Fibroma of the uterus and its treatment. Causes and methods of treatment of uterine fibroids Fibromatosis of the uterine body treatment

Fibroma of the uterus - symptoms and treatment

What is uterine fibroma? We will analyze the causes of occurrence, diagnosis and treatment methods in the article by Dr. A. Yu. Klimanov, a gynecologist with 18 years of experience.

Definition of disease. Causes of the disease

Fibroma of the uterus- hormone-dependent benign neoplasm that develops from the cells of the myometrium (muscle wall of the uterus). At its core, fibroma is a type of uterine fibroids. A distinctive feature of uterine fibroids is the predominant content of connective tissue in the tumor tissue.

Fibroma is a rounded formation, the structure of which contains connective tissue components, myocytes, blood vessels, plasma and mast cells.

According to studies, the peak incidence occurs in the premenopausal period (46-55 years), in some cases this pathology occurs in women of late reproductive age (35-40 years), however, in recent years, the disease has been diagnosed in younger patients (25-30 years ). Uterine fibroids can grow, regress and even disappear in postmenopausal women, but in 10-15% of women, education increases in the first 10 years of the menopausal period, combined with hyperplastic endometrial processes and proliferative diseases of the ovaries.

If you find similar symptoms, consult your doctor. Do not self-medicate - it is dangerous for your health!

Symptoms of uterine fibroids

There are three main features:

bleeding and other various violations of the menstrual cycle;
the presence of pain;
dysfunction of adjacent organs.

Deformation of the uterine cavity by submucous nodes leads to bleeding and other disorders of menstrual function, patients complain of an increase in the intensity and duration of menstruation, the appearance of bloody intermenstrual discharge. Just an enlargement of the uterus due to fibroids can also lead to various uterine bleeding.

With an increase in the fibromatous node, complaints of various pains in the lower abdomen may occur. Most often these are pulling or aching pains. The growth of fibroids can be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness and discomfort, and an increase in the size of the abdomen can occur.

Dysuric phenomena and defecation disorders can be symptoms of subserous localization of fibroids. Acute pain syndrome, an increase in body temperature and symptoms of intoxication are characteristic of tumor necrosis, torsion of the stem of subserous fibroma. The severity of clinical manifestations depends on the degree of impaired blood supply to the fibromatous node.

Pathogenesis of uterine fibroids

So why does fibroma appear? Despite a number of clinical studies, science cannot give a definite answer to this question. Disorders in the hypothalamic-pituitary system, changes in the state of the body's immune system, hereditary predisposition, and the presence of chronic infections in the patient play an important role in the development of fibromatous nodes. Various changes in the blood supply to the small pelvis, which often occur in patients with fibroma, are a favorable factor for the development of a tumor.

In addition, there are risk factors for the development of uterine fibroids:

age;
early menarche;
no history of childbirth;
obesity;
long-term use of contraceptives.

Often, the onset of the disease has an asymptomatic course, and women learn about their diagnosis at a routine examination by a gynecologist. The manifestation of the clinical picture of uterine fibroids largely depends on its size and localization. A growing fibromatous node can become one of the causes of infertility and miscarriage.

The pathogenesis of uterine fibroids is still the subject of heated debate. According to the classical works of K.P. Ulezko-Stroganova, carried out on the morphology of the female reproductive system, the formation of rudiments of fibromatous areas occurs at the embryonic stage.

The data of scientific literature on the significance of sex hormones in the development of uterine fibroids are very contradictory today, however, numerous clinical and laboratory studies confirm that a violation of estrogen metabolism in a woman's body leads to mitotic activity, which contributes to the formation of fibromatous nodes. The increase in fibrometry occurs due to hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells and their proliferative changes.

Classification and stages of development of uterine fibroids

Classifications of uterine fibroids are based on the location and direction of growth of the formation, as well as on clinical manifestations.

1. By localization and direction of growth:

subserous - growth of a fibromatous node towards the abdominal cavity (intra-abdominal location, intra-ligamentous location). In this case, the fibroma is located under the serous membrane of the uterus;
submucous - the growth of a fibromatous node towards the uterine cavity, under its mucous membrane (endometrium);
interstitial-the growth of fibroids inside the wall of the uterus itself, in the thickness of the muscle layer.

2. By clinical manifestations:

asymptomatic uterine fibroma(occurs in 70-80% of cases)-fibroma that does not manifest itself in any way. Usually the early stage of development of fibroids is asymptomatic.
symptomatic uterine fibroma(occurs in 20-30% of cases)-in this case, there are various symptoms caused by the tumor. As already mentioned, the clinical manifestations of symptomatic uterine fibroids can be: menstrual irregularities-menometrorrhagia; pain syndrome of varying severity and character (pulling, cramping, dysmenorrhea); various signs of compression and / or dysfunction of the pelvic organs that are next to the uterus; infertility; habitual miscarriage.

Depending on the number of nodules, single and multiple uterine fibroids are isolated. Multiple uterine fibroids are more common.

Complications of uterine fibroids

The risk factor for the health of patients with fibroma is an increase in neoplasm with characteristic signs of pathology - bleeding; pressure of the node on adjacent organs.

The most common complications of uterine fibroids include:

anemia: due to prolonged and profuse uterine bleeding, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood decreases. The main symptoms are weakness, fatigue, headaches, dizziness, the appearance of trophic changes;
infertility: large uterine fibroids significantly reduce the chances of pregnancy. This is due to a number of reasons: the uterine cavity changes and the implantation of a fertilized egg becomes difficult, large fibromatous formations can block the mouth of the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from entering them;
the birth of a fibromatous node: this complication occurs with the submucous location of the node on the pedicle, when it exits into the vagina. The onset is always acute and requires immediate hospitalization! If untreated, it can lead to serious consequences, such as infectious inflammation, peritonitis;
torsion of the tumor legs, malnutrition of the formation, leading to subsequent necrosis: fibroma of the uterus can deform the vessels that provide its blood supply, and thereby cause tissue necrosis. Physical activity, sexual intercourse, pregnancy can provoke necrosis. It is one of the most formidable complications and requires immediate hospitalization!
disorders in the functioning of internal organs, which occur due to excessive pressure on the pelvic organs, which is the cause of the development of chronic diseases (constipation, colitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis).

Diagnosis of uterine fibroids

As a rule, the diagnosis of uterine fibroids in most cases is not difficult. First of all, it is necessary to correctly identify the anamnesis and take into account all risk factors for the occurrence of uterine fibroids, to conduct a gynecological examination. The easiest way to diagnose uterine fibroids isgynecological examination on a chair... In this examination, subserous fibromatous nodes can be palpated separately from the uterus. Most often in the form of separate formations of a rounded shape, dense, with varying degrees of mobility. The uterus itself can be of various sizes, but more often it is enlarged, and it can be huge in size. The surface of the uterus is palpated by a tuberous, fibromatous nodes of a denser structure. If blood circulation is disturbed in the fibromatous nodes, their palpation becomes painful. In women with interstitial fibroma, an enlarged uterus is palpable, the consistency of which will be dense, the surface may be smooth or bumpy. Malnutrition of interstitial nodes usually does not occur, therefore, palpation of such a uterus is most often painless.

Ultrasound examination (ultrasound)pelvic organs is the gold standard not only in the diagnosis of primary uterine fibroids, but also in their dynamic observation. The advantage of the method is its information content, accessibility, safety. However, it is worth considering the fact that ultrasound is a rather subjective diagnostic method, because the reliability of the results largely depends not only on the qualifications of the specialist, but also on the preparation of the patient for the study.

Ultrasound diagnostics allows you to assess the size of the uterus, establish the number of pathological foci and their localization, the nature of the shape and contours, size, structure and density; during dynamic observation, compare the data with the results of the previous study, evaluate the dynamics of the pathological process. To clarify the location of fibromatous nodes, you can use ultrasound tomographs, which give a three-dimensional ultrasound image. Significant diagnostic data allows you to identify color doppler mapping (CDC)... With the help of it, it is possible to evaluate not only the echographic picture of the structure of the fibroid, but also to assess its blood flow.

Along with ultrasound diagnostics, methods such as computer and Magnetic resonance imaging... However, the methods of radiation diagnostics in women of reproductive age are resorted to under strict clinical indications.

In case of violation of the menstrual cycle, patients are shown diagnostic hysteroscopy- a highly informative method that allows to assess not only the state of the uterine cavity, pathological processes of the endometrium, the type of node and its location, but also to resolve the issue of the possibility of performing transcervical fibromectomy with endoscopic control. Carrying out such a procedure is possible only in patients with fibroma with an increase in the uterus for no more than 12-13 weeks of pregnancy.

In addition, to assess the state of the endometrium for diagnostic purposes, endometrial scraping with histological examination is used. The results of histological examination can significantly affect the tactics of patient management. Carrying out diagnostic curettage allows you to decide on the continuation of conservative therapy or the volume of surgery.

In special cases, if it is necessary to differentiate fibroids and giant tumors of the ovary and retroperitoneal tumors, resort to diagnostic laparoscopy.

Treatment of uterine fibroids

There are two main tactics for treating uterine fibroids - conservative and surgical. The only way to completely get rid of the tumor is by surgery.

Conservative treatment methods are to influence pathogenetic changes to slow down the growth of uterine fibroids. This can be achieved by prescribing hormone therapy. The main drugs here can be progestogens, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, androgens, gonadotropin antagonists. Correction of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, normalization of immune processes, restoration of menstrual function, prevention of inflammatory diseases can also have a beneficial effect on the disease.

Despite the positive results of conservative therapy, surgical treatment remains the leading method in the treatment of uterine fibroids. The scope of the operation largely depends on the patient's age and her desire to maintain the ability to become pregnant, on the location and size of fibromatous nodes, the rate and nature of their growth.

The indications for surgical treatment are:

symptomatic uterine fibroma (presence of pain syndrome, pathological uterine bleeding, signs of anemia);
submucous location of uterine fibroids;
subserous node of uterine fibroids on the pedicle;
the rapid growth of fibroids and its large size;
cervical and cervical-isthmus localization of fibroids;
acute malnutrition of fibroma nodes, pronounced ischemic and degenerative changes;
the presence of a fibromatous node in the area of the tubal angle of the uterus;
fibroma compression of the pelvic organs-bladder, ureters, rectum. Especially if it leads to disruption of their functions.

Previously, the only treatment for fibroma was radical surgery.-hysterectomy, that is, removal of the uterus. The modern approach is to remove fibromatous nodes using laparoscopic technologies, which allows you to preserve not only menstrual function, but also the woman's ability to carry a child. Uterine artery embolization, which is both an independent procedure and one of the stages of preparation for surgery, can be classified as minimally invasive organ-preserving surgeries. Due to a decrease in blood flow after UAE, the nutrition of the nodes is disrupted, which leads to their decrease and prevents further growth.

With timely diagnosis and treatment, uterine fibroma has a fairly favorable prognosis. Fibroma malignancy, that is, malignancy of the tumor, occurs extremely rarely, in only 2-5% of cases.

Forecast. Prophylaxis

The measures that prevent the development of uterine fibroids include the timely detection and treatment of gynecological pathologies, the implementation of reproductive function, adherence to the principles of a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition, and rejection of bad habits.

Fibromatosis is a disease that usually occurs in women of reproductive age and has a favorable prognosis with timely treatment. Pathology occurs against the background of hormonal imbalance and is a signal indicating the presence of neoplasms that can cause discomfort and significantly worsen the quality of life.

In the initial stages, the disease develops asymptomatically, and, as a rule, it can be detected by chance, for example, during a planned ultrasound scan during pregnancy.

What does this ailment mean?

The diagnosis of fibromatosis is understood as the process when the muscle tissue of the uterus is replaced by the connective tissue. It has a dense structure, therefore it is not so elastic and does not contract well.

The disease can gradually develop into fibroids or fibroids, and also go away on its own after menopause.

Growing up, the abnormal tissue causes the uterus to enlarge, although under certain circumstances it can be in the body without developing for decades. The disease is rarely found in women younger than 30 years old. Usually, age-related hormonal changes can provoke the development of a pathological process.

Signs

Since the initial stages of the disease are characterized by small changes in the tissues, the symptomatology does not have pronounced pathological processes. But in the future, due to the loss of elasticity of muscle fibers, menstrual flow becomes longer and more abundant. In addition, in the middle of the cycle, a daub with splashes of blood may appear. Menses become painful, and intercourse is uncomfortable.

All these symptoms should alert and become a reason for visiting a gynecologist.

Causes

There are many factors in the development of fibromatosis. Among the main ones are the following:

Injuries to the muscle fibers of the uterus during gynecological scrapings or operations.
Ovarian disease. The inflammatory process disrupts the balance of estrogens and progesterones, which negatively affects the state of the myometrium and leads to its replacement.
Disruptions and hormonal disturbances, which can arise both as a result of age-related changes and develop against the background of injuries or brain tumors, as well as as a result of malfunctions in the central nervous system.
Obesity and related pathologies of internal organs.
The presence of such deviations in the genitourinary system in relatives.

Fibroma of the uterus is a condition known as uterine leiomyoma, a common, noncancerous growth of the lining of the endometrium of the uterus. Fibroids are muscle cells, tissues, sizes ranging from a pea to 12.7-15.24 cm in width.

Fibroids are diagnosed in 25-30% of women. Although the pathogenesis is not well understood, fibroma depends on individual fibroid cells and not on the metastatic process. Fibroids are considered the most common benign solid tumors of the female genital tract. Although often asymptomatic symptoms can cause infertility, pain, bleeding. Gynecology is an area of study of uterine fibroids. The ICD-10 code (this is a classification of diseases that is approved by the WHO) uterine myoma has D25.

Fibroids can outgrow the blood supply and degenerate. Degeneration is described as hyaline, myxomatous, calcifying, cystic, fatty, red (only during pregnancy), or necrotic. The patient often looks worried about fibroid cancer, with sarcomatous changes occurring in less than 1% of patients. The connective tissue tumor is benign.

Myoma happens:

intramural (uterine wall);
submucosa (under the lining of the uterus);
subserous (under the outer surface of the uterus).

Causes

The cause of uterine fibroids is unknown. Ovarian hormones (estrogen, progesterone) are thought to play a role in development according to the OWH. The researchers believe that growth is influenced by ovarian hormones. Fibroids rarely occur before a woman begins pregnancy and menopause.

Fibroids are more common in obese women with menopause. Cigarette smoking is recognized as a provoking factor.

Onset of symptoms

Women often do not experience symptoms. Submucosal fibroids alter the ability of the uterus to control menstrual bleeding, leading to heavy periods associated with blood clots that cause seizures. The difference is that they typically do not cause pain or emergency bleeding between periods.

Nodular and subserous fibroids, unlike others, as a rule, do not lead to difficult periods.

Symptoms of uterine fibroids:

chronic pressure;
a symptom of obstructed bowel function;
back pain and pelvic pain;
pain during sex;
clothes seem tight.

By the listed signs, it is possible to recognize fibroids.

Fibroids can lead to anemia, fatigue, and blockages in blood vessels and nerves, which can cause acute and severe pain.

Fibroids are dangerous by increasing the risk of infertility. During pregnancy, this threatens a recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Diagnosis

A critique of the surgical treatment of fibroids compares the available myomectomy methods. Statistical analyzes highlight the advantages of the laparoscopic and hysteroscopic approaches.

While open myomectomy results in a limited morbidity similar to hysterectomy, the differences in laparoscopic myomectomy result in significant medical, social and economic benefits for the patient, with less postoperative pain and shorter recovery times.

Sem and Mettler published the first work on laparoscopic myomectomy in 1980. Today, the uterine outgrowth is enucleated according to the indicated method. Standard laparoscopic surgery is complemented by robotic support and an abdominal entrance, often modified to NOS (natural orifice surgery) and natural transluminal endoscopic orifice surgery called single port entrance.

Individual nodes may not be palpable during the examination of the gynecologist. Thus, the specialist will not be able to make an accurate diagnosis.

Ultrasound is recognized as the standard method for detecting benign uterine tumors. This helps to see the location and size of the nodes, plus distinguish cancer from fibroids.

Additionally, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are used.

Examination should show a neoplasm in the ovary and uterine appendages. Data on the period and results of ultrasound examination are required in order to make an accurate diagnosis.

Complications

Women with subserous uterine myoma are predicted to have a favorable pregnancy, but this does not reduce the risk of complications. Complications: premature birth in a pregnant woman, the child is locked in position, during childbirth, there is a risk of the need for a cesarean section. In selected women during pregnancy, pain is noted during the 1st and 2nd trimester.

Consequences and complications can arise due to the location of fibroids in the uterus. They range from intermittent bleeding to continuous bleeding over several weeks, from isolated episodes of pain to severe pain, from dysuria and constipation to chronic bladder and bowel spasms. Peritonitis is extremely rare.

The difficulty of laparoscopic and hysteroscopic myomectomy differs in achieving satisfactory hemostasis using appropriate sutures. Hysteroscopic myomectomy requires an operative hysteroscope and an experienced gynecological surgeon to operate on the connective outgrowth in the uterus.

Sometimes, with fibroids, the fallopian tubes can become distorted and blocked, making it difficult for sperm to pass from the cervix to them.

Treatment

Gonadotropin-containing hormone (GnRH) is used to relieve the symptom of pain.

Asymptomatic fibroids do not require treatment. A woman should be examined periodically (every 6 to 12 months) by a gynecologist.

For symptomatic fibroids, medical options are introduced into treatment, including suppression of ovarian hormones to stop bleeding. Opportunities are sub-optimal and limited. Physicians should consider medical clinical management and discuss other options before performing surgery. Agonists (GnRH) are sometimes given before surgery to shrink fibrous tissue. These drugs often stop menstruation and allow blood tests to run. In the perimenopausal period, it is permissible to wait, because the mature outgrowth decreases in size after menopause or can disappear.

Preparations for fibrous tumors

A number of drugs are used to relieve symptoms, reduce fibrotic growth, or both:

agonists (GnRH);
exogenous progestins;
antiprogestins;
selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs);
danazol.

Agonists (GnRH) are often the drug of choice. For large fibroids, they can reduce fibrous size and bleeding.

These drugs can reduce the production of estrogen. Agonists (GnRH) are most beneficial when given preoperatively to reduce fibrous and uterine volume, make surgery more technically feasible and reduce blood loss. In general, the drugs mentioned should not be used in the long term. Recovery growth to pretreatment size within 6 months is common and bone demineralization is possible. To prevent a situation where drugs are used for a long time, doctors must give the patient additional estrogen.

Exogenous progestins can partially suppress estrogen stimulation of uterine fibrous growth. Progestins can reduce uterine bleeding, but may not shrink fibroids in the same way as agonists (GnRH). These drugs can be taken every day (continuous therapy). This therapy often reduces bleeding and provides contraception.

Progestin therapy causes the muscle layer to grow in some women's uterus. A levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) can be used to reduce uterine bleeding.

Danazol is an androgenic agonist, can suppress fibrous growth in the early stages, but has a high rate of adverse effects (weight gain, acne, edema, hair loss, flushing, vaginal dryness), so it is taken less.

Surgery for fibroids

Surgery is usually used for women in the following cases:

Rapidly increasing tumor-like formation of the small pelvis.
Recurrent uterine bleeding, refractory to drug treatment.
Severe or persistent pain or pressure under the skin (requires opioids to control or is unbearable for the patient).
A large uterus that has a massive effect in the abdomen, causing bowel urinary symptoms or constricting other organs, causing dysfunction (such as hydronephrosis).
Infertility (if pregnancy is desired).
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (if pregnancy is desired).
Dimensions for the operation to remove the mimoma.
Other factors contributing to surgery are the completion of the birth of the child and the patient's expressed desire for an accurate treatment.

Myomoectomy is done laparoscopically or without automated methods.

A hysterectomy can also be done laparoscopically, vaginally, or laparotomy (an incision in the abdomen).

Most of the indications for myomectomy and hysterectomy are similar. Patient selection is important, but people should be well informed about the anticipated difficulties and complications of myomectomy versus hysterectomy.

Removal in parts is done during myomectomy or hysterectomy. It is removed in parts, including cutting fibroids or intrauterine tissue into small parts so as to be removed through a smaller incision (eg, laparoscopically). It is extremely rare for women undergoing surgery for uterine fibroids to have an unsuspected, undiagnosed sarcoma or other uterine cancer. If removed in parts, the malignant cells can be disseminated into the peritoneum. Patients should be advised that if piecemeal removal is used, there is a small risk of cancer cell dissemination.

If women wish to become pregnant or want to save the uterus, myomectomy is used. In about 60% of women with infertility due to fibroids, myomectomy restores fertility, and it is possible to become pregnant after about 14 months. However, hysterectomy is often necessary or preferred by the patient.

This is a more accurate treatment. After myomectomy, new fibroids sometimes begin to grow again, and approximately 25% of women with myomectomy will find a hysterectomy about 4-8 years later.

Patients have other pathologies that make the surgery more complicated (extensive adhesions, endometriosis).

Hysterectomy reduces the risk of other disorders. This includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and others.

New treatments may relieve symptoms, but the duration of symptom relief and the effectiveness of treatments in restoring fertility have not been evaluated.

High intensity focused echography.
Cryotherapy.
Radio frequency amputation.
Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery.
X-ray detection.
Uterine artery embolization.

Uterine artery embolization tends to induce the formation of fibroid infarction throughout the uterus while maintaining normal uterine tissue. Women recover faster after the procedure than after hysterectomy or myomectomy, but complication and return rates tend to be higher. The treatment failure rate is 20-23%, in such cases, treatment with hysterectomy is required.

Choice of treatment

To treat fibroma, factors are taken into account:

Asymptomatic fibroids: No treatment required.
Postmenopausal women: test expectant management, postmenopausal fibroids become smaller.
Symptomatic fibroids provided pregnancy is desired: uterine artery embolization, another new technique (high intensity focused echography) or myomectomy.
Severe symptoms when other treatments have failed, especially if pregnancy is unwanted: hysterectomy, possibly preceded by drug treatment (with GnRH agonists).

Treatment of uterine fibroids with folk remedies

Treatment of uterine fibroids with folk remedies is a fairly popular treatment method aimed at eliminating unpleasant symptoms, as well as reducing bleeding.

For treatment, exclusively natural herbal ingredients are used, for example, calendula, which is brewed and taken orally.

Other remedies include blue iodine with milk, walnuts, and flaxseeds. But before you self-medicate, you need to consult your doctor.

Calendula (2 tablespoons) is poured into an empty bottle, left in the dark for two weeks, shaken daily. Juice gradually appears. After the expiration of the period, filter the resulting mixture. Drink 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day.

Homeopathy helps to get rid of symptoms and swelling so as not to undergo hormonal treatments. From this, balances in the central nervous system are restored. The concentration of estrogen decreases. A qualified homeopath selects drugs. But this does not always achieve a certain effect.

Prophylaxis

Regular visits to the gynecologist.
Compliance with a diet (inclusion of vitamins in the diet).
The diet involves a healthy diet. Fried food, alcohol, overeating should be excluded.
Exclusion of bad habits - smoking.
Check hormone levels.
Use contraception.

Psychosomatics of fibroids

Psychosomatics strongly influences the course of the disease. If you often experience stress, overeat, then this will aggravate the situation, and the cure of the disease will proceed more slowly.

Modern research shows that there is a connection between the psychological state and the development of uterine fibroids. This must be taken into account in the treatment and explained to women, because with psychological help, good results can be achieved, up to the fact that the fibroma can be reduced without the use of surgical methods.

Factors affecting the development of a psychosomatic state:

unwillingness to become pregnant and making decisions about abortion;
not getting pleasure from sexual contact;
stress associated with resentment;
low self-esteem;
lack of self-love.

These psychosomatic factors trigger a destructive program. From this, the internal state worsens, various diseases appear, which include uterine fibroids. Miscarriage also often affects the psychosomatics of the disease. Long-term depression appears, from which fibroids develop.

Fibroma of the uterus is a serious condition. The course of the disease depends on the control of one's own health. It is required to be more calm about everything, not to worry about trifles. Then the disease may disappear altogether.

If uterine fibroma occurs, the symptoms and treatment of this disease are one of the urgent tasks of gynecologists. It is a neoplasm that often occurs in women of childbearing age, usually 30 years or more before menopause. They are called fibroids or leiomyomas. Unfortunately, today they are the most common gynecological disease. Thus, there is a trend towards an increase in the incidence of fibroids in women under thirty.

Typically, fibroids arise from the smooth muscles of the uterus (myometrium).

The cell begins to divide multiple times, ultimately creating a solid mass that is different from the surrounding.

The growth of fibroids is different. They can grow both quickly and slowly.
Some fibroids look like growths, some contract on their own.
Fibroids can be separate or grouped and consist of many small fibroids.
Fibroids often disappear after pregnancy, and the uterus returns to its normal appearance.

Depending on the place of formation of fibroids, they are divided into:

Subserous, which are formed on the outer cavity of the uterus and grow into the abdominal cavity. This can negatively affect the urinary system of the body if the fibroid puts pressure on the bladder. If the fibroid is on the back of the uterus, then it will compress the intestine. Which can lead to constipation. And if the pressure is on the spinal nerves, then back pain may occur.
Intramural, formed in the muscle layer. The most common. They lead to menstrual irregularities and pain. The uterus is enlarged.
Submucous, formed inside the uterus under the mucous membrane. They cause problems with the menstrual cycle, are accompanied by severe pain and lead to problems during pregnancy.
Interscile, formed inside the walls of the muscles of the uterus.

There is also a classification of fibroids by the European Society of Hysteroscopy. According to it, fibroids are subdivided according to the place of localization, size and degree of spread into the uterine cavity.

Zero degree - a tumor of the submucosal or intracavitary location.
Degree one - myoma extends over half the mass of the myometrium.
The second degree - when the tumor passes between the walls of the muscles of the uterus and occupies more than fifty percent of the volume localized intramurally.
This classification is imperfect, therefore many fibroids are not included in it.

Read also: How is endometrial hyperplasia treated with folk remedies?

Causes of the disease

Fibromatosis of the uterus: what is it and what are its causes? The causes of fibromatosis have not been precisely established. This is believed to be related to the level of estrogen, a female sex hormone. For example, it is not known why women of African descent have this disease twice as often as women with white skin type. In addition to this factor, the development of this disease can be influenced by:

genital infections;
hormonal disorders;
heredity;
overweight;
wrong lifestyle (alcoholism, smoking), stress, ecology.

Fibroma of the uterus: symptoms of this disease. Signs of illness can be as follows:

pain in the lower abdomen, can go to the lower back;
heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding;
violation of the monthly cycle;
big belly;
problems with the pelvic organs.

What is the danger of such a disease? If you do not take up the treatment of this disease in time, the consequences can be significant, namely:

The growth of this neoplasm can lead to problems of the pelvic organs.
Myomyoma vessels are more susceptible to damage, so hemorrhages occur there easily. They can become inflamed and cause intoxication.
Uterine bleeding.
With subserous fibroids, a clinical picture of an acute abdomen is possible, which will require immediate surgical intervention.
Interscile fibroids impair contractile function. This will lead to the impossibility of independent childbirth.
Fibroids can significantly impede fertilization and cause infertility.
Sumbucous fibroids leads to termination of pregnancy at two weeks.
Blood loss can lead to organ anemia.
In rare cases, up to 3% of fibroids can develop into a malignant tumor. These are mainly subserous fibroids.

Diagnosis of fibroids

How is uterine fibromatosis detected? In order to detect this problem as early as possible, which will greatly simplify treatment, the following diagnostic methods are used.

The number of people who are diagnosed with benign formations on the skin - fibromas - is increasing every year. A disease of this kind can appear in both a child and an adult.

Fibroma - what it is, what are its symptoms and treatment, what types of disease exist. The symptomatology of a soft tissue defect is practically absent.

What is fibroma and how is it dangerous

So what is a fibrous mass? It is a benign nodule that forms from connective tissue cells. The tumor affects different parts of the human body and organs: skin, mammary glands, uterus, ovaries, and so on.

Fibroma of soft tissues belongs to benign neoplasms, but with untimely treatment, the tumor enters the malignant phase.

Single or multiple (fibromatosis) lesions of connective tissue, soft and hard forms of the disease are distinguished. Removal of education is performed using different techniques:

surgical excision;
cryodestruction;
laser therapy;
radio wave exposure.

Soft

The mild type of the disease refers to multiple tissue damage. It appears on the face or neck, in the armpits, under the mammary glands. The neoplasm differs in color, which varies from flesh to brown. A soft oncological defect looks like a round polyp on a leg. If she is injured, pain is felt, bleeding is observed.

Solid

A fibrous solid tumor is a small growth. It is located above the skin or mucous membrane. Often, this type of ailment has dimensions of no more than 1 centimeter, it is formed on a spacious basis. It is not at all difficult to recognize her. It affects the limbs, internal organs (lungs, heart, stomach, uterus, vagina, etc.).

Fibroma of soft tissues

A tissue tumor often develops in men and women on the skin, mammary glands, tendons. The location of such oncology of all types is very diverse. The neoplasm mainly affects the soft tissues of the arms and legs, the body region, face, and neck. Often, benign oncology appears in internal cavities and organs. Let's consider the main forms of the tumor.

Uterus

Fibroma of the uterus - what is it? This type of oncology is formed in the muscle tissue of the uterus. Neoplasms are divided into fibroids, fibroids and fibroids. The first type consists of connective tissues.

Myoma is an oncology formed from muscle tissue, and uterine fibroids, the symptoms and treatment of which are identical to the classic form of the disease - this is the formation of connective and muscle fibers.

In most cases, the uterine tumor does not have pronounced symptoms, but sometimes its size or location gives the woman severe pain, and sometimes even bleeding appears. The sizes of multiple nodes range from small to large formations. It happens that the anomaly grows to a very large size.

Breast

Fibroma of the breast is detected in many women. The emergence of oncology is often closely related to hormonal changes in the female body (menstruation, menopause, childbirth).

Breast fibroma is classified into two types: fibroadenoma and fibroadenomatosis. The first type is a solid ball that moves around.

The second - fills the mammary gland completely, which causes a person severe pain.

Ovary

A rounded neoplasm with a smooth or knotty surface, which has a leg, is ovarian fibroma. If it is small, then the symptoms are almost not manifested. When the formation increases, it often leads to the following symptoms of the disease:

severe weakness;
fast fatiguability;
dyspnea;
tachycardia;
pain;
bloating of the abdominal cavity.

Skin

Fibrous tumor of the skin refers to benign pathologies of the connective tissue. Formations of a soft structure are located on various parts of the body (in the folds of the groin, armpits, on the chest, on the fingers).

This type of cancer is often detected in female representatives after 40-50 years. A solid neoplasm forms in both women and men.

It has a dense structure and protrudes above the surface of the skin.

Angiofibroma is a fibroma-derived formation. It is composed of connective fibers, with vessels on a smooth surface. This type of benign fibrous anomaly develops as a noticeable small nodule that is flesh-colored or light brown in color. It is often diagnosed in males and females over the age of 45.

Lungs

Oncological diseases also affect the human lungs. Fibroma of the lungs - what is it, what is their feature? A very dangerous tumor, often affecting both respiratory organs at once, can grow in size.

It occurs at any age, there are multiple and solitary forms of the disease. At first it has no signs, but with significant growth, there is a feeling of heaviness in the chest, pressure on the organs of the sternum.

In the language

A benign tumor of the oral mucosa, consisting of connective fibers, is called fibroma of the mouth. A neoplasm is formed on the mucous membrane of the lips, gums, palate, tongue, inside the cheeks. It looks like a round knot with a stem or large base. If a tumor on the tongue or other part of the oral cavity is often damaged, then it can transform into a malignant one.

On the face

Facial fibroma is localized in different parts of the face, affecting people of different sexes of any age. The main symptom of the disease is the sudden appearance of a small hard or soft growth. In general, pathology on the face proceeds without symptoms, unless it is susceptible to touch. Often forms in / on the nose, ears, eyelids.

Bone fibroma

Bone fibrous growth often occurs in young children and adolescents. Formed in the tibia or femur.

Symptoms of this type of disease are completely absent (except for an unexpected fracture of a bone affected by a tumor). The neoplasm belongs to a rare variety of benign osteogenic cancers.

Fibrosis of bones on the leg or arm of non-osteogenic form practically does not occur.

Video: is fibroma dangerous?

The video tells about what a soft tissue fibroma is, how dangerous this disease is to health and life. After watching the video, you can find out what types of tumors exist, how to deal with them. Such useful information will allow you to identify the disease in time and be examined by a doctor who will prescribe the optimal therapy.

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

A source: https://sovets.net/4169-fibroma-chto-eto-takoe.html

Causes and treatment of uterine fibroids

Fibroma of the uterus is a diagnosis that every 7 woman after 35 years old can hear when visiting a gynecologist. The diagnosis is called into question after examination in an obstetric chair.

To identify exactly the pathology, a woman will need to undergo a series of special tests. The disease, as a rule, affects the body of the uterus, in rare cases it is localized in the cervical region.

How to recognize the symptoms of fibroma, how the therapy goes, our article will help you figure it out.

What are uterine fibroids and is it dangerous?

Pathology refers to benign formations. It is associated with hormonal changes in a woman's body. In structure, it is a tumor, consisting of muscle fibers, connective tissues. Almost 40% of women after 35 years of age suffer from uterine fibroids. Many gynecologists associate the appearance of education with the onset of menopause, or, conversely, its completion. It is extremely rare for pathology to go away on its own in certain cycles of the reproductive system.

Fibroma of the uterus should be diagnosed early in order to prevent unwanted consequences for the female body. It has been proven that pathology can bring severe discomfort over time. It can manifest itself as:

disruption in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding;
lower abdominal pain;
sweating and fever at night;
infertility;
vaginal bleeding;
miscarriage.

The disease requires careful diagnosis and elimination of the problem in the early stages of its development in order to prevent the transition of a benign state to a malignant one.

It's important to know! Fibroma of the uterus can become one of the causes of miscarriages and infertility. If a woman cannot get pregnant for many years, it is worth undergoing diagnostics to recognize a benign formation.

Causes of occurrence

Fibroid tumor of the uterus does not occur in girls who are not sexually active. Based on these data, gynecologists talk about the hormonal nature of the disease. Fibroma occurs more often in the age period from 35 to 55 years old, it falls on sharp changes in hormonal levels. The hereditary factor of pathology is not excluded, as in other oncological diseases.

Interesting fact! It has been proven that a tumor can grow independently and return to its original size. During pregnancy, it can increase significantly, some time after labor it can decrease in size. The same behavior of education is seen during the onset and completion of menopause.

Experts identify factors that lead to the risk of uterine fibroids and these include:

late or too early onset of menstruation;
period of menopause, pregnancy;
various intrauterine manipulations (installation of a spiral, etc.);
chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus or appendages;
overweight, obesity;
lack of sexual activity, or rare contacts;
endocrine system pathology;
hormonal disruptions;
varicose veins, thrombosis;
hypertension;
long-term use of hormonal contraceptives;
diabetes;
abortions, miscarriages;
late childbirth.

Separately, it should be said about the psychological risk factor. Gynecologists assure that dissatisfaction with personal life, intimate relationships, frequent stress can lead to the development of a tumor process.

Symptoms - how to recognize the first signs of uterine fibroids

Fibroma of the uterus is diagnosed at any stage, but the symptoms are clearly manifested when the process has already an average degree of development.

It is much more effective to treat pathology at the initial stage, therefore, due to the wear and tear and the absence of signs of the disease, it is worth undergoing preventive examinations by a gynecologist at least 2 times a year.

The first signs appear much later than the beginning of the growth of education. The woman begins to notice the following manifestations:

pains of a slight aching or sharp nature in the lower abdomen;
instability of the menstrual cycle;
menorrhagia (prolonged heavy periods);
metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding with the presence of clots);
impossibility of fertilization and pregnancy;
pain in the lumbar region.

The first signs of a woman are often confused with the manifestations of osteochondrosis, a common disruption in the menstrual cycle due to colds, physical exertion, etc., which complicates the self-diagnosis process.

It's important to know! Symptoms of uterine fibroids will differ in each patient in view of age data, concomitant pathologies, tumor localization.

Gradually, the symptomatology begins to become more pronounced due to the growth of the tumor. Fibroma begins to appear in the form of the following symptoms. If they occur, you must urgently go to the hospital for treatment:

Uterine bleeding. In view of severe blood loss, a woman often begins to feel weakness, dizziness, the skin becomes pale. Menstruation becomes profuse and prolonged, with clots present. Menses can be observed in the middle of the cycle, as spotting. They usually go away in a few hours or days. They are replaced by heavy menstruation. Prolonged uterine bleeding can lead to anemia. If a woman noticed changes in the cycle, it is imperative to consult a gynecologist.
Acute abdomen syndrome. He has clear signs of cramping pains throughout the abdomen. They are able to give in the area between the legs, hips, lower back. In parallel, bloating, muscle tension, and deterioration in general well-being are observed. During palpation, the patient feels severe pain.
Fever with increased temperature.

An experienced gynecologist will be able to immediately recognize uterine fibroids by palpation. For any signs that cause inconvenience, you should consult a doctor. This will increase the possibility of non-surgical intervention.

Diagnostics

To recognize uterine fibroids, your doctor will need to be examined on a gynecological chair. After that, the gynecologist will be able to either put the tumor in question and prescribe further diagnostics, or will give a conclusion about the absence of pathology.

Further and more in-depth diagnostics include types of research:

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and abdominal cavity (it is necessary to undergo a transvaginal examination, it gives large and accurate results);
endometrial biopsy;
hydrosonography (an accurate method that allows you to recognize the disease at an early stage);
hysteroscopy (a special umbrella is inserted through the cervical canal for internal examination of the organ);
hysterosalpingography (a contrast agent is injected into the body of the uterus and tubes for a detailed examination of the organ on x-rays).

As a rule, to make a diagnosis, it is enough to undergo an ultrasound scan and an organ biopsy.

Treatment

Therapy can be divided into 2 types - standard and folk. The first includes the classic methods of modern medicine, the second helps to cope with the initial signs of pathology or acts as a complex remedy in the fight against the disease.

Traditional methods

Conservative methods are required if there is an accelerated growth process or an enlarged uterus. Then doctors can prescribe medication. Their action is aimed at stopping the growth of fibroma development. As a rule, treatment is based on hormonal drugs, these include:

gonadotropin-releasing factor agonists (Dipherelin);
antigonadotropins (Danazol);
gestagens (Nemestran, Norkolut).

The gynecologist may advise you to use the Mirena intrauterine system with levonorgestrel. The complex treatment includes drugs that help stop uterine bleeding (Ditsinon, Vikasol, aminocaproic acid).

Indications for surgical intervention

Sometimes conservative methods do not help; doctors have to use surgical intervention. It is necessary for the following signs and conditions of the female body:

extensive and large tumors;
torsion and necrosis of the node;
the rapid growth of education;
dysfunction of the pelvic organs;
miscarriage, infertility;
subserous myoma on the pedicle.

According to the indications, the tumor is removed by laparoscopy. If a patient of a young childbearing age is trying to preserve an organ, they offer the following types of surgical intervention:

supravaginal amputation;
defundation of the uterus;
extirpation.

After the listed interventions, the woman retains fertility, menstruation is restored some time after the operation.

Folk remedies

Today, traditional medicine offers many recipes for getting rid of benign formations. Natural herbs, tinctures and decoctions help stop the tumor growth process.

For the treatment of uterine fibroids, means based on celandine, motherwort, and boron uterus are used. The recipes are easy to prepare. Borovaya uterus is sold in the pharmacy network, it is considered a female herb, as it helps with many gynecological problems.

It's important to know! Before using a recipe from a borax uterus, you should consult a specialist. The herb has a hormonal composition, which can affect the course of the disease in an unfavorable direction.

The broth should stand for at least 3 hours, after which it will be used as directed. It is advisable to alternate this method of therapy with others every other day.

Gynecologists talk about the advisability of taking the drug from the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle until its end.

Treatment with celandine takes place through tincture. She prepares as follows:

alcohol and plant are taken in a ratio of 10 to 1;
celandine is poured with alcohol and infused in a dark place for 2 weeks.

The resulting tincture is used according to a special scheme:

for 0.5 cups of boiled water 1 drop of tincture - on the first day;
for 0.5 cups of boiled water 2 drops of tincture - on the second day;
for 0.5 cups of boiled water, 3 drops of tincture - on the third day.

The therapy continues when 15 drops are reached for a constant amount of water, after which the dosage is reduced by 1 drop as well. Complete therapy takes 30 days.

Motherwort is used in the treatment of uterine tumors due to its healing composition. This plant has a medicinal component - flavonoids. It is necessary to prepare a decoction at the rate of 1 cup of boiling water per 1 tablespoon of herbs. Insist for an hour, then consume 1-2 times a day in small sips before eating. The average rate is a month.

There are many recipes for the treatment of uterine fibroids. It should be remembered that alternative therapy as a healing potion is good in the form of complex therapy. It is impossible to carry out monogamous treatment only with herbal medicine. This can lead to adverse consequences.

What is the difference between myoma and uterine fibroids?

Two definitions speak of a benign process. The difference lies only in the structure of the formations. Fibroids are formed from smooth muscle cells that surround the wall of the uterus.

The fibroma appears as connective tissue. You can often see the definition of "uterine fibroids". The diagnosis speaks of a tumor that has a mixed type of cells and tissue in its structure.

Often, gynecologists detect this particular pathology.

Fibroma may not bother for years, but with the confluence of unfavorable factors, it can begin to develop rapidly. Gynecologists advise every woman to take care of her health and undergo preventive examinations on a gynecological chair on time. This helps in most cases to prevent many pathological processes in the reproductive system.

A source: https://furunkul.com/opuhol/fibroma-matki-chto-eto.html

The causes and methods of treatment of uterine fibroids

Due to the intense life, most women forget to timely monitor their health, even when the menstrual cycle changes, there is abundant discharge, pain in the lower abdomen. Fibroma of the uterus is a diagnosis that is most often found out by chance during a gynecological examination.

A common tumor disease also occurs in young girls of childbearing age. However, the older the woman's age, the higher the risk of developing uterine fibroids.

What it is

Since a large number of people are faced with manifestations of uterine fibroids, every girl should know this.

The tumor, benign type, consists of connective tissue and muscle fibers. The neoplasm has a round shape, prone to slow development.

At the initial stage, the tumor is rarely diagnosed, mostly this happens when the patient already needs surgery.

The size of fibroids can be up to 30 cm. Women during menopause, as well as adolescent girls, do not face such ailment. The disease most often spreads among patients 35-40 years old.

Fibroma usually does not degenerate into an oncological tumor, but its appearance causes disruption of the work of adjacent organs. Whether it is dangerous, first of all, depends on the type of neoplasm:

Usually, the fibroma grows slowly, but if tumor cells begin to divide rapidly, surgical treatment should be carried out immediately. The most dangerous is the pre-sarcoma.

If the neoplasm has many nodes, large size, then sometimes it becomes necessary to remove the uterus. Every woman should understand what uterine fibroma is before the problem appears.

What is the difference between fibroids and fibroids

Myoma is a tumor of a benign type, consisting of muscle tissue. There are nodes between the fibrous parts, their development occurs in the uterine wall.

Tumors of this type do not cause unpleasant symptoms at the initial stage, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. The difference between such neoplasms lies in the internal composition.

A tumor in which only muscle fibers predominate is called myoma. If, along with muscle, there are multiple connective tissues, this is a fibroma. The body of the uterus is affected much more often than the cervix. First, a tumor focus is formed from smooth muscles, after which this nucleus is converted into a fibroma or uterine myoma.

Often there is multiple nodular myoma, the growth of which occurs in different directions. In the inner part and outer nodes, they rarely germinate. However, if this happens, then painful menstruation occurs, heavy bleeding. Some types of tumors can disappear on their own after the onset of menopause. With such a problem, no further treatment is required.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures include an initial survey of the patient; one should not forget about the importance of the presence of concomitant gynecological diseases. After that, the following diagnostic methods are carried out to confirm the diagnosis:

With the help of ultrasound examination of the pelvic area and abdominal cavity, possible tumor processes can be identified. If necessary, carry out transvaginal diagnostics. This is necessary in order to consider the location of the fibroid node.
Ultrasound of the uterine cavity allows you to accurately determine the type of fibroma, the number of nodes, size. This method determines other endometrial pathologies.
With the help of a special instrument, which is directed into the uterine cavity, a biopsy is performed.
A special chamber is placed through the cervical canal into the uterus and an examination is carried out.
A special substance for X-ray contrast examination is injected into the uterus and tubes. This allows you to see the contours of the internal organs.
Doppler examination helps to examine the fibromatous nodes, and in particular the integrity of their vessels. The need for the procedure arises before embolization. This is the name of the modern method of removing a tumor without surgery, by blocking the blood flow.
MRI is performed with the formation of an impressive fibroma, when there is a risk of the tumor turning into a malignant form.
Laparoscopic examination is a procedure in which special surgical instruments are inserted through small holes.

Sometimes uterine fibroma is diagnosed during pregnancy. The presence of a tumor during this period creates a significant number of problems for the mother's body and the fetus. There is a risk of premature termination of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, breech presentation may develop.

Fibroma of the uterus and pregnancy are not always compatible. This ailment is dangerous during childbirth, with a complicated course of the process, rupture of the uterine wall, bleeding can occur. In most cases, women in labor with this diagnosis undergo a caesarean section, because the natural passage of the child through the birth canal is impossible.

Symptoms

Even when the tumor reaches a large size, sometimes there are no signs of the disease, the location of the uterine fibroid plays an important role. The main symptoms of uterine fibroids:

Profuse bleeding during menses, interspersed with clots.
Constant urge to urinate. This happens because a large fibroma puts pressure on the bladder.
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, constipation, due to the fact that the rectum is compressed.
Heaviness in the abdomen.
Pain in the lower abdomen usually occurs only during menstruation. However, in the later stages of the disease, pain may persist.
The abdomen increases in size, as during pregnancy. In this case, the weight remains the same.
Infertility, miscarriage.

If uterine fibroids are detected, symptoms of this type can be dangerous for patients planning a pregnancy. However, with a small tumor, doctors admit the possibility of a safe bearing of the fetus.

The appearance of symptoms and signs with uterine fibroids suggests that the last stage of the disease is observed. The following factors influence the development of the tumor:

the absence of childbirth throughout life;
surgical termination of pregnancy;
taking medicated contraceptives for many years;
chronic inflammation of the appendages;
various neoplasms on the ovaries, mammary glands, skin around the genitals;
irradiation with ultraviolet rays;
constant nervous stress.

Do not ignore the symptoms of uterine fibroids. Especially if such an ailment occurs in a woman after 35 years and the growth of the tumor progresses, you should urgently consult a doctor.

How to treat a disease

If uterine fibroids are found, treatment is most often performed surgically. There are the following indications for surgery:

submucosal fibroids grow too actively;
the sizes of the nodes exceed all permissible parameters;
there are periodic uterine bleeding;
the leg of the tumor is twisted, intolerable pain occurs;
fibroma is combined with inflammation of the ovaries;
in the tubal corner of the uterus there is a node, which is the cause of infertility.

For women under 40, if uterine fibroids are detected, removal is performed by laparoscopy. Such an operation is carried out under local anesthesia; upon completion of the process, long-term rehabilitation is not required. However, this procedure is carried out only with small sizes of fibroids.

After 40 years, fibroids are often removed along with the uterus and appendages. This is usually necessary if the tumor is of impressive size, and there are also concomitant neoplasms. Treatment of uterine fibroids in this way avoids the development of oncology.

In some cases, conservative therapy is carried out, when the development of the disease is stopped with the help of medications. Indications for this technique:

young patient;
small size of the tumor;
the uterine cavity is not deformed.

Embolization - refers to the method of conservative treatment, when a special substance is injected into the arteries of the nodes. In this way, the further development of fibroids is blocked.

When diagnosing fibromatosis of the uterus, symptoms, treatment is carried out with hormonal drugs. The following medications are used: hetagens, antigonadotropins, combined oral contraceptives.

Methods for treating uterine fibroids with folk remedies:

Tincture of celandine. Such a medicine is prepared on the basis of vodka, they start to use with one drop, every day, increasing the dose. The course of treatment is 30 days.
Flax seed decoction, take for 2 weeks, 1 time per day.
Drink 1 glass of potato juice every day for a month.

Such methods of treatment of uterine fibroids are auxiliary. They can only be used with the permission of a doctor.

Is fibroma dangerous?

Not all patients know why fibroma is dangerous. With primary fibromatosis of the uterine body, there are no unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, treatment should be started as early as possible.

If fibrotic processes proceed, for a long time there is a risk of loss of reproductive functions in a woman. In this case, only the doctor, after preliminary diagnosis, will be able to determine the method of treating fibroma.

A source: https://opake.ru/dobrokachestvennaya-opuhol/fibroma-matki

Fibroma of the uterus: what is it and is it dangerous

Fibroids of the uterus is a true benign tumor of the uterus. It develops from muscle tissue. further we will analyze in more detail what it is and whether it is dangerous, we will talk about the causes, symptoms and methods of treating the disease.

What is fibroids?

A fibroid of the uterus is a benign tumor consisting of mature connective tissue. The disease is diagnosed in women 30-40 years old. More often the disease is found in African-American women than in Europeans.

The tumor does not prevent a woman from getting pregnant and giving birth safely. An exception will be tumors that are located in the area of discharge of the fallopian tubes, thereby closing the entrance to them.

Fibromatous nodes of large sizes disrupt the normal position of the fetus, thereby can provoke a miscarriage or early birth, as well as interfere with the normal development of the fetus.

The most dangerous will be the localization of fibroids on the cervix, since childbirth can be complicated by severe bleeding.

If a woman has a fibroma in position, she must be under the supervision of doctors, and, if possible, it is better to diagnose and treat fibroids before pregnancy.

With this disease, the method of childbirth is selected individually in each case.

Depending on where the tumor is located, several types of fibroids are distinguished:

submucous, located in the uterine cavity;
intermuscular;
subserous, located on the surface of the uterus and grows into the abdominal cavity;
fibroma of the cervix.

Causes of uterine fibroids

The true causes of uterine fibroids are still unknown, but there is a connection with hormonal disorders and heredity.

The disease is not susceptible to girls before puberty and women who have started menopause.

If a fibroma is detected in a woman in menopause, it means she was even before the onset of menopause, but did not cause symptoms.

During pregnancy, the size of the fibroma may increase, and after childbirth, the tumor will return to its original size.

Based on this, we can say that female sex hormones play a role in the appearance of a disease such as uterine fibroma.

Factors that increase the risk of developing the disease:

excess weight;
African American descent.
constant stress;
late or too early formation of the menstrual cycle;
a large number of abortions and intrauterine manipulations;
no childbirth at the age of 30;
long-term use without control of hormonal drugs containing estrogen;
chronic inflammation of the reproductive system;
other diseases - obesity, diabetes, hypertension.

Symptoms

According to statistics, only every fourth fibroma of the uterus proceeds with severe symptoms.

Often, the disease does not give clinical signs, even if the tumor has a large diameter (see photo above), and the disease can be detected by chance during a preventive visit to the doctor.

The main symptoms of the disease:

profuse menstruation with blood clots;
due to the fact that the neoplasm presses on the bladder - frequent trips to the toilet;
constipation due to compression of the rectum;
feeling of heaviness in the abdomen;
pain during menstruation, but in the last stages of the disease, aching pain in the lower abdomen and lower back is permanent;
the size of the abdomen may increase, which will even require a change of wardrobe, despite the fact that the weight has remained the same;
with large sizes and a certain localization of fibroids, there may be no pregnancy when planning, or not bearing a fetus.

Diagnostics

In order to avoid the development of severe complications, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner, who will prescribe the necessary examination, and, based on the results, decide how and how to treat the disease.

It is not always possible to distinguish between fibroids and uterine fibroids, especially when connective tissue is pronounced in the fibroid. For this purpose, a biopsy or histology of the removed tumor is done.

Diagnostics types:

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs helps to determine the presence of a tumor. An examination with a transvaginal sensor will be more informative, since it will be possible to examine fibromatous nodes.
Hydrosonography. This type of diagnosis makes it possible to identify a submucous fibroma in one hundred percent of cases, determine its location, as well as diagnose concomitant endometrial diseases, and determine the thickness of the uterine wall.
Endometrial biopsy. It is carried out using a special instrument that is passed into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal.
Hysteroscopy - consists in examining the uterine cavity from the inside using a fiber optic camera.
Hysterosalpingography. A radiopaque fluid is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes, which makes it possible to see the internal contours.
Doppler ultrasound is usually prescribed before embolization, in order to assess the intensity of blood flow in the tumor and its nodes. This method is also used to test the effectiveness of this intervention.
Angiography is an examination of the vessels of the uterus after a radiopaque contrast fluid has been injected into them. The method of examination makes it possible to determine the malignant degeneration of the fibroma and thereby change the treatment in a timely manner.
MRI with or without contrast enhancement will be useful in the presence of large tumors and in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the embolization performed.

Treatment of uterine fibroids

Before choosing a method for treating fibroma, you should know its size and location.

In addition, how to treat fibroma will depend on what the symptoms and signs of the disease are, on the woman's age, whether the patient is going to have a baby in the future, as well as on the general state of health.

There are two types of treatment for uterine fibroids:

Medication.
Surgical.

Drug treatment

Therapy of the disease by means of drugs is prescribed in the event of bleeding, pain in the abdomen, if the uterine fibroma has a diameter of no more than three centimeters, and also if there are contraindications for the operation or the woman refuses to undergo surgery.

Patients who are in a climatic period are offered observation, since with a decrease in the synthesis of female hormones, tumor regression occurs.

Drug treatment is designed to eliminate pain, anemia, which is the result of bleeding, hyperplastic changes in the endometrium, which always accompany fibroma.

The doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs, iron, analgesics, hormones that bring the menstrual cycle back to normal.

Treatment with hormonal drugs has its own contraindications and side effects, and therefore the need for taking and choosing a drug can only be determined by a qualified specialist.

Side effects of hormonal drugs:

hot flashes;
feeling hot;
Sjogren's syndrome;
osteoporosis;
emotional lability.

Taking hormonal drugs will be effective only for small tumors.

Since uterine fibroids are estrogen-dependent, medications are used to treat it that reduce the effect of estrogens on fibroids:

Antigonadotropins - reduce the production of gonadotropic hormones by the pituitary gland and estrogen by the ovaries, which reduces the hormonal feeding of fibroids (Danol, Nemestran);
Gestagens are drugs that normalize the menstrual cycle (Janine, Yarina). They are used for tumors of small diameter, which are accompanied by endometrial hyperplasia and the presence of bleeding.
Intrauterine device "Mirena";
Analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, which can reduce the amount of estrogen. These drugs have a temporary effect, and therefore they are prescribed before a planned operation in order to reduce the diameter of the fibroids.

Surgical intervention

Removing uterine fibroids carries risks, but it also has benefits. The decision to perform an operation is considered individually, and depends on the condition of a particular patient.

Removal of uterine fibroids is called myomectomy. Such an operation is performed using a hysteroscope, a laparoscope, or with open access to the abdominal cavity.

The choice of method will depend on where exactly the tumor is located and what diameter it is.

Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the most common operation for this disease. This method is used if:

fibroid growth for more than four weeks per year;
suspect a malignant formation - sarcoma;
fibroids of the uterus are more than 16 weeks in size;
postmenopausal growth;
fibroma is located on the cervix;
there is no possibility to carry out an operation and save the organ.

This method will have less blood loss compared to myomectomy. If uterine or ovarian cancer is suspected, the appendages are also removed during the operation.

Myomectomy

In a myomectomy, an incision is made in the lower abdomen and the nodes are removed from the muscular wall of the uterus. This makes it possible to preserve the uterus and give birth to a child in the future.

During surgery, the bladder and rectum can be damaged, but these cases are quite rare. With subserous neoplasms, removal is performed by means of laparoscopy.

This operation is not performed if:

uterus for more than 18 weeks;
nodes are located low on the back wall;
there are interconnection nodes.

Even if the appendages persist, women experience symptoms and signs of menopause, in this regard, patients are prescribed hormone replacement therapy.

Embolization of the uterine arteries

The method of treatment is that the blood supply to the tumor is cut off. During the procedure, a thin tube is inserted into the femoral artery. Under the control of the apparatus, the features of the blood supply to the uterus are revealed.

Then, very small particles are placed in the artery that feeds the fibroids, which are designed to block the flow of blood to the fibrous node, and as a result, the node decreases in size.

This method will be most suitable for patients who do not want to undergo surgery, and other methods of treatment have not yielded results.

At the same time, the uterus is preserved and in the future it is possible to give birth to a child. If the fibroids of the uterus are large, the procedure is performed as a preparatory procedure before myomectomy, in order to reduce the diameters of the fibroids.

FUS ablation

An innovative method, which is based on the action of focused ultrasound under the guidance of MRI, which serves to direct a beam of ultrasound beams, under the influence of which the fibroma is heated and destroyed.

There are also other methods of therapy that make it possible to destroy submucous fibroids without surgery:

cryomyolysis - based on tumor freezing.
electromyolysis - fibroma is destroyed by electric current.

These treatments are used for small, solitary tumors. After treatment, a woman should not be in the sun for a long time, take a steam bath and saunas, massage the lower back and buttocks.

The effectiveness of traditional medicine

Many women are afraid of diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations and try to treat the disease with folk remedies.

In this case, the fibroids of the uterus does not decrease in diameter and does not stop growing. And no infusions and decoctions of herbs will cure the tumor, so you should adhere to traditional methods of treatment and consult a doctor.

Nevertheless, it is still possible to apply alternative methods of treatment, but only to reduce the symptoms of the disease. For example:

a decoction of nettle or oak bark reduces the volume of uterine bleeding
douching with chamomile reduces inflammation of the genital organs, which often accompany the disease.

Treatment with folk remedies not only does not give an effect, but also postpones taking medications or performing an operation.

Often, in order to avoid hormone therapy, patients choose homeopathy.

Despite the fact that the drugs must also be selected by a specialist, their effectiveness has not been proven.

Homeopathic remedies:

Milife;
Wild Yams;
Aurum;
Calcium;

Prophylaxis

There are no measures to prevent the disease. But still, women who want to avoid the appearance of a tumor should exclude abortion, treat inflammation of the pelvic organs in time, and visit a specialist once a year, despite the fact that this is not necessary.

Forecast

The tumor is not malignant, it grows slowly and can be asymptomatic for a long time. Later diagnosis of the disease leads to the identification of large fibroids (10-20 cm).

It so happens that a woman who has uterine fibroids, the causes of heavy menstruation or bleeding are attributed to age-related changes or other diseases.

With timely diagnosis, fibroma does not cause concern and undergoes conservative treatment, and operations for small tumors are less traumatic and do not give complications.

Fibroma of the uterus is considered a disease, the causes of which are not fully understood.

It has a low risk of mangalization, and therefore, with slow growth and the absence of unpleasant symptoms, it is simply not observed.

Timely treatment will avoid such negative consequences as: severe anemia, torsion of the leg and necrosis.