| future | estare | estaras | estara | estaremos | estareis | estaran |
For example: Estoy en viaje - I am traveling. Javier estaba en viaje - Javier traveled. Estaremos en viaje en mes próximo - We will travel next month.
Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is used when the speaker wants to convey his desires, to express any dubious action that can occur when a certain condition is met. The conjugation of estar in the subjunctive for three tenses takes the form shown in the following table.
| Time | I | You | he she | We | You | They |
| the present | este | estes | este | estemos | esteis | esten |
| future | estuviere | estuvieres | estuviere | estuvieremos | estuviereis | estuvieren |
| past imperfect | estuviera | estuvieras | estuviera | estuvieramos | estuvierais | estuvieran |
To show how these conjugations are used in the subjunctive mood, we give the following examples:
- Ojalá estuvieres en su casa mañana - Perhaps you will be at his house tomorrow.
- Quienquiera que esté en el palacio será castigado con dos meses de prisión - Anyone who ends up in this castle will be punished with two months' imprisonment.
- Si yo estuviera en su lugar ayudaría a esta anciana - If I were in his place, I would help this old woman.
Imperative mood
This mood is used to convey an order or request to another person. The conjugation of estar in this mood is as follows:
- For the second person singular (you), the positive form is está, and the negative form is no estés.
- For the third person singular (you), the positive form is estad, and the negative form is no estéis.
Examples of using the conjugation estar in the imperative mood in Spanish:
- ¡Está felizmente enamorado! - Be happily in love!
- ¡No estés tan triste, por favor! - Don't be so sad, please!
- ¡Estad quietos, chicos! - Calm down, boys!
- ¡No estéis andando lejos de casa! - Do not go far from home!
Set expressions with estar
Since the verb estar is one of the main and frequently used in Spanish, there are many set expressions with it, which are recommended to be remembered in order to better understand colloquial speech. The following are the most common of these expressions:
- ¿Como estas? - How are you, how are you?
- Estamos de mudanza - We change our place of residence, we move.
- Estamos en otoño - We have autumn.
- Estoy que me caigo - I just fall off my feet from fatigue.
- No estoy para bromas - I'm not in the mood to joke.
- Ella está que estalla de satisfacción - She is about to explode with complacency.
- Ya está - so they say when they want to convey information that the job is done.
- ¿Estamos? - All clear?
- Estar de más - To be superfluous.
One of the most commonly used verbs in Spanish, estar, the verb meaning "to be", is irregular, meaning that it does not follow a common conjugation pattern.
The present indicative form of Estar
The present form of the verb Estar means that the verb expresses an action that is happening now or is current. Demonstrative means that the verb is a statement of fact. In Spanish it is called Presente Del Indicativo.
For example, "How can I tell if I I talk to the bot? "or Ó Cómo puedo saber si Estoy hablando con un bot? In English, the real indicative form of Estar is "I / am / am".
Preterite Indicative Estar
The preindicative form is used for past actions that are completed. In Spanish it is called preterito.
For example, "They We also in the family photo "translates to También estuvieron en la photo is familiar. In English Preterite the indicative form Estar is "were"
Imperfect indicative form Estar
The imperfect indicative form or Imperfecto Del Indicativo in Spanish is used to talk about a past action or state of existence without specifying when it started or ended.
It is often equivalent to "were" in English.
As an example: "He proposed marriage to her while they We on a rollercoaster" translates to Le propuso matrimonio mientras estaban en una montaña rusa. In English, the imperfect indicative form Estar is "were"
Future indicative form Estar
The future indicative form, or Futuro Del Indicativo in Spanish, is used to say what will or should happen. It means "will" in English.
For example, Creed lo que os digo, y estarais Seguros means "believe what I tell you, and you will safe."
Conditionally indicative form Estar
The conditional indicative form, or el conditional, is used to express probability, possibility, surprise, or conjecture, and is usually translated into English as if, could, should have, or probably.
For example, "Some of them would happy if the killer dies, "will translate to Algunos de ellos estarian Felice Si Muriera El Asesino.
Present subjunctive form Estar
The present subjunctive, or presentabjunctiva, functions much like the present indicative in tense, except that it refers to mood and is used in situations of doubt, desire, or emotion, and is usually subjective.
Use the present subjunctive when you want the subject to do something. You also use que with a pronoun and a verb.
For example, "I hope you are prepared ", it will be said, Espero que Estes preparation.
Imperfect Subjunctive Estar
The imperfect subjunctive, or imperfective, is used as a sentence describing something in the past, and is used in situations of doubt, desire, emotion, and usually subjectively.
For example, "If I We If I were you, I'd do the same 'meaning Si yo estuviera en tu lugar, haria lo mismo.
Imperative form Estar
The imperative, or imperativo in Spanish, is used to give commands or orders. As the person orders the others, the first person is not used.
For example, " Let's be ready when they arrive, "translates to Estemos Listing Quando Llegan.
Gerund form Estar
Gerund, or gerundio in Spanish, refers to the "-ing" form of the verb. In Spanish, the gerund functions more like an adverb. To form a gerund, as in English, all words have the same ending, in this case -ando. E star becomes estando.
For example, "This is what you should do while being pregnant, "translated as, Esto es lo qué debes hacer estando embarazada.
Communion of the Past Estar
The past participle corresponds to the English -en or -ed form of the verb. It is created by dropping -ar and adding -ado , the verb, estar, becomes estado .
For example, "We have was in your situation "translates as Hemos Estado en tu situationion.
Key takeaway
- Estar usually means "to be", so its conjugate forms have meanings such as "is", "was", "was", and "will be".
- Estar is conjugated irregularly. The form meaning "I am" becomes Estoy and some other forms take -tuv- in the final.
- The regular forms of Estar include a gerund and a past participle used to form compound tenses.
Now our task is to describe not only all kinds of objects around us, but also people in different faces. We can say The door is white, The houses are tall, but so far we lack a small amount of knowledge to make sentences like You are tall, We are Spaniards, You are smart. Knowledge of personal pronouns covered in the last section will also not be enough for this. You can't just add a pronoun to an adjective and say Tú alto or nosotros españoles - that would be a big mistake. In this case, it is imperative to use the verb to be - Ser.
Set expressions using the verb estar
Because all five conjugations are different, we don't need to include a pronoun unless we want or need clarification or emphasis. Think of it this way: Spanish conjugate verbs are two words in one. For this reason, Hispanics rarely use subject pronouns with their verbs. "Yo soya" means "I am". "Soya" means "I am". Only soy is shorter, so soy is what people say.
We'll cover all of this in another lesson! It means "to be" and is mostly used for. Identification and description Origin. . Spanish verbs have five conjugations, and each conjugation is two words in one. Ser is such an important verb. Remember this, just the same - tell them with me: "soy, ere, es, somos, son." Soy, ere, es, somos, son.
Note: While in Russian we do not say I am Russian, you are beautiful, in Spanish the verb ser (to be) must be required.
However, when making sentences, it is necessary to conjugate this verb correctly, that is, put it in the necessary forms, since the verb ser is modified in different persons.
Here are examples of correct sentences in different faces:
After watching this video, students should be able to. Differentiate infinitive and conjugated verbs Recognize three types of Spanish verbs. Explain why Spanish conjugate verbs should not be used with pronouns. List five conjugations of Spanish verbs. . We will also learn its basic meanings and expressions in which this verb can be used. It is usually the very first verb we learn to introduce ourselves and talk about citizenship, profession, and a host of other subjects.
Ser is a special verb in the sense that it is completely different in every tense, but also because of its many meanings and uses. Let's look at its conjugation first. All of them, with the exception of the second and third person singular, keep - from the stem.
Yo soy ruso - I'm Russian
Tú eres español - You are a Spaniard
Nosotros somos amigos - We are friends
As you can see from the examples, the verb ser has completely different forms in each person. Each form must be well remembered and be able to apply correctly. Below is a table with the conjugation of the verb ser, which you need to know by heart.
| yo-soy tu-eres el-es ella-es usted-es nosotros/as - somos vosotros/as-sois ellos - son ellas - son ustedes - son |
Yo soy Jose Tu eres medico El es americano Ella es americana Usted es professor Nosotros somos espanoles Vosotros sois estudiantes Ellos son amigos Ellas son amigas Ustedes son muy amables |
Translation of the forms of the verb ser and sentences can be viewed by moving the mouse cursor.
Let's look at how to conjugate ser in present simple tense with a useful table. When shaping the future in Spanish, we always take the infinitive and add endings that match each person. Let's take a look at its most common uses.
Let's look at our conjugations of ser in the future tense. To be or not to be? was Hamlet's clumsy question. The Spanish student must grapple with the like: "Which" to "use"? There are several examples in Spanish where one English word can be translated in two different ways in Spanish and the decision you make can affect the meaning of the sentence. On the other hand, translating from English to Spanish is much more difficult, as a decision must be made as to which of the two words to use.
As you can see, the well-known forms es and son are nothing more than the verb ser.
Say it yourself in Spanish:
I'm tall
We are Spaniards
You are beautiful
He is smart
They are good
you are a teacher
You are friends (vosotros)
She's Russian
Note: as a rule, in writing, the pronoun ustedes is abbreviated as Vd. , and ustedes - respectively Vds.
Before we start too much further, let's take a quick look at the conjugations of both verbs. So how do we decide which verb to use? Conditions can be the mental, emotional, or physical states of people, animals, and objects. Locations are pretty simple somewhere or someone is there. "Pepe and Pablo in my room."
In both of these situations, the specified condition is temporary. Supposedly Pepe and Pablo weren't always in my room and hopefully Emilia was always sick. It's a fancy way of saying something that's unlikely to change. "My car is yellow." This is unlikely to change. The car has probably been yellow for a while and will be yellow in the future. We didn't expect it to be tomorrow yet tomorrow. "Her brothers are very thin." Again, this is a state that we do not expect to change soon. When we think of these brothers, we think of them as thin and don't expect them to gain weight quickly.
A very important feature of the Spanish language, which distinguishes it from other languages, is that often personal pronouns are simply omitted, while verb forms indicate the person.
In other words, yo soy José can be shortened to soy José. And instead of tú eres médico, you can very often hear eres médico. Such sentences will be translated into Russian in the same way. In many cases, such forms will even be more preferable, since the Spaniards themselves are not very fond of overusing personal pronouns.
Ser and Estar: Differences in Meaning
Please note that in these examples it is possible that the characteristics have changed. It is unlikely that they will appear soon. It wouldn't be the rule if it didn't have an exception, right? "The Party at Alejandro's House". "Football games are in the stadium." Think about the meaning of "as taking place." Some adjectives will convey different meanings based on which verb they are associated with. It should be translated: "Apple is green", which means that the color of the apple is green.
This sentence should be translated something like this: "The apple is not ripe," which means that it still needs to ripen and turn red. Cards are very expensive. Kaires tou, Manuel? Soy agogado. All the present rules of time and estar apply to other times as well.
Soy italiano - I'm Italian
Somos amigos - We are friends
Es guapo - He is beautiful
Son atentos - They are attentive
Shorten the following sentences yourself:
Usted es medico
Tú eres joven
Yo soy princess
Ellos son malos
Questions and negatives
Interrogative and negative sentences are built according to the principle already known to us.
In direct questions, we either leave the direct word order or put the verb first.
It's already night here. with a preposition, to indicate purpose or finality. This car is for Gabriel. This machine is designed for boiling. Son 120 euros. How much does it cost? It's 120 euros. This ring is made of gold. This is a ring from Mary. This ring is from Peru.
- Felix and Raoul are big.
- Today is 10 o'clock.
¿Usted es medico? - ¿Es usted medico?
¿Ella es profesora? - ¿Es ella profesora?
With the reverse word order, the pronoun can be put at the end, its position in the sentence does not play a big role: ¿Es profesora ella?
The situation is even simpler with abbreviated sentences. Their word order will not differ from the affirmative.
Eres Marcos - ¿Eres Marcos?
Sois turistas o españoles - ¿Sois turistas o españoles?
This is the first verb we learn and without a doubt the most common of all. We learn almost immediately because through its use we can present ourselves and request information. In addition, the structure is simple, the verb is easily conjugated. In this lesson, we will talk about the verb in English, its conjugations in different grammatical tenses, its usage, as well as the problems that Latins give us that we have Spanish as our mother tongue. What is the verb?
It is a cumulative verb that expresses the state in which we use: - to indicate the person, place or thing - to describe the qualities of a person, place or thing - to indicate the state, state or location of a person, place or thing. The verb "to be" is considered the most versatile of the English language, with a constantly changing form. Considering we use it so often, it's a shame that a verb in English is the most irregular, slippery verb and gets confused in English in many cases.
Ask questions for the following sentences:
El es inteligente
usted es italiano
Eres profesora
Ellas son amigas
In negations, as we remember, the particle no must always be placed immediately before the verb:
Yo soy estudiante - Yo no soy estudiante
Nosotros no somos camareros - Nosotros no somos camareros
Put the sentences in the negative form:
Ella es Maria
soy russo
Vosotros sois footballistas
somos americanos
Usted es medico
As we know, in order to hide a verb, we have to do it based on 2 main things. The subject of the sentence and the verb tense. As you can see, the infinitive is like a rough diamond; is a raw verb. Using the infinitive in sentences and phrases has a different use, but that's part of a different lesson. General problems of the verb to be or to be in English. Although the rules seem easy to use, in practice, students have many problems using the verb. Remember that theory is one thing and practice is another. - Incorrect use of auxiliaries such as "do, do and do" with verbs that should be or be: One of the reasons we recognize a verb is its simplicity. For example, simple or past simple presenters are not used.
Practice the conjugation of the verb ser in practical exercises and be able to apply it in your Spanish speech.
Palabras nuevas
New words
Along with grammar, do not forget to replenish your vocabulary with new Spanish words
|
amigo - friend amable - kind However, the problem is that there are thousands of other verbs that use it, and this often leads us to misuse the verb form to be or to be in English, or that we use some kind of conjugation of the verb with other verbs, as in the following examples : - Where have you been? - Right: Where are you? - Don't use a verb if you want to translate from Spanish to English: remember that the verb to be or to be in English is just a verb. In Spanish, you can say "I'm hungry" using the verb "to have". However, in English, the verb "I'm hungry" is used. Another example is to translate the verb "agree" incorrectly to "I agree". Agree in English is another verb: agree. These are just some examples of how the verb to be or be in English makes it difficult for many students. It is best to practice depending on the translation and always focus on the correct communicative use. In this way, they can avoid many of the confusions that arise when a lot depends on a direct translation from Spanish into English. princess - princess moreno - swarthy rico - rich padres - parents simpatico - cute americano - American italiano - Italian alemán - German |
ingles - Englishman francés - French medico - doctor turista - tourist camarero - waiter abogado - lawyer arquitecto - architect piloto - pilot ingeniero - engineer The verb "to be" expresses the essential or permanent characteristics of a person or thing. This is an irregular verb, i.e. which does not follow the normal conjugation rules. In this article, we will see how to correctly combine the verb "to be" in Spanish. Unlike the verb "to be", which refers to a temporary state, the verb "to be" refers to the permanent state of existence of a person or thing. Check out the use of the verb "to be" in Spanish. The verb "to be" to identify people or thingsThis is my car. - This is my mother. Express essential or permanent characteristicsIndicate nationality, profession or ideology. Express data of days, dates, seasons and times. Today is Friday. Today is May 5th. It's autumn. -Time? To indicate the material, origin, or ownership of an object. This ring is silver. - This ring is from Daniela. - It's a ring from Mexico.football player |
Ejercicios
Exercises
Ejercicio 1
Fill in the gaps by putting Ser in the correct form
1. Yo ____________ inteligente;
2.
Nosotros ____________ italianos;
3.
Los padres de Julia ____________ ricos;
4.
El capitán ____________ viejo;
5.
Paco y yo ____________ jovenes;
6.
¿El señor y usted ____________ amigos?
7. Ana ____________ camerera;
8.
Pablo y tú ____________ muy guapos;
9.
Señora doctora, usted ____________ muy amable;
10.
Tú y yo ____________ estudiantes de español.
To express a quality or physical characteristic
She is good. The car is white.
Preterite or preterite
Future simple or imperfect future. Future perfect or future conjunction. Spanish courses for secondary school students. Translating the verb to be is one of the main difficulties in Spanish. However, these two verbs have different meanings in Latin American and they cannot be used for each other.Name, pronoun, numeral, infinitive, or purpose. . Before the verb in the infinitive.
- Icarus' dream was to fly.
- This statue is in bronze.
Ejercicio 2
Translate sentences from Russian into Spanish
1. I am a student;
2.
Are you a Spanish teacher?
3. We are Spaniards;
4. We are Spanish;
5.
You are waiters (vosotros);
6.
Elena is tall and swarthy;
7.
Federico and I are friends;
8.
These gentlemen are Americans;
9.
Señor Rodriguez, you are very kind;
10. Are they Germans?
My house is behind this building. . If the adjective expresses an essential quality. If the adjective indicates an accidental or exceptional state, a situation related to external circumstances. Among the most frequently encountered. The wounded man was taken to the hospital. . Auxiliary galleys are used for the construction of all difficult times.
- They were married in July.
- I have a red car.
- Thien dos germanos.
- He has two brothers, Tiens Quirinho.
- You have tenderness for her.
Ejercicio 3
Ask direct questions to the following sentences, imagining that you are talking to a Spaniard. That is, in some cases, you need to change the face. Remember that personal pronouns are often omitted in Spanish.
(Ellos) son americanos – ¿Son (ellos) americanos?
1.
Soy español - ¿_____________________________________?
2.
Ángela es médica – ¿_____________________________________?
3.
Carlos y Sandra son camareros - ¿_____________________________________?
4.
Somos arquitectos - ¿_____________________________________?
5.
Julia y tú sois amigos - ¿_____________________________________?
6. Señor González: Soy bastante viejo.
carlos: ¿_____________________________________?
7.
Eres muy inteligente - ¿_____________________________________?
Ejercicio 4
Put the sentences in the negative form
Soy ingeniero – No soy ingeniero
1. Julia es abogada -
2. Somos ingleses -
3. Sois amigos - _____________________________________;
4.
Mi papá y mi mama son jovenes – _____________________________________;
5.Vd. es professor de español _____________________________________;
6. Juan y tú sois pilotos - _____________________________________;
7.Vds. son franceses _____________________________________;
8. Soy Javier -
Ejercicio 5
Put the sentences into plural
Tú eres profesor – Vosotros sois profesores
1. Soy español - _____________________________________;
2. Él es muy simpatico - _____________________________________;
3. Ella es peluquera - _____________________________________;
4.
¿Eres estudiante de español? – _____________________________________;
5.Vd. es una persona important _____________________________________.
Ejercicio 6
Imagine that you are talking to a Spaniard. Answer his questions
¿Eres Carlos? – Si, soy Carlos
1. ¿Es Maria morena? -
2. Sois ingenieros? -
3. ¿Son pequeños los ninos? - Si, ___________________________________________;
4. ¿Es Vd. taxista? -
5. Son Vds. abogados? - No, ___________________________________________;
6. ¿Somos tú y yo amigos? - Si, ___________________________________________.
Palabras en el dialogo:
mira - look
mexicano - Mexican
un friki - freak
mas - more
musculoso - muscular
abuela - grandmother
First consider the conjugation of the verb Ser in
1. present tense:
3. in the past perfect tense
4. in the future tense
|
yo sere - I will |
nosotros seremos - we will |
Use of the verb Ser
1. Description of constant quality, unchanged characteristics. Use Ser when you name a person and describe them.
Yo soy Marta. - I'm Martha.
- El es Paco. - He's Paco.
Yo soy alto. - I'm tall.
Ellos son tranquilos. - They are calm.
Mi hermana es inteligente. - My sister is smart.
2. Profession. Use Ser when you want to name a person's profession:
soy professor. - I am an educator.
Ella era Camarera. - She was a waitress.
Mi hijo sera actor. - My son will be an actor.
Somos estudiantes. - We are students.
3. Time. When you name the day of the week and the hour, use Ser:
Hoy es jueves. - Today is Thursday.
Maina será el viernes. - Tomorrow is Friday.
Es la una. - Now is the hour (01.00 or 13.00)
Son las tres. - It's three o'clock.
Notice when you say "hour" you use es, and with all numbers greater than 1, you use son.
4. Place of birth, nationality, origin. When you say where someone is from, indicate their nationality, and also note what the thing is made of, use Ser:
Soy de Italia. - I am from Italy.
Eres de Argentina. - You're from Argentina.
Es aleman. - He is German.
Son rusos. - They are Russians.
La mesa es de madera. - Wooden table.
La cadena es de plata. - Silver chain.
5. Relationships, religions. If you want to indicate family ties and talk about your religion, use Ser:
Juan es mi marido. Juan is my husband.
Anna es mi germana. Anna is my sister.
Soy Catholico. - I am Catholic.
Soy orthodox. - I'm orthodox.
6. Price. Use Ser to ask for a price:
- ¿Cuánto es? - what is the price?
7. With the help of Ser describe the unchanged characteristics of objects. For example, age, color, size, quality.
El bolso es grande. - The bag is big.
Le pelicula es buena. - The film is good.
La casa es blanca. - The house is white.
El coche es nuevo. - The car is new.
Consider examples of the use of Ser in a monologue and dialogues:
Daniel: Te presento a unos amigos: este es David. Es medico.
I introduce you to my friends: this is David. He is a doctor.
David y yo somos compañeros de trabajo.
David and I are work colleagues.
Esta es Natalia. Natalia es de Sevilla. Somos amigos.
This is Natalia. Natalia from Seville. We are friends.
Estos son Miguel y Alejandro. Son argentinos. Son actors.
This is Miguel and Alejandro. They are Argentines. They are actors.
Estas son Sandra y Monica. Son brasilenas. Son companñeras de class.
This is Sandra and Monica. They are Brazilian. They are classmates.
Petra: Buenos dias. - Good morning.
Pablo: ¿Quien eres? - Who are you?
Petra: Soy Petra, y tu? I'm Petra, and you?
Pablo: Soy Pablo. - I'm Pablo.
Petra: Y ella, ¿quien es? "And she, who is she?"
Pablo: Es Anna. Es mi amiga. - She is Anna. She is my friend.
Petra: ¿Qué eres? - What do you do for a living?
Pablo: Soy estudiante. ¿Y tu? - I'm a student, and you?
Petra: Soy medico. Y ella, ¿que es? - I am a doctor. And what is she doing?
Pablo: Es enfermera. - She is a nurse.
Petra: Encantada. - Very nice.
Pablo: Bueno, mucho gusto. – Mutually, very nice.
Peter: Hola! Soy Peter. Hi, I'm Peter.
Susana: Yo soy Susan. - I'm Susanna.
Peter: Encantado. Yo soy alemán, de Munich. ¿De donde eres? - Very nice. I am German, from Munich. Where are you from?
Susana: Soy inglesa, de Londres. I am English, from London.
Peter: ¿Son ellos tambien ingleses? Are they English too?
Susana: No, no son ingleses. Lucia es italiana, es de Roma. Raymond es americano, es de Florida. ¿Quien es nuestro profesor? No, they are not English. Lucia is Italian, she is from Rome. Raymond is American, he is from Florida. Who is our teacher?
Peter: El señor Garcia es nuestro profesor. “Mr. Garcia is our teacher.
Susana: ¿Cómo es el señor García? "Which Mr. Garcia?"
Peter: Es alto, moreno y muy simpatico. He is tall, dark and very friendly.
Susana: ¿Es español o sudamericano? Is he Hispanic or Latino?
Peter: Es español, de Madrid. He is Spanish, from Madrid.
Conjugation of the verb Estar
The verb Estar is translated not only as "to be", but also as "to be". We will use the second translation option for convenience.
1) in the present tense
3) in the past tense of the perfect form
4) in the future tense
|
yo estaré - I will be |
nosotros estaremos - we will be |
Use of the verb Estar
1. Location. If you want to find out or indicate where an object or person is, use the verb Estar:
Estoy en casa. - I'm home.
- Donde está el libro? - Where is the book?
La oficina está al lado del café. – The office is next to the cafe.
- ¿Dónde estás ahora? - Where are you now?
2. Temporary state. When you describe the state of a person or thing at a given moment, use the verb Estar:
Estoy cansado. - I'm tired.
Estabamos enfermos. - We were sick.
- ¿Por que estás nervioso? - Why are you nervous?
3. Action in the present moment. With Estar, you can emphasize that a certain action is taking place now. For this, the construction Estar and is built.
Estamos Bailando. We are dancing now.
- ¿Con quien estás hablando? - Who are you talking to now?
Estan trabajando. - They are working now.
4. Temperature. When you want to say how many degrees it is outside, use Estar in the plural and first person (we) and the preposition a:
Estamos a 28 grados hoy. - It's 28 degrees today.
5. Days and months. To say a date, use the plural and first person Estar (we):
Consider examples of the use of Estar:
Julia: Entras y está el recibidor. El cuarto de bano está a la derecha. Uno de los dormitorios está al lado. El salon está en frente de la entrada. La cocina está al lado del comedor.
Julia: You come in and there is an entrance hall. The bathroom is on the right. One of the bedrooms is next. The hall is opposite the entrance. The kitchen is located next to the dining room.
La iglesia está en el centro. El teatro y el parque están a la derecha de la iglesia. Los bares y las tiendas están en la calle principal. Los hoteles están cerca de la playa.
The church stands in the center. The theater and park are to the right of the church. Bars and shops are located on the main street. The hotels are near the beach.
Difference between Ser y Estar
Note that SER and ESTAR completely change the meaning of the phrase when used with the same word. Let's look at a few examples:
|
es aburrido |
he is boring |
esta aburrido |
He's bored |
|
es bueno |
he is good |
esta bueno |
how delicious, how good! |
|
es cansado |
he is boring |
esta cansado |
|
|
es grave |
it is heavy (dangerous) |
esta grave |
he is seriously ill now |
|
es listo |
esta listo |
||
|
he is bad |
esta malo |
he doesn't feel well |
|
|
es orgulloso |
he is proud |
esta orgulloso |
he is proud now |
|
es moreno |
he is black |
esta moreno |
he is tanned |
|
es palido |
he is pale |
esta palido |
he turned pale |
|
es pesado |
he is heavy |
esta pesado |
he talks boring |
|
he is rich |
esta rico |
it is delicious |
|
|
es seguro |
he is safe |
esta seguro |
he is sure |
|
es verde |
he is green |
esta verde |
he is immature |
|
es viejo |
he is old |
está viejo |
looks old and shabby |
|
esta vivo |
Exercises
Do some exercises to practice the acquired knowledge
