How much electricity do you think household appliances use in your home and what consumes more electricity? We offer you a list of various electrical appliances with an indication of their approximate power in watts, which will help you calculate the electricity consumed.
Power consumption is one of the main characteristics of electrical appliances. Therefore, on any electrical appliance or in the instructions for it, there must be accurate information about the number of watts required for its operation.
Of course, the amount of electricity consumed can vary. For example, the amount of power consumed by a computer depends on the capacity of the power supply and the workload of the computer. In the case of a refrigerator, it depends on its volume and the amount of food stored in it, and with a washing machine, on the washing mode, set temperature, weight of laundry, etc. The rating below shows the approximate power of household appliances in descending order:
| 1. Electric oven - 17,221 watts 2. Central air conditioner - 5000 watts 3. Dryer for linen and clothes - 3400 watts 4. Electric oven - 2300 watts 5. Dishwasher - 1800 watts 6. Hair dryer - 1538 watts 7. Heater - 1500 watts 8. Coffee maker - 1500 watts 9. Microwave - 1500 watts 10. Popcorn Maker - 1400 Watts 11. Toaster oven (ram toaster) - 1200 watts 12. Iron - 1100 watts 13. Toaster - 1100 watts 14. Room air conditioner - 1000 watts 15. Electric cooker - 1000 watts 16. Vacuum cleaner - 650 watts 17. Water heater - 479 watts 18. Washing machine - 425 watts 19. Espresso coffee maker (espresso machine) - 360 watts 20. Air dryer - 350 watts 21. Plasma TV - 339 watts 22. Blender - 300 watts 23. Freezer - 273 watts 24. Liquid crystal television (LCD) - 213 watts 25. Game console - 195 watts 26. Refrigerator - 188 watts 27. Conventional TV (CRT) - 150 watts | 28. Monitor - 150 watts 29. Computer (power supply) - 120 watts 30. Portable fan - 100W 31. Electric blanket - 100 W 32. Stationary mixer - 100 W 33. Electric can opener - 100W 34. Hair curler - 90 W 35. Ceiling fan - 75 W 36. Humidifier - 75 W 37. Incandescent lamp (60-watt) - 60 W 38. Stereo system - 60 W 39. Laptop - 50 W 40. Printer - 45 W 41. Digital Video Recorder (DVR) - 33 W 42. Aquarium - 30 W 43. Cable box - 20W 44. Compact fluorescent lamp (energy saving lamp), equivalent to 60-watt - 18 W 45. DVD player - 17 W 46. Satellite dish - 15 W 47. VCR - 11 W 48. Radio clock - 10 W 49. Portable stereo system (boombox) - 7 W 50. Wireless Wi-Fi router - 7 W 51. Charging for a mobile phone - 4 W 52. Cordless phone - 3 W 53. Answering machine - 1 W |
The total power of household appliances is 47,782 W or 47.782 kW.
Given these data, 1000 watt-hours (or 1 kilowatt-hour) is enough to:| 1. Get 60,000 messages on your autoresponder 2. Open 7200 cans with an electric can opener 3. Listen to 2143 songs on portable stereo tape recorder 4. Print 1333 pages on the printer 5. Prepare 400 cocktails in a blender 6. Knead with a mixer 300 servings of dough 7. Charge your mobile phone 278 times 8. Listen to 250 songs through your stereo 9. Make 100 toasts in the toaster oven 10. Make 67 hairstyles with a hair curler 11. Cook 36 croutons in a toaster 12. Talk on the phone for 15 days 13. Use wireless wifi router 6 days 14. Use clock radio for 4 days 15. Record 45 movies on a VCR 16. Use a satellite dish for 67 hours 17. Watch 29 movies on a DVD player 18. Use an energy-saving light bulb for 56 hours 19. Use cable box 50 hours 20. Use the aquarium for 33 hours 21. Use digital video recorder (DVR) 30 hours 22. Use a laptop for 20 hours 23. Use a 60-watt incandescent bulb for 17 hours 24. Use a humidifier for 13 hours 25. Use a ceiling fan for 13 hours 26. Use an electric blanket 1 night 27. Use portable fan 10 hours | 28. Use a computer (system unit) 8 hours 29. Use monitor for 7 hours 30. Watch 13 episodes of a sitcom on CRT TV 31. Watch 9 episodes of the sitcom on LCD TV 32. Use refrigerator for 5 hours 33. Use a game console for 5 hours 34. Use a dehumidifier for 3 hours 35. Watch 6 episodes of a sitcom on a plasma TV 36. Use the freezer for 4 hours 37. Microwave 13 meals 38. Make an espresso with espresso machines 11 times 39. Iron 5 shirts 40. Make 4 hairstyles with a hair dryer 41. Make 4 bags of popcorn in a popcorn machine 42. Wash clothes in the washing machine 3 times 43. Brew coffee in a coffee maker 3 times 44. Use a water heater for 2 hours 45. Cook 2 meals on the electric stove 46. Vacuum for an hour and a half 47. Use room air conditioner for 1 hour 48. Use the heater for 40 minutes 49. Bake 1 cupcakes in the oven 50. Use central air conditioner for 12 minutes 51. Use the electric oven for 3 minutes 52. Use the dryer for 18 minutes (enough for 0.4 full drying cycle) 53. Use the dishwasher for 33 minutes (enough for 0.3 machine cycles) |
I note that watt (kilowatt) and watt-hour (kilowatt-hour) are two different units of measurement and they refer to different physical quantities. Due to similar names, these concepts are often confused in everyday use, especially when it comes to electrical appliances. In watts (W) and kilowatts (kW), power is measured, that is, the amount of energy consumed by the device per unit of time. A watt hour (Wh) or kilowatt hour (kWh) is a unit of measure for the energy produced or work done by an electrical appliance and is used primarily to measure household or economic electricity consumption. These two quantities are related as follows. If a 1000 watt air conditioner worked for 1 hour, it required 1000 watt hours (or 1 kilowatt hour) to run. A 1-watt answering machine will consume the same amount of power in 1000 hours.
100 ways to save electricity at home
The largest German energy company E.ON has proposed some ways and methods to save electricity, applicable for domestic use within your home or apartment. They will help us reduce emissions of harmful combustion products and save our money. So, 100 tips on how to save energy.
Kitchen
1. Size matters - never put a small pan on a large burner - it's a waste of energy and money.
2. Always cover the pot when cooking - this will save cooking time.
3. Use the inner ring of the burner if you have double burners on the stove - the dish will cook at the same speed, but with less energy.
4. Make sure your gas stove is set to the correct gas flow rate - if the flame goes up too much, you can save money here by reducing the flow rate.
5. Finely chopped foods cook faster and therefore more economically.
6. Start using the steamer - You can cook several dishes at the same time using only one heat source.
7. Use energy efficient kettles to boil water.
8. Regularly descale the kettle - not only is it harmful, but it also forces you to apply more heat to boil the same volume of water.
9. Don't delay - many modern stoves have blower fans, thanks to which the heating process goes faster.
10. Use the entire space of your stove - you can cook at the same time what you then only need to defrost.
11. Use an electric toaster - it will cook you toast faster and more economically than any other appliance.
12. Use air fryers - they are safer and more economical than cooking on the stove.
13. Try a pressure cooker - it cooks faster thanks to the higher temperatures and pressures inside the pot.
14. Use a slowcooker - you can cook the whole dish in it.
15. If you're looking for a new stove, try an inductive one. They are more efficient, easier to clean and manage.
16. Grill if possible - this speeds up the cooking process and preserves the usefulness of the products.
17. Try not to simmer.
18. Keep the glass of your stove clean - this will allow you to control the degree of readiness of the dish without opening the door, thus not releasing precious heat from the oven.
19. Use microwave ovens - they work quickly, efficiently and economically. 
Lighting
20. Use energy efficient light bulbs - they last 10 times longer and save you a lot of money in the end.
21. Use fluorescent lights in the kitchen - they last longer.
22. When leaving the room - turn off the light, you lose money, leaving the light on where it is not needed.
23. Equip the lights in the entrance and on the flights of stairs with motion sensors - this will allow them to be used only for their intended purpose.
24. Try low wattage light bulbs - they will give you enough light but will cost less and use less.
25. Find an opportunity to install automatic switches for TV, computer and laptop.
26. Don't leave your TVs, DVD players or computers on stand-by, it wastes your energy and therefore money!
27. Do not leave or forget electrical devices on charge for more than is necessary to fully charge the battery.
28. Use photovoltaic lights for your yard, they don't use electricity. 
Heat supply
29. Install a thermostatic valve on your radiator and you will be able to regulate the amount of coolant you consume.
30. Reducing the thermostat set temperature by 1°C throughout the house will save up to 10% on heat bills.
31. Use window vents to ventilate, don't open windows - you're wasting heat you pay for.
32. Avoid installing heaters in drafts.
33. Use a "warm floor" heating system to save central heating.
34. Do not use heaters when you are not in the room.
35. Heat water with an electric boiler, it will be very economical.
36. Choose the size of the heater according to the size of the room, you should not be cold or hot.
37. Do not cover heaters with clothing or furniture - this makes them less effective.
38. Avoid overheating at home at night while sleeping - a blanket will create comfort for you.
39. Don't forget to check your heating system annually - this will help you make sure it is working efficiently.
40. Bleed air from heaters (batteries) with hot water - this will allow the coolant to circulate fully.
41. Geysers lose their effectiveness after 15 years of operation - consider replacing outdated equipment.
42. When replacing the boiler, you should also change the entire control system.
43. Leave the interior doors open - this will allow you to evenly distribute heat throughout the volume due to natural circulation. 
Hot water
44. Try washing your hands in cold water - it saves a lot of hot water.
45. If you take a bath - choose the optimal degree of filling.
46. Install the sensor on a hot water faucet - water will flow only when hands are brought to the faucet.
47. Use a dishwashing bowl in the kitchen - this way you will use much less hot water.
48. Shower instead of bath - A full bath uses three times as much water as a full shower.
49. Use thermal insulation on open hot water pipes - this will save heat and protect them from destruction.
50. Boil water in an electric kettle if you need a small amount of hot water.
51. Sufficient temperature for hot water - +60°C, all sanitary standards will be met.
52. Don't forget to turn off the taps when not in use, this will ensure that there is no water loss.
53. Install thermostatic sensors on your hot water system.
54. Consider using a solar hot water system - it starts to pay off from the first day of operation.
55. Install meters for hot and cold water - this will allow you to visually study the effectiveness of your savings measures.
56. If you leave - turn off the taps with hot and cold water, your house and wallet will be safe.
57. Replace dripping faucets - You lose a lot of water and nerves a year.
58. Remember - to prepare hot water in the boiler room, you need to burn natural gas, which is in short supply, and its combustion products destroy the environment.
59. Insulate hot water pipes throughout your home and insulate tanks. 
Insulation
60. Insulate the attic with mineral wool - it is estimated that 25% of the heat from the house is lost through the roof!
61. Do not forget about the insulation of the hatch to the attic.
62. Use an insulator spray on hard-to-reach places, such as hot water pipes entering and exiting, to protect them from cooling. Don't forget to use a mask.
63. 33% of heat is lost through walls that are not properly insulated.
64. Use extruded polystyrene foam or its modern counterparts.
65. Comfortable and thick carpet will create a cozy atmosphere and minimize losses through the floor.
66. Optimum insulation thickness for mineral wool is 250 mm. This is a real path to energy efficiency and comfort.
67. Eliminate drafts!
68. Consider replacing windows with modern, energy efficient ones. Double glazing will reduce losses through window openings.
69. Install new windows flush with the outer wall of the house - this will eliminate the "cold bridges". 
70. Use duct tape for old windows - it's still cheap and effective.
71. When it's cold outside - close the curtains - this will save heat inside the house.
72. Keep windows and doors closed - this will keep the heat inside.
73. Initiate the installation of a thermal energy consumption metering unit for each consumer - this will allow you to see the real result of your energy saving work.
74. Think about upgrading the ventilation system - this will allow you not to open windows for ventilation.
75. Recovering waste heat from the ventilation system and returning it to the room is a real way to save money.
76. The door to the outside of the house or apartment should be insulated from drafts and heat leaks. 
Cold is also energy
77. Keep the back of the refrigerator and freezer clean - this is the most important rule.
78. Do not overload the refrigerator - cold air must circulate, and clutter will prevent this.
79. Try to leave a quarter of the space in the refrigerator free - this will enable it to work efficiently.
80. Keep refrigerator and freezer doors tightly closed.
81. Keep your refrigerator away from stoves, heaters and direct sunlight. You can't deceive the laws of physics - the warm will warm the cold.
82. Replace the refrigerator with a more modern - energy efficient model of the "A" series. 
83. Do not keep the door open longer than necessary. You lose the cold, which means it will have to be generated again with the help of electricity.
84. Put a thermometer in your refrigerator - the optimum temperature is 0-5°C.
85. Allow hot food to cool before putting it in the refrigerator. Hot food will make the refrigerator work harder.
86. Defrost your freezer regularly. Ice thickness greater than 6 mm contributes to inefficient operation of the freezer.
87. Be careful when throwing away old refrigerators - for sure you will be able to help with this where you get a new one. 
economical cleanliness
88. Do not use the dishwasher until it is completely full. So you will save.
89. Choose the dimensions of all appliances adequately to the size of your home.
90. Try cold washing. 85% of the washing energy is spent on heating the water to the set temperature.
91. Do not forget hand washing - this will save the quality of your clothes and your money.
92. Try just wringing or drying clothes outside the washing machine - this will save a lot of energy.
93. An imperceptible difference of 10 ° C in the washing mode will really save money.
94. Use the "economical" mode when operating any home appliances.
95. Use a clothes dryer - You will get the same result, but cheaper.
96. Heating radiators for heating, not drying clothes.
97. When buying new appliances, pay attention to the energy efficiency rating. Search with index "A".
98. Descale your washing machine, this will extend its life and improve the quality of work.
99. Promoting energy efficiency among your friends and colleagues is a real path to change.
100. Count how much energy you have saved. It can always be converted into money, oxygen or improved quality of life!
Be sure to try "check for yourself" some of the items listed. You will be very surprised, but it really works! And having learned to save on "little things", you will soon feel real savings on the family budget. 
With the constant growth of tariffs for electricity, the question of the possibility of saving it, and, accordingly, reducing the cost of payment, becomes more and more urgent. This is achieved in many ways. The most common ways to save energy are those associated with new technologies. Much is known and written about them.
However, there are such opportunities and methods that do not require special knowledge and high costs. They can help you, but subject to the simplest rules of energy consumption culture. Let's consider it in this article.
In public areas
In this case, many see the solution to the problem in the installation of energy-saving lamps and motion sensors on the landings and in the basement. However, the price of the issue with the cost of installing equipment can be quite high.
A simple way is that a semiconductor diode (300V, 3A) is placed in the gap of the wire intended for lighting the entrance and basement. All this simple work will take about five minutes.
The diode (for example, 1N5404) is sized to fit easily into the switch housing. The price of the diode is minimal. Only one half-wave of voltage in the network passes through the diode. At the same time, the voltage on the incandescent lamps drops, and, accordingly, the power consumed by them decreases, and the service life increases sharply.
On the kitchen
When using, there is no need to fill it to the brim before boiling water. Pour as much as you need now. Other family members will still warm it up again. And this is an extra waste of electricity. The kettle has a power of 1.5-2 kW. This is quite significant in the monthly consumption of electricity.
If you use an electric stove, then you need to know that using dishes whose dimensions do not match the size of the stove, you can lose five to ten percent of energy. Up to 40-60 percent is lost when using dishes with a curved bottom. So, the size of the dishes should be the same as the diameter of the burner and have a flat bottom.
The rapid evaporation of water when it is boiled increases the time it takes to cook food by thirty percent. When the liquid boils, reduce the power.
When washing
Before washing, carefully read the instructions for using the washing machine. The fact is that not all machines, at partial load, select the right amount of water. The higher the washing temperature and the amount of water, the more energy the machine consumes. In the event of an incomplete load, the machine will use up to 15 percent of energy, and with an incorrectly selected program, losses will amount to thirty percent.
Energy-saving lighting devices in the apartment
As a rule, in apartments with long corridors, as well as in kitchens, the light is always on. Here, first of all, you should replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps. They have a warranty of at least a year. During this time, such lamps will fully pay for themselves, and even, perhaps, will become one of the budget savings. The power of a 14 W lamp is approximately equal to 60 W of an incandescent lamp. Here only try to choose lamps of known firms.
The use of light ceilings and wallpapers, light transparent curtains, a small amount of flowers and furniture in the room can significantly reduce power consumption. Don't neglect natural light.
When using a refrigerator
When buying new household electrical appliances, try to purchase category A products. They are designed to be energy efficient even during design.
As for refrigerators, it is advisable to place them in a cool and dark place in the apartment. If you have purchased a two-compressor refrigerator and one of the refrigerators is not in use, then it is better to turn off its compressor. As a rule, automation should allow this.
When ironing clothes
Do not overdry the laundry, as this requires a hotter iron and more time. You can apply one "trick" that will reduce costs - this is to use aluminum foil, which is placed under the fabric of the ironing board. The foil does not allow thermal energy to dissipate, but concentrates it in the fabric to be ironed.
When cleaning the apartment
When using a vacuum cleaner, try to throw the trash out of the container more often, change or rinse the air filters. Excessive aerodynamic drag can lead to overheating of the engine and a sharp increase in electricity consumption. For example, filling a container with garbage by 30 percent increases energy consumption by 40-50 percent.
When the standby mode of the electronics is turned off
Almost no one thinks that the so-called is the "absorber" of your money. Just an example: a video player in standby mode takes 4 watts, a music center 8 watts, and a TV with a diagonal of 54 cm 9 watts.
Look at your electrical appliances. Do they all need standby mode? It's not hard to press the on/off buttons. In addition, with the always-on mode, an accident may occur, and then you will lose everything.
When disconnecting mobile phone chargers
Naturally, the losses from always-on chargers to the outlet are not large compared to other household appliances. However, they are switching power supplies, and such devices should not work without load. If a mobile phone, laptop or player is not connected to them, then such devices can overheat, fail and cause a fire!
Computer
If you are temporarily not using a computer, for example, you have gone to study or work, then it is advisable to turn it off. Thus, you will extend the life and reduce energy consumption. In addition, no one will be able to use your data and developments in your absence. The computer will be powerless.
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conclusions
Try to use the above tips, and you can save your money, nerves and effort. Perhaps there are other ways to save electricity in everyday life. Look for them, find out from your friends and relatives.
There are three ways to reduce electricity consumption:
1. Exclusion of irrational use of electricity;
2. Elimination of electricity losses;
3. Increasing the efficiency of using electricity.
These methods are applicable to reducing electricity consumption both for the population using electricity for domestic needs, and for organizations and enterprises.
Ways to save electricity and increase the energy efficiency of its use for the population:
The most energy-consuming devices in the house and apartment are: an electric stove, a washing machine, a refrigerator, an electric kettle, an iron and, oddly enough, a desktop computer. Therefore, tips for saving energy when using these and other household appliances are of the utmost importance.
So, first of all, think about purchasing two-tariff electricity meters, which allow you to save electricity due to the possibility of using night and day tariffs for energy consumption, which is much more profitable than the common average tariff.
Try not to install a refrigerator near radiators or a stove, and also do not put warm food in it. Failure to follow these rules will lead to unnecessary energy waste due to increased operation of the refrigerator. Do not forget that frost on the walls of the refrigerator and freezer also increases energy consumption by 15-20 percent.
Get into the habit: after turning off your home electronics with the On / Off button, also remove the plug from the outlet. Most appliances continue to consume a certain amount of power even when in standby mode. Switching off unused devices from the network (for example, TV, music center, etc.) will reduce electricity consumption by an average of 300 kW / h per year.
An effective way to save energy when using a washing machine is to reduce the frequency of washing. Incomplete or excessive loading of the washing machine should be avoided: energy consumption in this case can be 10-15%.
If you still have to wash daily (for example, you have a small child), then if you have a two-rate electricity meter, do not forget to use the "delayed wash" function to wash at night at the minimum rate. When using the washing machine, please also note that reducing the temperature and duration of the wash (short programmes) also reduces energy costs.
Lighting. In places that do not require frequent switching on and off, gradually replace ordinary incandescent lamps in the apartment with energy-saving ones. The cost of electricity for lighting will be reduced by at least 2 times. The costs will pay off in less than a year. (A modern energy-saving lamp lasts 10 thousand hours, while an incandescent lamp lasts an average of 1.5 thousand hours, i.e. 6-7 times less).
In addition, learn how to make the most of the zonal lighting of your apartments and houses. What it is? These are table lamps, bedside lamps, wall sconces and floor lamps. That is, light sources that illuminate only part of the room. For example, when reading, it is not necessary to turn on a large chandelier with 3 hundred-watt lamps; a table or bedside lamp with a 40-60 watt lamp is enough.
Computer. For information: the average computer consumes 350 watts per hour. That is, like 3-4 hundred-watt incandescent lamps. And some have desktop computers that work around the clock. Set a rule for yourself - moving away from the computer for more than 20 minutes, put it into "sleep mode". This is equivalent to turning off the lights in two rooms (after all, do you turn off the lights?).
While the CD / DVD drive in your computer or laptop, the power consumption increases significantly. Avoid watching movies or listening to music directly from CDs. Copy the files to your computer's memory and run them from there.
A mobile phone charger left plugged in gets hot even if the phone is not there. This is because the device still consumes electricity and it is wasted.
For owners of electric stoves: to save electricity on electric stoves, you need to use dishes with a bottom that is equal to the diameter of the burner or slightly exceeds it. Crockery with a curved bottom can lead to energy waste up to 40-60%. In order to boil 1 liter of water in an electric kettle, you need two times less electricity than if you boil water on an electric stove. That is, it makes sense, before cooking food, boil the right amount of water in an electric kettle, and then pour the water into a saucepan on the stove. This not only saves energy, but also time.
At the same time, you should not boil one and a half liters of water in an electric kettle if you only want to drink a cup of tea. Boil as much as you need, while not forgetting to remove scale from the kettle in a timely manner. Scale has a low thermal conductivity, so the water in the dishes with scale heats up more slowly, which leads to additional energy consumption.
Also check your cast iron pans. Soot on the bottom of such a pan increases the amount of energy needed to heat it by 30-50 percent.
A special place in the exclusion of the irrational use of energy resources, namely electricity, is occupied by the use of various types of heaters in winter. If you have ordinary windows in your apartment or house, it is enough to insulate these windows well. The need for additional heating will decrease sharply, which means that energy consumption will also decrease. Radiators will effectively heat the room if heat-reflecting screens are installed behind them and not covered with thick curtains or decorative panels.
Question 4. What is Primary Energy Resources? Give their classification and indicate the trends in their use.
Primary energy resources in power engineering are
The energy of the forces of nature of the Earth (including solar radiation),
The biomass that forms on Earth
Mineral combustible substances accumulated in the bowels of the Earth,
The chemical elements that make up the Earth's crust are suitable for generating nuclear energy.
This takes into account only those resources that are available to mankind for technical use. Most of the energy resources currently used (deferred
over millions of years in the bowels of the Earth, fossil fuels and the source materials for obtaining nuclear fuel that are part of the Earth's crust) are not renewable and may be exhausted in the near or more distant future. Peat also belongs to non-renewable resources, since
its production in many peat extraction sites is not replenished by the rate of its formation.
To a lesser extent, humanity uses renewable energy resources, which include hydropower, wind energy and biomass used as fuel (wood, organic waste, etc.). Geothermal energy is also considered renewable, although the amount of radioactive substances in the composition of the Earth is a finite value. The solar energy received by the Earth should also be considered renewable, since over the next billion years a significant
no change in the intensity of solar radiation is expected. The most significant data characterizing non-renewable energy resources are presented in the table 2.1.1 . They are based mainly on the materials given in the Energy Statistical Yearbook
United Nations 2004. Data on estimated additional reserves are somewhat lower than previously thought. Only those reserves are taken into account, the development of which is possible with acceptable costs. All types of fuel extracted from the bowels of the Earth are reduced to conditional coal; The following conversion factors have been used:
Hard coal - 1.0 tce/t,
Brown coal – 0.60 tce/t,
Oil (including oil extracted from bituminous sands) – 1.43 tce/t,
Natural gas - 1.14 tce per 1000 m3,
Peat - 0.50 tce / t,
Oil shale - 0.31 tce/t.
When estimating the energy content of uranium, the energy content obtained in real
nuclear reactors, the amount of thermal energy per unit mass of natural
uranium (22 tce of energy per 1 kg of uranium).
……………………
Primary energy resources- these are natural resources that have not been processed or converted: crude oil, natural gas, coal, oil shale, river and sea water, geysers, wind, etc.
In turn, primary resources (or types of energy) are divided into renewable and non-renewable. Non-renewable energy sources- this is, of course, the reserves of substances created and accumulated in the bowels of the planet, capable of releasing the energy contained in them under certain conditions. These are fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, peat, oil shale), nuclear fuel. Renewable energy sources- those whose restoration is constantly carried out in nature (solar radiation, biomass, wind, water of rivers and oceans, geysers, etc.), and which exist on the basis of constant or periodically occurring energy flows in nature, for example: solar radiation (biomass , energy of the sun, wind, waves); gravitational interaction of the Sun, the Moon and the Earth (the consequence of which is, for example, sea tides); thermal energy of the Earth's core, as well as chemical reactions and radioactive decay in its depths (geothermal energy of hot water sources - geysers). In addition to natural sources of renewable energy resources, anthropogenic sources, which include thermal, organic and other wastes of human activities, are becoming increasingly important.
Different types of energy resources have different quality, for fuel it is characterized by calorific value, that is, how much energy (heat) this source can emit.
2. Renewable energy resources, their characteristics
The advantage of such energy sources is that they will last for millions or even billions of years, they do not harm nature.
According to the classification of the International Energy Agency, renewable energy sources include the following categories:
Renewable Energy Sources (RPE) that are combusted and waste biomass:
Solid biomass and animal products: biomass, including any material of plant origin used directly as a fuel or converted into other forms before combustion (wood, vegetable waste and animal waste; charcoal, which is obtained from solid biomass);
Gas/liquid from biomass: biogas obtained from the anaerobic fermentation of biomass and solid waste, which is burned to produce electricity and heat;
Municipal waste: materials that are burned to generate heat and electricity (waste from the residential, commercial and public sectors). Disposed of by municipal authorities for the purpose of centralized destruction;
Energy prices rise periodically, so the question of how to save electricity sounds particularly relevant today. Each modern apartment has a mass of electrical household appliances: TVs, computers, multicookers, microwave ovens, washing machines, electric kettles, water heaters, etc.
All these things are created with the aim of facilitating the work of a person, and it is necessary to pay for the benefits. So we are paying with a huge consumption of electricity, which seriously affects the family budget.
There are various ways to save energy. In principle, they are not difficult, but they should be applied daily - only then you will feel their effectiveness. Here are some actionable tips for you.
Develop the habit of turning off the lights when you leave the room for a long time. When leaving home, unplug all household appliances, except for the refrigerator. Each device in standby mode consumes a little electricity, but all together for a month they can “wind” a decent amount. The same applies to chargers from a camera, phone, player that are plugged into the outlet, when charging devices are not connected to them.
2. Use energy-saving lamps
Replacing conventional lamps with energy-saving ones is an excellent energy saving in the apartment. Since such bulbs practically do not heat up, all the energy expended by them is spent on lighting. Compared to a conventional incandescent lamp, an energy-saving lamp consumes six times less electricity. The service life of these lamps reaches three years.
3. Use an energy-saving device
The energy-saving device is an innovative device that filters the supply voltage, it improves the efficiency, increases the power factor of the electricity consumed by electrical appliances in the apartment. Such an energy saver is designed to reduce electricity losses in apartments and houses. Optimization of electricity consumption can significantly reduce the heating of conductors, which reduces losses in the transmission of electricity and stabilizes the operation of the equipment.
The energy-saving device allows you to save electricity by 15-45%. It is enough to plug it into the outlet next to the counter, and he will do the rest himself. You can learn more about this device in the next article on.
Order an energy-saving device for a promotion
4. Keep your lighting fixtures clean
Thinking about the question of how to save light in an apartment, few people guess to wipe the light bulbs. But the dust covering the lamp eats up to 20% of the light. In addition, do not forget about the ceiling lamps. Unfortunately, few adhere to this rule and are in a hurry to replace a dimmed light bulb with a more powerful one.
5. Buy energy efficient appliances
Energy-saving appliances include modern class A household appliances. These devices consume electricity much less than any other. Moreover, the difference can be significant and amount to 50 percent. Some manufacturers produce equipment marked A + and A ++. The energy-saving capabilities of these devices are even higher.
6. Use the kettle correctly
Many mindlessly use an electric kettle, but it consumes a lot of electricity (2-3 kW). Try to follow simple rules: pour the required amount of water into the kettle. Descale your kettle regularly, as scaled pots take longer to heat up water and use more electricity. If possible, boil water for tea on a gas stove - it's much cheaper.
7. Pay attention to the operation of the refrigerator
This device is constantly active. How to save electricity in this case? First of all, position it so that the power consumption is minimal. It should not stand near the radiator, stove or be in direct sunlight. Do not fill it with unnecessary things (bread, cosmetics, etc.), dispose of stale food in a timely manner, do not put hot dishes, check the sealing partitions and keep the radiator clean.
8. Clean your apartment in economy mode
Using a vacuum cleaner can also save electricity. To do this, regularly shake out the dust bag. When moving from one room to another, do not turn off the vacuum cleaner - its starting motors consume a lot of electricity. Use the setting that is right for your particular surface, as carpet and smooth floors require different power.
Load the machine strictly according to the instructions. Too little or too much laundry leads to energy wastage, which can be up to 30%. Whenever possible, use the quick wash method, choose the water temperature and wash cycle that is appropriate for the type of laundry.
10. Don't Forget Computers
Today, almost every home has computers. Naturally, all this increases the consumption of electricity. If you set your computers to power saving mode, you can save 50 percent of electricity. And if you change stationary "monsters" for laptops, the consumption will decrease by half. Try to reduce monitor brightness and use LCD monitors whenever possible. When you turn off your computer, remember to turn off your speakers, scanner, modem, and printer.
We looked at the most common ways to save energy. Each consumer is free to choose the most acceptable option. And if you decide to listen to our advice and use all the methods at once, you will significantly reduce your energy consumption and save your money.
Energy saving in everyday life (version 1)
energy saving at home:
38 ways
Heat saving
Our country is not southern and it is normal to insulate your home. There are several simple ways to insulate:
1. Sealing gaps in window frames and doorways. For this, mounting foams, self-expanding sealing tapes, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc. are used. The result is an increase in the air temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees.
2. Seal the porch of windows and doors. Various self-adhesive seals and gaskets are used. Windows are sealed not only around the perimeter, but also between the frames. The result is an increase in the temperature inside the room by 1-3 degrees.
3. Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows. It is better if the glass is with a heat-reflecting film, and ventilators are provided in the window design. Then the temperature in the room will be more stable both in winter and summer, the air will be fresh and there will be no need to periodically open the window, throwing out a large amount of thermal air. The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in the level of street noise.
4. Installation of a second door at the entrance to the apartment (house). The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees, a decrease in the level of external noise and gas pollution.
5. Installation of a heat-reflecting screen (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator. The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 1 degree.
6. Try not to close the radiators with thick curtains, screens, furniture - the heat will be more efficiently distributed in the room.
7. Close curtains at night. This helps keep the heat in the house.
8. Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum ones. The heat transfer of these radiators is 40-50% higher. If the radiators are installed taking into account convenient removal, it is possible to wash them regularly, which also contributes to an increase in heat transfer.
9. Glazing a balcony or loggia is equivalent to installing an additional window. This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate temperature 10 degrees higher than outside in severe frost.
Saving electrical energy
1. Replace conventional incandescent lamps with energy-saving fluorescent lamps. Their service life is 6 times longer than incandescent lamps, consumption is 5 times lower. During operation, the light bulb pays for itself 8-10 times.
2. Use local lights when there is no need for general lighting.
3. Make it a rule to turn off the lights when leaving the room.
4. Turn off devices that are in standby mode for a long time. TVs, VCRs, music centers in standby mode consume energy from 3 to 10 watts. During the year, 4 such devices, chargers left in sockets will give an additional energy consumption of 300-400 kWh.
5. Use appliances with an energy efficiency class of at least A. Additional energy consumption for household appliances of outdated designs is approximately 50%. Such household appliances will not pay off immediately, but given the increase in energy prices, the impact of savings will be even greater. In addition, such equipment, as a rule, is more modern and better in terms of characteristics.
6. Do not install the refrigerator near a gas stove or a heating radiator. This increases the energy consumption of the refrigerator by 20-30%.
7. The refrigerator seal must be clean and fit snugly against the body and door. Even a small gap in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.
8. Cool food to room temperature before placing it in the refrigerator.
9. Do not forget to defrost the refrigerator more often.
10. Do not cover the refrigerator radiator, leave a gap between the wall of the room and the back wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.
11. If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure that its burners are not deformed and fit snugly against the bottom of the heated dishes. This will eliminate unnecessary consumption of heat and electricity. Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn off the stove a little earlier than necessary for the complete cooking of the dish.
12. Boil as much water in an electric kettle as you want to use.
13. Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment. Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable amount of colors reduce lighting costs by 10-15%.
14. Record electricity meter readings and analyze how you can reduce consumption.
15. In some homes, the computer is kept on all the time. Turn it off or put it into sleep mode if you don't need it to run all the time. With continuous round-the-clock operation, the computer consumes 70-120 kWh per month per month. If continuous work is needed, then it is more efficient to use a laptop or computer with low power consumption (Atom family processors) for such purposes.
In general, it is quite realistic to reduce energy consumption by 40-50% without compromising the quality of life and compromising habits.
Water saving
1. Install water meters. This will motivate to reduce water consumption.
2. Install toggle switches on faucets instead of rotary taps. Water savings of 10-15% plus convenience in temperature selection.
3. Do not turn on the water at full jet. In 90% of cases, a small jet is enough. Saving 4-5 times.
4. When washing and showering, turn off the water when it is not needed.
5. Taking a shower takes 10-20 times less water than taking a bath.
6. Significant water savings are obtained when using two-button drain cisterns.
7. It is necessary to carefully check for water leakage from the drain tank, which occurs due to old fittings in the tank. Replacing fittings is a penny business, and the water savings are impressive. Through a trickle of leakage, you can lose several cubic meters of water per month.
8. Check how the "return" works on the hot water supply. If there is no circulation at the time of supply, then you will be forced to pump water through the risers of your neighbors until you get it hot in your apartment. Of course, while expensive "hot" water is simply drained into the sewer.
In general, reducing water consumption by 4 times is a quite feasible and low-cost task.
