Pros and cons of an intrauterine device from pregnancy. Intrauterine device: price, reviews, photo Ectopic spiral

The intrauterine coil (IUD abbreviation can be found) is a popular contraceptive that is considered one of the best ways to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The vaginal spiral is a tiny device, about the length of a matchbox, that can help you plan your life.

Pros and cons of this method of contraception

If a woman decides to install a spiral, she must know the pros and cons of installing and wearing it. The main plus in the installation of an IUD is that it protects against unwanted pregnancy much more effectively than many other contraceptives. Its constant presence inside the woman's body eliminates the danger that you can forget to protect yourself. The spiral is absolutely imperceptible during sexual intercourse. In addition, this tool is relatively cheap, considering that it is enough for a period of 3 to 10 years.

The IUD has no hormonal effect on the female body. Certain birth control pills have a number of contraindications, such as breastfeeding and smoking. The IUD has no such contraindications. However, there are also some IUDs that contain hormones. They prevent not only pregnancy, but also many inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, control bleeding during menstruation, and prevent ectopic pregnancy.

It is impossible to insert an IUD on your own at home. This opens up a small number of cons. This type of contraception is allowed only for women who have given birth. The IUD from pregnancy will in no way be able to protect against genital infections, since it only works as a contraceptive. A spiral is a foreign body inside a woman's body, so it can cause discomfort and side effects.

IUD action

How does a contraceptive work? Its principle of operation is as follows. The IUD has a detrimental effect on male germ cells, depriving them of reproductive function. The mechanism of action of the intrauterine coil also extends to the mucous membrane of the uterus, depriving it of the ability to create conditions for the appearance of an embryo.

The duration of the contraceptive is 3 to 5 years. When the warranty period passes, the coil in the uterus wears out and loses its properties. She needs to take out.

Which IUD to choose?

Today, the contraceptive spiral is a small device. It is made from synthetic material or non-ferrous metals. Naval Forces measuring no more than 4 centimeters. In shape, it is most often similar to the shape of the uterus, that is, T-shaped.

IUDs are available both without the addition of hormones, and hormone-containing. The spiral is selected individually, depending on the characteristics of the organism. There is no one-size-fits-all IUD that fits any woman better. However, each of them has its own advantageous characteristics. The most popular are the following types of spirals:

T Cu 380 A. The material from which the IUD is made is copper. It has a rather long period of validity - up to 10 years. The mechanism of action of such a coil is that it secretes copper, which in turn suppresses sperm and affects female reproductive capacity.
Multiload Cu 375. It has a shape that allows it to sit firmly in the uterus. This IUD is considered the most reliable choice for active women or women with structural features of the genital organs, when there is a risk of falling out of the usual spiral shape.
Combined Navy. These are Nova - T (Nova-T) and T de Plata 380 NOVAPLUS. They are made of plastic and silver or plastic and copper. These varieties do not contain hormones.
VIP spiral T de Oro 375 Gold. It contains a piece of gold.
Mirena is a hormonal coil. It contains a special container that releases the pregnancy hormone levonorgestrel. Such an IUD can last up to 5 years.

It is better to entrust the question of choosing a contraceptive spiral to a specialist. He knows best which IUD to recommend for your case. Do not think that the more expensive the IUD, the more effective it is - the effect of the coils is almost equally good. When choosing a coil, tell your doctor about the characteristics of your body. For prolonged and heavy periods, it may be better to use uterine spirals with hormones. However, we must not forget about other individual properties of the organism.

What side effects may appear

Surely many women are interested in the question: is the spiral harmful? After installing the coil, a number of side effects can occur. Some women develop complications, but this happens only in 5 cases out of 100. The vast majority of women are satisfied with the installation of the IUD, since it is a very effective and convenient method of contraception.

As soon as the IUD is installed, in extremely rare cases, negative reactions such as uterine perforation or endometritis can occur.

Some time after the installation of the coil, the following side effects may occur:

during menstruation, pain in the lower abdomen increases;
menstruation becomes more profuse than before;
among the menstrual period, red spotting may occur.

Such reactions apply only to IUDs that do not contain hormones. During the use of a hormone-containing IUD, changes in the female body are possible, such as:

delay in menstruation for several months;
the appearance of spotting between periods.

Contraindications to the use of a spiral

The spiral from pregnancy is not put to everyone and not always. Not every woman will be allowed to put it on. Sometimes the contraceptive spiral has contraindications. It is undesirable or impossible to put an IUD:

women with infectious or inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, as well as with erosion of the cervix;
patients with oncological diseases of the reproductive organs;
women who have uterine malformations;
young ladies or nulliparous women;
women who randomly change sexual partners.

For each specific case, there may be exceptions, but the decision to install an IUD can only be made by a gynecologist.

In order to prevent unwanted pregnancy and further abortion, the spiral will help prevent its occurrence for a long time. Abortion harms the female body, so sometimes doctors themselves can offer this option. If, nevertheless, an abortion did happen, and in order to prevent unwanted pregnancy, you should ask your doctor about the possibility of placing the spiral immediately after the procedure or after a while.

To a woman after childbirth. The female body must recover after childbirth. He is ready for a new fertilization in a few months, but it will be difficult for him to endure another pregnancy right away. To do this, young mothers, especially nursing mothers, are advised to either take pills with progestins, which does not always have a positive effect on the health of the body, or put a spiral. A hormone-free IUD is one of the best ways to prevent unwanted pregnancies for nursing mothers.

The intrauterine device is one of the most reliable and modern methods of contraception, which has been confirmed by clinical studies and millions of women around the world. Today there are different types of intrauterine devices (IUDs), and in order to make the right choice, you need to know the features and characteristics of different types.

What is an intrauterine device?

An IUD is a small device that can be made of plastic, copper, silver, or gold.

The principle of its action is as follows: a spiral inserted into the uterus does not allow the cavity to close and interferes with the fixation of the ovum. In addition, there are hormonal spirals of complex action, which not only prevent the onset of pregnancy mechanically, but also affect the hormonal background. As a result, the thickness of the endometrium, which lines the uterine cavity, decreases, and thick mucus is produced in the cervix, which prevents sperm from penetrating inside. Such contraceptives work for about 5 years.

It should be noted that after the spiral from pregnancy is removed from the uterine cavity, the body quickly restores the ability to bear children, so this method of contraception is considered one of the safest for women's health.

How effective are intrauterine devices?

According to studies, the effectiveness of the IUD is about 98-99%, which can be considered just an excellent indicator: for example, when using condoms, the statistics of accidental pregnancies is 12%, and when taking oral contraceptives - about 3%.

Service life of intrauterine devices

The duration of the IUD varies from 3.5 to 7 years, depending on the material of manufacture, manufacturing company and other factors. It is important to note that after a specified period, the spiral must be removed, as this is fraught with adverse health effects.

Video - "Intrauterine device"

Types of intrauterine devices

To understand which intrauterine device is best placed in a particular case, a woman needs to learn about the advantages, disadvantages and features of the spirals of different manufacturers. The most popular are the contraceptives Nova T, Juno Bio, Mirena and Multiload.

Nova T

The intrauterine spiral T (in the shape of the letter T) is made of elastic plastic and copper braid. The flexible ends ensure a safe installation of the system, and the copper, which is included in it, has a toxic effect on spermatozoa.

The disadvantages of the coil include the possibility of allergic reactions, the risk of infection of the urinary tract, as well as the development of iron deficiency anemia.

Juno Bio

Juno Bio spirals can be of several types.

The Juno Bio T IUD is made of plastic, copper wire and a special monofilament thread, which allows you to control the location of the structure in the uterus and remove it if necessary.

Juno Bio T Super is made in a similar way, but at the same time it is treated with antimicrobial drugs and propolis, that is, it additionally protects a woman from infections.

The Juno Bio spiral with silver has a flexible plastic base wrapped copper-silver thread, due to which its duration is increased to 7 years.

Finally, the annular IUD is an annular device with copper-silver pivot, which helps to control the introduction.

The duration of such coils varies from 3.5 to 7 years.

Multiload

IUD Multiload is a contraceptive spiral in the form of a semi-oval, equipped with soft spikes, which help it to catch well on the wall of the uterine cavity, which significantly reduces the risk of spontaneous excretion. Validity period - 5 years.

Mirena

T-bar spiral with flexible arms and ring for easy removal. The rod also contains a container with a levonorgestrel drug with a special membrane that ensures a uniform release of the drug into the uterine cavity.

The Mirena intrauterine device is considered one of the most expensive, but at the same time the most effective contraceptive, since it acts both as an IUD and as an oral contraceptive. Validity period - 5 years.

One of the most significant disadvantages of this spiral is amenorrhea, that is, the complete disappearance of menstruation, which is observed in about 20% of women, and is associated with the suppression of endometrial growth with low doses of hormones.

Which of the spirals is considered the best? It is impossible to give an answer to this question, since the universal IUDs that are suitable for every woman simply do not exist.

The choice of a particular spiral should be carried out on an individual basis, based on the characteristics of the woman's body.

Video - "Intrauterine contraceptive" Mirena "

Side effects and possible complications

Every woman who decides to put a spiral must be aware of the possible side effects and complications that may result from the use of this method of contraception.

Side effects of the IUD include:

an increase in the duration of the menstrual cycle and the amount of discharge;
the appearance of "daub" between periods;
cramps and discomfort in the pelvic area during menstruation;
the risk of an ectopic pregnancy;
the appearance of an unpleasant odor from the genital tract;
a decrease in the thickness of the endometrium, which can make it difficult to carry a pregnancy in the future, and also increase the risk of miscarriage.

In some cases, with the wrong choice of the spiral or insufficient qualifications gynecologist the following complications may occur:

infection of the pelvic organs or the development of inflammation, which may be the result of insufficient adherence to hygiene rules or a disease that the woman suffered from not detected in time;
perforation of the uterine wall is a rather rare phenomenon, which manifests itself after a while with nagging pains and bleeding;
spontaneous loss of the spiral.

Video - “Intrauterine device. Harm to health. "

What you need to know about an IUD before insertion?

In order for the spiral to perform its functions to the fullest, one should not only choose the system correctly, but also know some of the features of its functioning.

So, the vast majority of spirals do not protect against genital infections, so intercourse with an unverified partner still requires additional means of protection against STDs.

In addition, they cannot guarantee 100% protection against unwanted pregnancy, so in 1-2% of cases it can occur.

Finally, self-installation or removal of the device is strictly prohibited - only an experienced and qualified gynecologist can know exactly how the spiral is placed and how it is removed.

When should you see a doctor?

Another important point when using an IUD is to understand in time that there are problems with a contraceptive.

What signs can indicate this? First of all, constant monitoring of the length of the threads in the vagina is necessary - if it has changed, this may indicate that the spiral has moved from its place, has gone deep into the uterine cavity or has fallen out.

In addition, you should definitely consult a doctor in the following situations:

an increase in temperature of unexplained etiology a few days after the installation of the spiral;
severe pain or discomfort in the pelvic area;
vaginal discharge with an unusual color or odor;
falling out or displacement of the spiral;
delay of menstruation by 3-4 weeks.

Contraindications to the installation of an intrauterine device

Absolute contraindications for the installation of an IUD are:

chronic inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;
congenital or acquired pathologies of the uterus (fibromatosis, two-hornedness, etc.);
pregnancy (suspected or confirmed);
uterine bleeding of unknown etiology;
the presence of malignant tumors in the body.

In addition, women who use IUDs as contraception need to visit a doctor about every six months and get tested, since the spiral leaves the cervix open, as a result of which infections can enter its cavity.

Video - "Intrauterine contraceptives"

Prevention of unwanted pregnancy, or contraception, helps a woman maintain her health:

reduces the frequency of abortion;
helps to plan and prepare for pregnancy;
in many cases it has an additional therapeutic effect.

One of the types of contraception is intrauterine. It is used most often in China, the Russian Federation and Scandinavia. In everyday speech, the term "intrauterine device" is often used.

The advantages of intrauterine contraception:

relatively low cost;
long term of use;
rapid restoration of fertility after removal of the spiral;
the possibility of use during breastfeeding and with concomitant diseases;
therapeutic effect on the endometrium (when using the hormonal intrauterine system);
preservation of the physiology of sexual intercourse, lack of preparation, fullness of sensations during intimacy.

Types of intrauterine devices

There are two types of intrauterine contraceptives:

inert;
medication.

Inert intrauterine contraceptives (IUDs) are plastic products of various shapes that are inserted into the uterine cavity. Their use has been discouraged since 1989, when the World Health Organization declared their ineffectiveness and danger to women's health.

Currently, only coils containing metals (copper, silver) or hormones are used. They have a plastic base of different shapes, close to the shape of the inner space of the uterus. The addition of metals or hormonal agents can increase the effectiveness of the coils and reduce the number of side effects.

In Russia, the following IUDs have gained the greatest popularity:

Multiload Cu 375 - has the shape of the letter F, covered with a copper winding with an area of 375 mm 2, designed for 5 years;
Nova-T - in the form of the letter T, has a copper winding with an area of 200 mm 2, designed for 5 years;
Cooper T 380 A - copper-bearing T-shaped, lasts up to 8 years;
hormonal intrauterine system "Mirena" - contains levonorgestrel, which is gradually released into the uterine cavity, providing a therapeutic effect; designed for 5 years.

Less commonly, IUDs that release medroxyprogesterone or norethisterone are used.

Which intrauterine device is better?

It is possible to answer this question only after an individual consultation, taking into account the woman's age, her state of health, smoking, the presence of gynecological diseases, planning for the future of pregnancy and other factors.

Mechanism of action

The principle of operation of the intrauterine device is the destruction of spermatozoa and a violation of the process of attachment of the embryo in the uterine cavity. Copper, which is part of many IUDs, has a spermatotoxic effect, that is, it kills spermatozoa that have entered the uterus. In addition, it enhances the capture and processing of sperm by special cells - macrophages.

If fertilization does occur, the abortive effect of the contraceptive begins, preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg:

the contractions of the fallopian tube increase, while the fertilized egg enters the uterus too quickly and dies;
the presence of a foreign body in the uterine cavity leads to aseptic (non-infectious) inflammation and metabolic disorders;
as a result of the production of prostaglandins in response to a foreign body, the contractility of the walls of the uterus is activated;
when using the intrauterine hormonal system, endometrial atrophy occurs.

The Mirena intrauterine system constantly releases the hormone levonorgestrel from a special reservoir at a dose of 20 mcg per day. This substance has a gestagenic effect, suppresses the regular proliferation of endometrial cells and causes its atrophy. As a result, menstruation becomes scanty or disappears altogether. At the same time, ovulation is not disturbed, the hormonal background does not change.

Is it possible to get pregnant if there is an intrauterine device? The effectiveness of intrauterine contraception reaches 98%. When using copper-containing products, pregnancy occurs within a year in 1-2 women out of a hundred. The effectiveness of the "Mirena" system is several times higher, pregnancy occurs during the year only in 2-5 women out of a thousand.

How to put an intrauterine device

Before you insert the IUD, you need to make sure that there is no pregnancy. The procedure can be performed regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle, but best of all on the 4-8th day of the cycle (counting from the first day of menstruation). Be sure to analyze smears for microflora and the degree of purity, as well as ultrasound to determine the size of the uterus.

The procedure takes place on an outpatient basis without anesthesia. This is an almost painless procedure. In the first days after the introduction of the spiral, aching pains in the lower abdomen caused by contractions of the uterus may disturb. The first and 2-3 subsequent periods may be profuse. At this time, spontaneous expulsion of the spiral is not excluded.

After an artificial abortion, the spiral is usually installed immediately after the manipulation, after childbirth - after 2-3 months.

The introduction of the IUD after a cesarean section is carried out six months later to reduce the risk of infectious complications. Coils can be used while breastfeeding, which is a great advantage.

After the introduction of the IUD for a week, a woman is prohibited from:

intense physical activity;
hot baths;
taking laxatives;
sex life.

The next examination is scheduled for 7-10 days, and then in the absence of complications after 3 months. After each menstruation, a woman should independently check for the presence of IUD threads in the vagina. An examination by a gynecologist is enough to take place once every six months, if there are no complaints.

Removal of the intrauterine device

Removal of the IUD is carried out at will, with the development of some complications or after the expiration of the period of use. In the latter case, you can introduce a new contraceptive immediately after removing the previous one. To remove the IUD, ultrasound is first performed and the location of the spiral is specified. Then, under the control of a hysteroscope, the cervical canal is expanded and the spiral is removed by sipping on the "antennae". If the antennae break off, the procedure is repeated in the hospital. If the intrauterine device penetrates the wall of the uterus and does not cause complaints, it is not recommended to remove it unnecessarily, as this can lead to complications.

Complications of intrauterine contraception

Side effects from an intrauterine device:

lower abdominal pain;
genital infection;
uterine bleeding.

These symptoms do not develop in all patients and are related to complications.

Lower abdominal pain

Occur in 5-9% of patients. Cramping pains, accompanied by bloody discharge, are a sign of spontaneous expulsion of the IUD from the uterine cavity. To prevent this complication in the period after administration, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

Constant intense pain occurs if the contraceptive does not fit the uterus in size. In this case, it is replaced.

Sudden sharp pains can be a sign of perforation of the uterus with the penetration of a part of the spiral into the abdominal cavity. The incidence of this complication is 0.5%. Incomplete perforation often goes unnoticed and is diagnosed after unsuccessful attempts to remove the IUD. With complete perforation, an emergency laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed.

Genital infection

The incidence of infectious and inflammatory complications (and others) ranges from 0.5 to 4%. They are difficult to tolerate, accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen, fever, purulent discharge from the genital tract. Such processes are complicated by the destruction of the tissues of the uterus and appendages. For their prevention, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed for several days after the introduction of the IUD.

Uterine bleeding

uterine bleeding develops in 24% of cases. Most often, it is manifested by profuse menstruation (menorrhagia), less often - intermenstrual blood loss (metrorrhagia). Bleeding leads to the development of chronic iron deficiency anemia, manifested by pallor, weakness, shortness of breath, brittle hair and nails, dystrophic changes in internal organs. For the prevention of bleeding two months before the installation of the spiral and within 2 months after that, it is recommended to take combined oral contraceptives. If menorrhagias result in anemia, the IUD is removed.

The onset of pregnancy

The IUD reduces the likelihood of pregnancy. However, if it does occur, the risk is higher than among other women.

If pregnancy occurs during the period of use of the spiral, there are three options for the development of events:

Artificial termination, because such a pregnancy increases the risk of infection of the embryo and in half of the cases ends in spontaneous abortion.
Removal of the IUD, which can lead to spontaneous abortion.
Preservation of pregnancy, while the spiral does not harm the child and is excreted along with the membranes during childbirth. This increases the risk of pregnancy complications.

The ability to conceive and carry a child is restored immediately after the removal of intrauterine contraception, pregnancy occurs within a year in 90% of women who have not used other methods of contraception.

Indications for use

This type of contraception in nulliparous women can cause serious complications that prevent future pregnancy. An intrauterine device for nulliparous women can be used only if it is impossible or unwilling to use other methods. For such patients, mini-spirals with copper content are intended, for example, Flower Cuprum.

It makes no sense to install an IUD for a short time, so a woman should not plan a pregnancy for the next year or longer.

IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. On the contrary, they are believed to increase the risk of developing and worsen the course of such diseases.

Most often, IUDs are used in the following situations:

increased fertility, frequent pregnancies against the background of active sex life;
temporary or permanent unwillingness to have children;
extragenital diseases in which pregnancy is contraindicated;
the presence of severe genetic diseases in a woman or her partner.

Contraindications to the intrauterine device

Absolute contraindications:

pregnancy;
endometritis, adnexitis, colpitis and other inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, especially acute or chronic with constant exacerbations;
cancer of the cervix or body of the uterus;
previous ectopic pregnancy.

Relative contraindications:

uterine bleeding, including heavy menstruation;
endometrial hyperplasia;
congenital or acquired deformity of the uterus;
blood diseases;
severe inflammatory diseases of internal organs;
spontaneous expulsion (expulsion) of the IUD that occurred earlier;
intolerance to the components of the coil (copper, levonorgestrel);
lack of childbirth.

In these situations, the appointment of an intrauterine hormonal system is often justified. Its use is indicated for endometrial pathology, heavy bleeding, painful menstruation. Therefore, the gynecologist will be able to choose the right intrauterine device after examining and examining the patient.

In modern medicine, the intrauterine device is popular among women who want to protect themselves from an unplanned pregnancy. This method of contraception is famous for its high level of protection, however, a large number of girls refuse to use the IUD due to information about possible side effects.

In fact, if you choose the right device and a specialist who can correctly place the spiral, take into account the indications and contraindications, then the IUD will become one of the most reliable contraceptive options.

An intrauterine device is a device made of copper and plastic. It looks like a small T-shaped or O-shaped anchor. The device is placed in the uterine cavity.

How does a spiral work? The IUD interferes with the movement of sperm, as a result of which their bodies are damaged, the life cycle of the egg is shortened. In the case of fertilization (which is extremely rare), it prevents the egg from fixing in the uterus.

Modern devices also contain the metals and hormones levonorgestrel, which additionally protect the female genital organs from inflammation. The video below shows how this new contraceptive method works:

All vaginal spirals have a complex mechanism of action:

Slower ovulation, decreased ovarian function;
Failure of implantation;
Obstruction of the movement of sperm;
Changes in the nature of the movement of the egg through the fallopian tube.

The spirals are convenient for women who are sexually active. In the case of the IUD, strict self-discipline is not required, unlike the option with the use of hormonal drugs.

Pros and cons

The IUD is an effective form of contraception, proven and reliable, provided that it is inserted by an experienced and skilled gynecologist.

If the device is correctly positioned in the uterine cavity, the woman will not feel any discomfort.

Advantages:

High efficiency in terms of contraception;
Long term of validity - up to 5 years;
After extraction, full recovery of fertility is guaranteed after several cycles;
During intercourse, the woman and her partner do not feel the IUD;
The presence of the device will not interfere with the use of drugs or surgery;
No need for additional
A wide selection of manufacturers and a different pricing policy.

Flaws:

The body of the uterus will be constantly ajar, which is fraught with the ingress of pathogenic flora;
A foreign body is present in the uterus;
An increase in critical days, the amount of blood released will become much larger;
The likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy increases several times;
The device may fall out on its own;
The risk of damaging the walls of the uterus;
There is no defense against;
In case of pregnancy, the device threatens the development of the baby.

The presence of an IUD increases the likelihood of complications during childbirth, almost always such a pregnancy needs to be terminated with surgery.

Types and forms

What spirals are there and which one should you choose? There are about 50 types of devices of various shapes. Due to such a huge selection of devices, the spiral should only be selected by the attending physician.

First generation:

The device does not contain metals or hormones, it is made only of plastic;
Does not interfere with the movement of sperm to the egg, fertilization takes place in the usual manner;
Only prevents the possibility of penetration of the ovum to the endometrium;
Causes side effects: itching and burning in the vaginal area, pain in the lower abdomen;
The device may fall out.

Coils of the first generation are practically not inserted anymore, since other types of devices have been developed with fewer side effects.

Second generation:

Second-generation IUDs are made of plastic and metals that have a contraceptive effect - copper, silver, gold.
The devices damage sperm cells, interfere with their movement through the fallopian tubes, so the likelihood of getting pregnant is reduced.

Third generation:

Hormonal intrauterine devices;
They are used as a therapeutic and contraceptive agent.

Devices can take a variety of forms:

The letter "T";
In the form of a circle or semicircle;
In the shape of an umbrella;
Resembling a horseshoe.

The selection of the device takes into account the anamnesis, weight, personal anatomical differences, so it is impossible to independently determine which type is right for you.

"Umbrella"

The semi-oval form of the contraceptive is called "umbrella" or "horseshoe". On the outer projections of the spiral there are small spikes that firmly anchor the contraceptive in the uterus, preventing the device from falling out.

Ring

Round spirals are called "rings" or "half rings". In some countries, only these types of spirals are used. The annular spiral has only one curl and the antennae are absent.

T-shaped

T-shaped coils are considered very comfortable, easy to install, remove and do not cause discomfort when worn. The T-shaped device fits most firmly into the uterus. This type of spiral is perfect for girls after cesarean.

Review of the best

Today, a large number of different IUDs are distinguished. They have various names. Which of the intrauterine devices is better?

Nova T

The spiral is T-shaped, for the manufacture of materials such as silver and copper are used. Thanks to the use of two types of wire, the service life is increased to five years.

It is suitable for women who have experienced labor several times and have previously suffered from inflammatory processes in the genital area. The average cost of installing the Nova T intrauterine device is 4 thousand rubles.

Jaides

The Jaides Silver Ring Spiral is manufactured in Bayer, and has a 3-year service life. The device must not be installed by women who have not given birth. It is impossible to buy Jaides in Russia, in Ukraine the cost is 2 thousand hryvnias. As a side effect of the use is the cessation of menstruation.

Multiload - a spiral in the shape of the letter "T", it is allowed to use during lactation. There are two types, which differ in the thickness of the wire - 25 cm and 37.5 cm. The duration of use is 5-8 years.

After installing the Multiload coil, it is advisable to refrain from using tetracycline antibacterial agents. The cost is about 4 thousand rubles.

Juno

The Juno Navy is represented in the shape of a horseshoe and the letter "T". Silver and gold wire is used as a material. Cost from 550 rubles. up to 4 thousand rubles.

Mirena

For the manufacture of the intrauterine device, a T-shape was used. The tool is positioned as a therapeutic device, it is used for disorders of the monthly cycle and endometriosis. Duration of operation - 5 years. The price is 14 thousand rubles.

Installation

To put a spiral follow this plan:

The woman is placed on the gynecologist's chair;
A mirror is inserted into the vagina, the cervix is treated with an antiseptic;
Using a probe, the length of the uterus is measured;
A plastic guide is inserted;
Using a piston, the IUD is pushed into the uterine cavity;
In the vagina, the threads are removed, which are cut to the required length.

Threads (spiral tendrils) are needed to control the location of the device in the uterine cavity.

After installing the intrauterine device, it is recommended to follow a number of rules:

Sit for about 30 minutes, it is forbidden to get up;
Do not use laxatives;
Do not take a bath with hot water for the first day;
Tampons should not be used during menstruation.

You will have to abstain from sexual activity for about two weeks. It is strictly forbidden to have hard sex in order to avoid the spiral falling out.

Contraindications

The installation of intrauterine devices has certain contraindications. Before using such a method of contraception, you should study the existing contraindications, which are divided into absolute and relative.

Absolute:

Pregnancy;
Oncology of the genitals;
Exacerbation of inflammatory diseases of the genitals;
With active sexual activity, there is a risk of contracting infections transmitted through sex;
Bleeding.

Relative:

Chronic forms of inflammatory diseases of the uterus;
Menses, proceeding with painful sensations;
Too much discharge during your period
Underdevelopment of the uterus;
Previously there was an ectopic pregnancy;
Distortion of the neck;
Anemia and other blood diseases;
Decreased cervical tone;
Lack of labor in the anamnesis.

Complications

Complications after using the coil include the following:

Damage to the cervix;
Painful sensations during the period;
Failure of the menstrual cycle.

It is not a fact that complications will arise, but it is better to familiarize yourself with them and be ready for this.

Removing the spiral

Often, the removal of the intrauterine device is performed in the middle of the monthly cycle. The process of removing the coil is not accompanied by anesthesia. To remove the spiral, use special tweezers. This method of removing the device is considered the easiest, safest and most painless.

It happens that the spiral grows into the walls of the uterus. In this case, its extraction is difficult and occurs only by scraping the uterine cavity with further histological diagnosis.

Sometimes surgery is required if the coil is located near large vessels, the bladder, or has grown into the tissue of the abdominal cavity.

Whatever the situation, only a specialist should perform the removal of the spiral. It is strictly forbidden to do this on your own.

Often, from the conversations of friends or in queues at the antenatal clinic, you can hear stories about intrauterine devices, various reviews on them and impressions of this contraceptive device. But what is it and what does it act on? Will this not affect the hormonal background of a woman, her ability to someday become a mother and, of course, will it be able to protect her from certain diseases? Is this method reliable for preventing unwanted pregnancy and are there any differences between them?

We will try to understand these issues, consider 6 popular intrauterine devices and find out what are the differences between them. Which spiral to choose?

What is an IUD (intrauterine device)?

- This is one of the most effective means of contraception, which is often used by women who have given birth, most often with a permanent partner and are not ready at the moment again for motherhood.

Like any other type of contraception, spirals differ in their composition, type, duration of use and other parameters.

Classification

There are 2 groups of spirals:

hormonal;
non-hormonal.

Both those and others perform the same task - protection from unwanted pregnancy. But some of them have additional properties. For example, they are often used in gynecological practice as a method of treating certain diseases, and non-hormonal spirals with the addition of silver or gold have a bactericidal effect and protect the female reproductive system from unwanted infections.

There are 3 generations of spirals:

1st generation

IUD without any metal or hormone, consisting only of medical grade plastic.
Their contraceptive effect is achieved only through the mechanical impossibility of attaching the ovum to the endometrium.
Often cause complications (infectious diseases, ectopic pregnancy and spiral prolapse - expulsion).

1st generation naval forces are not currently used as more reliable and efficient coils exist.

2nd generation

IUDs containing metal. That is, these are spirals, also consisting of medical plastic, but having a contraceptive effect due to additional components - copper, silver, gold.
Metals act not only on the female body, but also on the male factor - sperm, and thereby reduce the risk of an unplanned pregnancy.

3rd generation

Hormonal coils, which at this stage are used as therapeutic and contraceptive means.

Intrauterine devices have different shapes:

t-shaped;
round or semicircular;
in the form of an umbrella;
horseshoe-shaped (semi-oval).

Each spiral has its own advantages and disadvantages and is selected individually, depending on the characteristics of the body of a particular woman.

All spirals have the same principle of action - protection from unwanted pregnancy.

So how does the helix help you avoid conception?

All coils are made of medical grade plastic, which rarely causes an allergic reaction in women. But such cases do occur. For this reason, you need to carefully monitor your feelings and monitor the body's response after installing the spiral.

In addition to medical plastic, modern spirals include:

metals (silver, copper, gold);
hormones.

Hormonal coil

This type of IUD secretes a certain amount of a hormone that acts not only on the female body, but also reduces the activity of sperm. The spiral does not affect male potency and male health! Only on sperm that have already entered the genital tract of a woman. The only tangible disadvantage that intrauterine devices can deliver to a man is the feeling of the antennae of the spiral during intercourse. This issue is easily solved: you need to come to the doctor's office, and the gynecologist will simply shorten the interfering antennae of the spiral.

The hormone in the spiral affects the maturation and release of eggs by the woman's ovaries and does not have a destructive effect on the hormonal background in general.

The very presence of the spiral in the uterus prevents the attachment of the ovum and, accordingly, pregnancy does not occur. This is a mechanical factor in the prevention of pregnancy. Also, the coil causes a local reaction, which adversely affects the sperm cells, inhibiting and destroying them.

Hormonal coils affect many women's diseases (and others) and are recommended for use by gynecologists to treat the latter.

Non-hormonal coil

As for the IUDs containing metals, such designs, in addition to the mechanical factor of pregnancy protection inherent in all spirals, have in their arsenal a destructive effect on the male factor. For instance:

Copper, oxidizing the environment, inhibits the movement of spermatozoa trapped in the uterine cavity and damages them.
Silver and gold increase the shelf life of the spirals and have a beneficial effect on local immunity, protecting a woman from inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

All types of spirals have a stimulating effect on the fallopian tubes and enhance their peristalsis. While the ovum is rapidly moving into the uterine cavity, the endometrium does not have time to prepare for the adoption of a new life, and as a result, the embryo finds itself in an unfavorable environment that is not suitable for further development.

Summing up, we can single out the links of fertilization, which are influenced by any spiral:

On the male factor (inhibitory and spermicidal action).
On the maturation and release of the egg from the ovaries.
For the delivery of the ovum and ovum through the fallopian tubes.
On the attachment of the ovum to the endometrium.
A local reaction that causes the release of enzymes that are harmful to sperm.

Who can get an intrauterine device?

The desire of the woman herself at this stage of life not to become a mother (provided that there is already a birth history).
Frequent pregnancies with other types of contraception (with improper use or carelessness in taking).
Protection from unwanted pregnancy during lactation (breastfeeding).
In order to save money. The spirals are placed for several years, which allows the woman not to worry about other types of contraception (oral contraceptives, condoms).

Important! Coils do not protect against STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)! It is recommended to use a contraceptive with an existing long-term sexual partner (low risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases). It should also be mentioned that coils are used in women who have given birth and are not recommended for contraception in young nulliparous girls.

Spiral setting technique

The spiral is established both during menstruation, and immediately in the first days after it, since at this time it is more likely. In addition, the cervix during this period is slightly open, which makes it easier for the spiral to enter the uterine cavity and cause minimal discomfort to the woman.

Before installing the coil, the doctor conducts research for the presence of inflammatory diseases and, if necessary, prescribes anti-inflammatory therapy. This reduces the risk of complications and spiral loss in the future. The process itself takes place only in the gynecologist's office, in aseptic conditions.

If the woman decides, then you should wait a while (about 6 weeks) for the uterus to return to its previous state. The fact is that during pregnancy, the uterus is overstretched, and after childbirth, it gradually returns to its previous size. This process is called uterine involution. In order to avoid complications after the installation of the spiral, gynecologists recommend waiting for the end of involution.

It is not recommended to insert an intrauterine device immediately after an abortion. The patient should be observed for complications and various inflammatory diseases that could provoke an abortion. As soon as the obstetrician-gynecologist is convinced of the woman's full health, the spiral can be placed in the uterine cavity.

In the instructions for some spirals, there are notes about the setting of a contraceptive immediately after an abortion. This issue should be resolved individually with an experienced doctor and follow his advice in this matter.

IUD review: the most popular means

There are a huge number of intrauterine contraceptives on the market, which have a different shape, composition, duration of use and, of course, price range. They all have their own advantages and disadvantages.

So, let's take a look at the most commonly used and popular spirals:

Spiral Multiload (Multiload CU-375)

It is a T-shaped copper wire spiral. It is not hormonal. The metal affects the sperm, causing their death and the impossibility of further fertilization.

The coil has a shelf life of 4 years. After this period, the spiral must not be used under any circumstances!

The length of the rod is 35 mm. This is a standard length and has no other size variations. It is suitable for women who, after measuring the size of the uterus with a probe, the length of its cavity is from 6 to 9 cm.

Of the features of the spiral, it should be noted that its use is prohibited in such situations:

with an existing allergy to copper;
in the first 3 months after an abortion;
during the period of breastfeeding of the child.

If a woman has been taking immunosuppressants for a long time to treat another pathology, the spiral is not suitable, and a different method of contraception should be chosen.

It should be noted that the presence of copper in the contraceptive will not affect the total amount of copper in the body.

The price range is in the region of 2.5-3 thousand rubles.

Copper Spiral (Copper TCu 380A)

Like the previous spiral, it contains copper. Spiral dimensions - vertical - 36 mm, horizontal - 32 mm. A feature of this coil is a greater release of copper in the uterine cavity, which causes a stronger local reaction.

The term of use is 5-6 years.

Another tip: after installation, you should lie on the couch in the doctor's office. In rare cases, after the introduction of the IUD, there is a decrease in pulse rate and clouding of consciousness.

All other properties are the same as for the Multiload spiral.

The price fluctuates around 2 thousand rubles

Goldlily Spiral

It contains both copper and one of the noble metals - gold. Gold covers the copper surface, protecting it from early oxidation and corrosion. By creating a potential difference, additional protection against unwanted pregnancy is created. Gold has a powerful bactericidal effect and prevents the onset of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

Another advantage of the contraceptive is the availability of several sizes. Each woman will be able to choose exactly the option that she needs.

The term of use is 7 years.

A significant disadvantage is the price. Due to the presence of gold, the cost of an intrauterine contraceptive is about 4-5 thousand rubles.

Juno Bio-T Spiral with Silver (Ag)

Another spiral in the line of modern contraception. The instruction offers the following indications for the use of the spiral (except for the woman's desire):

Treatment and prevention of Asherman's syndrome (formation of adhesions in the uterine cavity).
For postcoital protection (can be administered within 3-4 days after unprotected intercourse).

It contains copper and silver, which increases the service life up to 7 years. Silver prevents early and rapid oxidation of copper, which gives the coil a longer lasting effect.

Another useful quality of silver is its bactericidal effect. Juno protects the woman's body from inflammatory diseases and other infectious complications associated with the presence of the spiral in the uterine cavity.

Juno works on the same principle as other spirals, influencing all links in the chain to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The price for this product is also attractive - about 400-500 rubles.

Spiral Nova T

T-shaped helix containing copper and silver (copper wire with silver in the core). As in Juno, in the Nova T spiral, silver prevents early fragmentation of copper. But the difference is the period of use - Nova T should be changed every 5 years. For other mechanisms of action, no features have been identified.

The price is about 1500-2000 rubles.

Spiral Mirena (Mirena)

One of the most common means of intrauterine contraception is the hormonal system. This product contains a synthetic progestogen - levonorgestrel. It is released per day in a certain required amount, which is sufficient to perform two functions - contraceptive and therapeutic. That is why this spiral is often recommended for women with gynecological diseases (fibroids, endometriosis, etc.).

Mirena inhibits ovulation and prevents the formation of the ovum, which increases its contraceptive effect. The Pearl index of the hormonal intrauterine system is 0.1-0.5, while for conventional IUDs it reaches 3.

Important aspects:

The spiral does not affect hormonal levels.
Not contraindicated in women with metal allergies.
Approved for use while breastfeeding.
It is a 3rd generation spiral.

Mirena's shelf life is 5 years. Further use is not recommended due to the depletion of the hormone reserve in the coil and an increase in the possibility of developing infectious diseases of the pelvic organs.

This contraceptive has a high cost - about 10-12 thousand rubles.

Dear girls and women! Remember that for an accurate and correct selection of the spiral, you must definitely consult a doctor, because every female body is unique and inimitable!

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