The steppe zone is characterized by a flat landscape and a complete absence of trees. Therefore, the plant world is represented mainly by herbs. In the temperate zone of Eurasia, herbs (species of feather grass, bluegrass, wheatgrass, legumes) and bulbous plants grow. Shrubs are rare. The thick sod layer formed by the interlacing of grass rhizomes, as well as the duration of dry periods and lack of moisture prevent the germination of tree seeds.
A video film about the steppes of Ukraine will help you to make a more complete impression of the nature of the Eurasian steppe zone.
In the spring, the steppe of the temperate zone strikes with a riot of colors: plants of the bulbous family bloom beautifully.
Feather grass is the most beautiful - the most common steppe plant of the family of cereals, forming a sod layer. Ripe seeds, thanks to the awn attached to them, covered with a white edge, fly over long distances.
The “gray” fields of flowering feather grass, a typical steppe plant, look very unusual.
Wheatgrass can rightfully be considered the most typical representative of the steppe. This perennial herb has a very dense, tough rhizome that forms numerous shoots and penetrates even over-dried soil. The height of wheatgrass in a favorable period reaches 1 m in height, during the flowering period the plant throws out an ear.
In the east of North America there are meadow prairies, which are characterized by rich grass stands, strong sodding and instability of the alternation of drought and rainfall. The territory of the Great Plains is similar to the steppes of Eurasia and is rich in tall grasses. Here grow: feather grass, bearded Gerardi, Gram grass, phlox, dicotyledonous, asters. In the west, the prairies are more arid, so the vast majority of plants are low-growing cereals, wormwood, bulbous, and in the southern regions - cacti.
It is a turf grass that grows in the form of a bush, its roots contribute to the formation of turf. Plant height reaches 2.5 m in height, leaf width - up to 1 cm. It is very decorative, colored orange or dark red in autumn.
Pampas in South America, due to the low level of average annual rainfall, have more scarce vegetation. Typical for them are grass-sedge stands, alfalfa, barley, succulents, one of the subspecies of which are cacti. 
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Plants and animals of the steppe The presentation was made by S. Brusentseva, a primary school teacher at the MBOU Lyceum No. 6 in Essentuki
In Russian history, the steppe is understood not only the type of natural zone, but also the habitat of nomads of various origins - "steppe dwellers", united by the word "Steppe". From this time on the territory of southern Russia, stone idols - "women" remained in small numbers, most likely having the meaning of religious symbols or monuments installed on the burials of prominent members of the then society.
He walks along the steppes, He is filled with aroma, Swaying the oceans of feather grass like a master.
A characteristic feature of the steppe is the treelessness of huge plains covered with rich herbaceous vegetation.
Types of steppes: 1. Forbs steppe. Formed in conditions of good moisture. Differs in a large species diversity: cereals are represented by broad-leaved species, in the composition of forbs there are many plants characteristic of meadows and forest glades. The height of the vegetation cover can reach more than 1 m.
2. Typical steppe. There are many forbs here, but their activity ends at the end of June. The vegetation cover is no more than 0.5 m high.
3. Dry steppe. An even drier version of the steppe. The vegetation is represented by small turf grasses; among the forbs, plants with rosette shoots, heavily pubescent or with a waxy bloom on the leaves, prevail. Plant height 10-20cm.
4. Desert steppe. The driest version of the steppe. The vegetation is undersized (5-8 cm). Large grasses or shrubs have a large root system that extends several meters in depth.
Plants of the steppes. The plant communities are represented by perennial herbaceous plants with a powerful root system, their aboveground organs are adapted to reduce water evaporation. Several groups of plants can be distinguished: turf cereals; forbs; perennials. Frequent in the steppe and shrubs.
During the flowering of feather grass, the steppe resembles the sea, along which the waves roll.
Crest-shaped wheatgrass Hairy or sandy wheatgrass Fescue or Welsh fescue Many steppe grasses are capable of forming a powerful turf, which is larger in volume than the above-ground parts of plants. The bluish color of many plants is due to the presence of multi-layered cuticles and a waxy coating, which help to reduce the evaporation of moisture through the leaves.
Herbs are represented by the following plants: Bells Gentian Larkspur wedge-shaped
In the steppes with a decrease in the amount of precipitation, in stony and saline areas, the proportion of narrow-leaved grasses and wormwood increases, succulent plants appear - fatty, leaden. Rejuvenated Goniolimon Tatar Sedum
Ephedra is a short, branched shrub with articulated twig-like branches. The leaves are reduced to scales, the seeds are covered with a juicy orange-red cover. Sandy immortelle
Perennials are plants that bloom in early spring. In summer, the aboveground parts die off, only underground storage organs with buds - bulbs, tubers, rhizomes - remain. Tulips Iris Onion Dream-grass or lumbago open
Spring steppe - tulips
Shrubs. A characteristic feature of steppe landscapes is the development of shrub thickets. The absence of ungulates contributes to the growth of caragana (acacia), spirea, blackthorn and other shrubs. Thickets of caragana (acacia) shrub
Golden currant Steppe cherry
Russian broom Rosehip Black cotoneaster
The main part of the steppe animals: a) hoofed animals; b) rodents and lagomorphs; c) birds; d) insects. Animals of the steppes. Predators are a numerous group of steppe species.
I live in the great steppe. It's free here, pee-pee! And my friend a hamster Lay down on the grass, like in a hammock.
We graze, walk in chains, We are friends with the Australian steppe. We are curly, be-be-be, Take our wool for yourself. Sheep, rams
An animal stands in a column On the steppe path. He and along and across Knows all the blades of grass.
The saiga is the only surviving species of wild ungulates in the Caspian and Kazakhstan steppes. The animal is perfectly adapted to life in open spaces. Compact, dense body and slender limbs allow you to reach speeds of up to 60-80 km / h. These nomads spend most of their time in constant motion. The specific shape of the nasal cavities, forming a soft, movable proboscis, allows you to effectively filter from dust, warm or cool the inhaled air. Because of this "nose", even a few days old saiga calves have a thick bass. Herds of ten thousand saigas have become history. To protect rare animals that annually migrate hundreds of kilometers and do not recognize borders, several interstate environmental agreements have been signed.
Rodents - small size makes these animals vulnerable and dependent on climatic conditions. 80% of mammals in the steppe zone live in burrows. To survive the harsh winter, these sedentary animals eat off in the summer, accumulating thick layers of fat, store food in their burrows. Common marmot
Small gopher steppe ferret
Filly Steppe Dybka
Beetle - dung beetle Ladybug Beetle - darkling beetle Gloomy moth
The bustard is a large bird (up to 16 kg) with a typical protective coloration. Little bustard - similar in lifestyle to the bustard, but smaller in size. Birds in the steppe can have a very varied menu - they feed on plant seeds, insects, reptiles, and small rodents. Such are, for example, rare and protected birds (Red Book of Kazakhstan) - bustard, little bustard, demoiselle crane. Demoiselle crane
Among the grass and bushes, you can find many small birds that fill the steppe with polyphony in spring. Adults feed mainly on seeds; they feed on insects for chicks. Shrike Shrike Gray partridge Hoopoe
Predatory animals make up a special group in the steppe. They can be of different size classes. Large ones - wolf, fox, corsac. Small ones - praying mantises, spiders. Medium - steppe polecat, badger, hedgehog, steppe viper, nimble and green lizards.
Steppe Eagle Kestrel
The term "steppe" has a very broad meaning. From the point of view of geobotany, steppe is a collective concept that unites the herbaceous vegetation of watersheds of a more or less dry nature.
Steppes can cover flat watersheds (here they are almost completely destroyed), slopes, hills. There are flat, hilly, mountainous steppes. But the most typical for each region are upland steppes, which occupy relatively flat watershed areas. Usually, the main characteristic of the vegetation of the zone is given precisely for such steppes.
When moving from north to south, the appearance of the steppes in upland conditions reveals regular changes, the analysis of which makes it possible to distinguish several subzones of steppe vegetation.
Within the forest-steppe zone, on treeless watersheds, in the past, forb-meadow Steppe was widespread. We can now judge about their composition by small islets of reserved steppes in the Central Black Earth Region. Soils rich in humus and sufficient moisture contributed to the development of a high and dense grass cover here, creating a continuous retention. In the herbage of these steppes, meadow-steppe forbs are especially abundant; in spring and early summer, it forms a bright, colorful carpet, which now and then changes its color.
Among the grasses of this subzone, loose bush and rhizome plants with relatively wide leaf blades predominate: coastal fire, meadow bluegrass, ground reed grass, steppe timothy. Of the feather grass, only the most moisture-loving ones are found here, most often the feather grass of John and narrow-leaved.
The forbs are dominated by meadow sage, tuberous zopnik, meadowsweet, mountain clover, sandy sainfoin, forest anemone, mountain woodworm, dream-grass, etc.
E.M. Lavrenko (1940) identified two variants of mixed-meadow steppes - northern and southern. A remarkable monument of the southern version of these steppes is the Streletskaya steppe under
Kursk, where V.V. Alekhin (1925) in upland conditions met up to 120 species on an area of 100 m 2, and 77 species on 1 m 2. summer, caused by the alternating mass flowering of various types of forbs.
To the south of the forb-meadow steppes, there is a subzone of typical (or true) steppes. The overwhelming part of their herbage is made up of narrow-leaved turf grasses, mainly feather grass and fescue, which is why these steppes are called grasses, or feather grass. Among the feather grass, Lessing's feather grass and hairy feather grass predominate. In the south of Ukraine, in addition, Ukrainian feather grass is common, and in Northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia - reddish feather grass.
Forbs in typical steppes play a subordinate role, as a result of which they are less bright and not as multicolored as more northern ones.
Sod perennial grasses, which form the basis of the herbage of typical steppes, never create a continuous sodding of the soil. Between the tussocks of grasses, areas of bare soil are always observed, the area of which increases to the south. The reason for the increasing rarefaction of the grass stand to the south is the lack of moisture in the soils of the steppe zone. The root system of sod grasses itself has a branched network of very thin roots near the surface, capable of trapping the moisture of the slightest summer precipitation.
The share of grasses in the herbage of typical steppes is very high. According to B.A.Keller (1938), in the feather grass steppes of the Central Black Earth Region, cereals provide more than 90% of the total mass of hay. In the fescue-feathergrass association of the Askania-Nova reserve, their specific gravity ranges from 79 to. 98% of the total plant mass. Numerous ephemerals and ephemeroids find shelter between the tussocks of grasses. These include common vernacular, various types of goose onions, brightly blooming tulips of Schrenk and Bieberstein.
In the life of typical steppes, the underground, root part of plants is of great importance. Complexly branched underground parts of the plant community are located in the upper soil horizons. At the same time, the plant mass of the underground part is much higher than that of the aboveground one. So, in the cereal steppes of Askania-Nova, 1 g of living aboveground parts accounts for 8 to 30 g of root mass. According to the research of M.S.Shalyt (1950), here, at a depth of 0 to 12 cm, 37 to 70% of the entire root mass is concentrated. However, the depth of root penetration is not limited to the humus horizon. The roots of tap-root perennials in the Askania-Nova steppes (for example, such as pyrethrum yarrow, some sedges) penetrate to a depth of 1.5-2.5 m.
Typical steppes, in turn, are subdivided into two main variants. In the northern part of the subzone, on ordinary and southern chernozems, forb-fescue-feather grass steppes (“colorful feather grass”) are widespread. In these steppes, gradually decreasing northern forbs (meadowsweet, sleep-grass, mountain clover) mix with drought-resistant forbs (steppe and drooping sage, narrow-leaved peony, sickle-leaved alfalfa, prickly sprinkle, multifloral bedstraw, true and Russian bedstraws, yarrow). There are still relatively few ephemeroids here.
The starobelskaya steppe in the Seversky Donets basin, studied back in 1894 by G.I.
Fescue-feather grass steppes (“colorless feather grass”) are developed on dark chestnut soils and partly on southern chernozems. On the Russian Plain, they do not have continuous distribution and consist of several massifs. But to the east of the Volga, and especially beyond the Urals, they stretch in a wide strip. Fescue and southern species of feather grass dominate in these steppes. The forbs here are poor, very drought-resistant: furry breast, Caspian ferula, thin-leaved yarrow, pyrethrum species. In spring, ephemeroids - tulips and goose bows - play an important role. Quite a lot in the strip of fescue-feather grass steppes of solonetz and solonetzic soils with fescue wormwood and wormwood groups. Askania-Nova is the standard of fescue-feather grass steppes of the Russian Plain. Elsewhere to the west of the Volga, they almost never survived. They have been preserved to the best degree in the Trans-Volga region, in the South Urals and in Kazakhstan.
To the east of the Volga, especially in Western Kazakhstan and the Trans-Urals, fescue (dry) steppes developed. V.V. Ivanov (1958) considered them to be an analogue of true grass-grass poor forbs steppes.
The characteristic features of fescue steppes, which make it easy to identify them, are:
- undivided domination of fescue, to which the feather grass of Tyrsa, Lessinga, Sarepta join, occupying an obviously subordinate position;
- a sharp reduction in the role of forbs;
- the disappearance from the grass stand of the plain steppe of the usual steppe shrubs of bean, spirea and chiliga and their isolation in depressions;
- the appearance of xerophytic dwarf shrubs (white wormwood, prostrate prunus, thousand-year-old pyrethrum);
- weak solonetzicity of soils or even its complete absence (Ivanov, 1958, p. 29).
Fescue, like other more northern types of steppes, are now almost completely plowed up. We can say that their typical flat variants have now disappeared completely. Their structure can now be judged either by the geobotanical descriptions of old authors, or by the miserable patches of these steppes that have survived near the slopes.
To the south of the steppe zone (practically already in the semi-desert on chestnut soils, less often on dark chestnut soils), a subzone of desert wormwood-fescue-feather grass steppes stands out. In the herbage of the subzone, in addition to narrow-leaved turf grasses (fescue, wheatgrass, feather grass), there are many drought-resistant semi-shrubs: wormwood, saltwort, and prutnyak. The grass stand here is usually open. Complexity, patchiness of the vegetation cover is characteristic.
Studying these steppes, as early as 1907, N. A. Dimo and B. A. Keller (1907) introduced the concept of "semi-desert" into the literature. Refining it, Academician B. A. Keller (1923) wrote that semi-deserts should include “associations in which, with sparseness, short stature, and the like, along with steppe grasses - fescue, feather grass, thin-legged, such dry-loving half-shrubs, like sea wormwood and cochia ”(p. 147).
There was a lot of controversy regarding the allocation of a subzone of desert steppes or "steppe deserts". We mention them here only because the transition from steppes to deserts does not occur immediately, but gradually and sometimes surrounded by already real desert landscapes, you can find islets of steppes.
In general, when moving from north to south, the following regular changes in vegetation are observed, noted by V.V. Alekhin (1934) and his followers.
- The grass stand is thinning more and more.
- The colorfulness of the steppes is greatly reduced, as the number of dicotyledonous plants decreases.
- In the north, perennials dominate undividedly; in the south, the role of annuals increases.
- The number of broad-leaved grasses decreases, they are replaced by narrow-leaved grasses.
- There is a change in the species of feather grass - from coarse sod to fine sod grass.
- The species richness decreases from 80 species per 1 m 2 in meadow steppes to 3-5 in desert ones.
- The seasonal dynamics of the steppe vegetation cover is becoming more and more arrhythmic. To the south, the spring outbreak of flowering is shortened.
- The relative mass of the underground parts of plants in comparison with the aboveground ones increases to the south.
It remains to add that the appearance of the steppes changes not only from north to south, but also, to no less extent, from west to east. The reason for this is the already mentioned increase in continentality towards the center of Eurasia. Suffice it to say that different types of feather grass grow in different sectors of the steppe belt (Ukrainian in the Black Sea region, red in Kazakhstan, Krylov in Khakassia, etc.).
The species abundance of the steppes sharply decreases towards the center of the continent. So, in the meadow steppes of the Russian Plain, there are more than 200 species of herbs, in Western Siberia - 55-80, Khakassia - 40-50. The vegetation of the Askania-Nova dry steppes in the Black Sea region is formed by 150 representatives of the grass cover, and in Khakassia - only 30-35 species.
However, on the basis of these comparisons, the inland steppes should not be considered depleted. It would be more correct to say that the European steppes are enriched with meadow forbs. We must judge the authenticity of the steppe by the participation of true steppe plants - xerophytes - in the herbaceous cover. Their share in the meadow steppes of the Southern Urals is about 60%, and near Kursk - only 5-12%.
The greater typicality and, consequently, the increased stability of steppe ecosystems within the continent as compared to the outskirts can be judged by the degree of development of root phytomass, one of the main indicators of the adaptability of vegetation to steppe conditions. Root reserves of steppe plants to the east are steadily increasing. According to the testimony of Siberian ecologists and landscape scientists, in relation to the local steppes, the notorious question does not arise: "... is the forest advancing on the steppe, or vice versa" (Titlyanova et al., 1983). The positions of the steppe vegetation, represented to the east of the Urals by typical xerophytes with powerful tussocks, exclude the advance of the forest on the steppe. The steppes of the Russian Plain, with their moisture-loving European herbs, are not so resistant to the forest.
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In ancient times, the steppe was called a wild field, but now, unfortunately, wild nature has remained only in protected areas. Many years ago the fields were covered with silvery blankets, feather grass was distributed by the wind throughout the steppe. Now, most of the fields are plowed up and sown with agricultural crops, because the fertile black soil is the golden value of the steppe.
The steppe world is beautiful and very rich in vegetation:
- violets;
- yellow tulips;
- feather grass;
- iris;
- sage;
- parsnips.
The vegetation of these zones is very diverse.... Steppe species differ from forest species in that they are characterized by higher frost resistance and drought tolerance. Their usual color of leaves is grayish or gray-greenish tones. The leaves themselves are narrow and thin, but at the same time the cuticle is thick. In drought, most of the steppe plants roll up into a tube, this property and gives them the opportunity to survive in the harsh conditions of the steppe. All vegetation is divided into subspecies:
- medicinal herbal;
- fodder purpose;
- honey;
- cereal.
More popular are white sweet clover, wild strawberry, creeping thyme, cornflower. Slightly less valuable are the following types: licorice, steppe carnation, horticultural, starodubka.
Description of steppe plants
The flora of the steppe zones is very rich... This article discusses only the most famous of them. But such species can be found in any steppe.
Field sow thistle (yellow sow thistle, garden sow thistle)
This view is difficult weed... It grows in fields, along roads, near ditches and in many other places. He is a very strong lover of bees, but his nectar is released only in the morning, in the second half of the thistle thistle closes its flowers. Pure sow thistle honey turns out to have a rich amber color. The stems and leaves contain a large amount of white, viscous juice. The leaves themselves are a little thorny, and the flowers are bright yellow. The flowering time is summer.
Cornflower meadow, sandy cmin and common cornflower
Cornflower is a perennial species, represented from the Asteraceae family. In height it can reach up to one meter. Grows in all meadows, fields, near roads. Absolutely not a capricious plant. It is medicinal, used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. A good honey plant, a favorite of bees.
In common people sandy tsmin is called immortelle... It is a perennial that grows on sandy and rocky surfaces. The inflorescences have dry scales; when cut, the flower does not fade and remains in one pore. Because of this, it is called immortelle. Flowers are harvested for medicinal purposes.
In the ordinary sense, nivyanik - this is an ordinary chamomile... Refers to Compositae, from a number of Compositae. Grows in meadows, usually likes more humid and shady places, prefers drained soils. Chamomile blooms in June, and its fruits ripen in August. It has medicinal properties and is a melliferous flower. The stem is thin, with narrow leaves. The flowers are small, white, and inside there is a yellow center.
Elecampane, thigh saxifrage and tenacious sedum
Perennial plant, Compositae... Grows in steppes and forest-steppe. Selects wet terrain, grows where rivers and bodies of water. And also a lover of getting lost in tall grasses. Flowering lasts one month, from August to September. It grows in height more than one and a half meters. Long and slender stem, with a yellow flower at the top.
Thigh - perennial herbaceous plant. For himself he chooses hilly places, sunny meadows, forest edges. Loves the sunny side. Plant height reaches 30 cm, the plant is branched with small white flowers.
Sedum belongs to the jumbo family, a perennial species. Grows on hillsides with tall grass, in dry thickets. Plant height 50-60 cm. Small yellow inflorescences. Bees visit it very actively, as it is an excellent honey plant. Blooms from early June with a duration up to September.
Forest parsnip and meadowsweet
The species is a biennial plant, the family is umbrella-shaped. It can be found in the field, in vegetable gardens, not far from roads. The stem is approximately 1–1.2 meters long. The leaves, although large, are feathery. Flowers are very small, collected in umbrellas. Pollinated not by bees, but by flies.
Herbaceous meadowsweet, perennial... Presented from the Rosaceae family. Such flowering grass can be found in the summer on forb meadows, on the outskirts of deciduous forests. The leaves of this plant contain a huge amount of vitamin C. That is why the collected flowers are brewed into tea, and in the spring, the newly grown sprouts are cut for salads. The flowers are small, in a pink tone, with a pleasant light scent of honey. If you grind the leaves, then you can hear the smell of fresh cucumber.
Hematopoietic hemorrhage
From the species of herbaceous, family Rosaceae. It is a perennial plant that grows in densely planted shrubs, as well as on dry forest edges.
Plant height reaches 60 cm, closer to the root of the foliage is larger than at the top. Burnet is a plant with straight, branched stems, with a lot of foliage and little pubescence. Small flowers in dark color (red or black). It blooms in mid-summer and continues until early autumn. Flowers give off a huge amount of pollen, but very little nectar.
It is a medicinal plant for a long time. Its root system is used in folk medicine as an excellent anti-inflammatory drug. A good decoction from the roots of the fireweed prevents the growth of germs in the body.
Lemon Catnip or Catnip
The plant got its name "lemon catnip" due to the strong intense lemon scent... A plant from the labiate family. Prized for its essential oils. It is a favorite of bees. Often, beekeepers make plantations of catnip near their apiaries, thus luring swarms of bees. As a wild plant, it is currently very rare. In the edges of Western Siberia, it is very common and grows well. The height of the branched, tetrahedral stem sometimes reaches up to half a meter. The leaves are triangular, the flowers are small, pink in color. It begins to bloom from early June to late September.
Steppe sage
It is a perennial plant (labiate family). It is found in the steppe, on wet slopes, as well as on forest edges. Sage is not tall, only grows up to 25 cm, sometimes growing with several stems at once. Its leaves are elongated and ovoid. Flowers are blue or purple in color, collected in inflorescences. There are hard hairs throughout the plant. It blooms only in the middle of summer - from the end of June to the end of July.
Green strawberries
From the Rosaceae family, a popular perennial. It can be found on various steppe zones, forest-steppe and humid slopes. The plant is completely non-capricious, so it can adapt to any area.
It grows as a down-to-earth bush, the leaves are directed in different directions, the flowers are white, from which delicious bright red fruits ripen after a while. Bloom in mid-May to late June.
Zopnik tuberous
People sometimes call it "grandma"... Belongs to the labiate family and is a perennial plant. Very common in the steppes. The plant is quite tall, its dark red trunk reaches a height of one meter. The leaves are large, elongated, wrinkled with fine hairs. Flowers have a pink tint and bloom at the ends of the stems 2-3 pieces. In the south of the steppes of Western Siberia, it begins to bloom at the end of June, and in other areas, flowering occurs until the last days of August.
This article provides only a short list of steppe plants. Our steppe is huge and immense, rich in a diverse flora, and it is, in fact, impossible to describe all the steppe plants in one article.
The Danish steppes are, first of all, the mysterious world of herbs. As you know, each blade of grass is a unique healing wizard, you just need to know the right spell. Surely you would also like to eat a magic leaf or drink a miraculous broth for all ailments and misfortunes, but only a real herbalist can figure out all the nuances of this ancient art. Traditional medicine has long been used by mankind from ancient times to the present day.
Healing with medicinal plants is perhaps one of the oldest methods of treatment. Even our great-grandmothers, long before the emergence and development of medicine, brewed decoctions and made infusions for all diseases, the first healers used the healing powers of herbs in their potions. It can be sadly noted that in our age of cybernetic technologies and crazy inventions, we are less and less likely to turn to Mother Nature for help, relying on pills and potions created in laboratories.
(trample-grass, grass-murava, goose). Bird knotweed (knotweed) is a herbaceous annual plant, belongs to the buckwheat family, with a stem lying on the ground, in the nodes are located,filmy, dissected, small, whitish stripes. The root is typically taproot. The leaves are alternate, small, oval. The flowers are small, light green or slightly pink, located in the axils of the leaves. Flowering time early summer - autumn. Knotweed can be found in wastelands, near roads, in river valleys. For medicinal purposes, flowering herb is used as a means to stop bleeding in the postpartum period or after an abortion, as well as for kidney disease.
Medicinal sweet clover(yellow) is a herbaceous biennial plant that belongs to the legume family. The flowers are small, yellow, moth-like, located in the brush. The plant usually blooms all summer long. It can be found in ravines, ravines, forest edges, among bushes and tall grass in the steppe, in meadows. Sweet clover is used for nervous diseases, cardiospasms, migraines, menopause, as an expectorant, laxative, insomnia, headache, melancholy, menstrual disorders, ascites, pain in the bladder, intestines, flatulence and for nursing mothers. Decoction, infusion of sweet clover and ointment from its flowers are recommended for treatment, purulent wounds, mastitis, furunculosis, otitis media. Do not use during pregnancy and kidney disease. Melilot is a poisonous plant. It is advisable to use it only in training camps.
Oregano- herbaceous perennial plant. The flowers are small, lilac-pink in color, forming a panicle. Flowering time July-September. Occurs on forest edges, meadows, in river valleys. Oregano has a high bactericidal effect, normalizes the activity of the nervous system of the body, is effective against inflammatory processes, ensures the normal functioning of the intestinal tract, a diuretic and choleretic agent. Oregano herb is recommended for use for angina, delayed menstruation, hypersexual excitability, colds, lung and heart diseases, diathesis, epilepsy, scrofula, bowel and stomach diseases, for problems with the gall bladder, liver. The infusion is used in the form of baths, lotions, wet compresses for skin diseases. They sniff dry flower tops, frayed leaves for headaches and a runny nose, wash their hair with a decoction to combat dandruff and hair loss.
St. John's wort- herbaceous perennial plant. The flowers of the plant are golden yellow with characteristic black dots. Flowering continues throughout the summer. St. John's wort is found in forest edges, in meadows, in rare pine and deciduous forests on fallow lands, clearings, and sandy slopes. St. John's wort is used for chronic disorders and diseases of the stomach, for periodontal disease, stomatitis, colitis, diarrhea, chronic inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, cholelithiasis, in gynecology, gingivitis, rheumatism, for bad breath, for nervous diseases, arthritis, radiculitis, for the treatment of diseases heart, for colds, liver disease, bladder disease, hemorrhoids, headaches, bedwetting.
Red clover is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the legume family. Erect stems of meadow clover are slightly pubescent. Leaves with wide stipules in the form of a triangle are long-petiolate. Clover flowers are dark red, small, head collected in an inflorescence. Blooms actively in the second half of summer (July - August). It grows in fields, on wet meadows, on the slopes of forest edges covered with grass, along roads and paths. The plant in folk medicine has long been used for diseases of mild diseases (as an expectorant), tinnitus, low hemoglobin levels, angina pectoris, appetite disorders, painful critical days and as a diuretic, dizziness. Decoction and infusion of clover inflorescences treat inflammation of the eyes. In the form of lotions used for tumors, wounds, burns, scrofula. The clover inflorescence is used for brewing tea, and delicious salads are prepared from the young leaves of the plant.
Horse sorrel- herbaceous perennial plant, belongs to the buckwheat family. It blooms in early to mid-summer. It is found along river banks, in meadows, on the slopes of hills, as well as in dense groves, in forest glades, or near roads. Possesses bactericidal properties, in small doses horse sorrel is distinguished by astringent properties, in large doses - a laxative effect, and the laxative effect occurs 10-12 hours after ingestion. Horse sorrel is used in the form of a decoction, infusion or extract in the treatment of diseases such as colitis and their varieties, hemorrhoids, in the event of cracks in the anus, it can be used as an anti-putrefactive, hemostatic agent. Horse sorrel is contraindicated in pregnancy, kidney disease.
Nettle- a herbaceous, perennial dioecious plant belonging to the nettle family. The flowers are greenish. Blooms from mid-June until autumn. Reduces blood clotting time, increases the amount of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood, improves metabolism, reduces blood sugar, normalizes the menstrual cycle, provides muscle tone in the uterus and intestines, is a strong anti-inflammatory and healing agent. It is used in the case of internal bleeding, anemia, subserous fibroids, menopause, in the early stages of the development of diabetes mellitus, constipation. Nettle can also be used for diseases of the biliary tract and liver, to eliminate nervous disorders, fever, obesity, as a milk-producing agent. A decoction, or perhaps an infusion of nettle roots, is advised to drink as a means to cleanse the blood for skin diseases, as well as for helminthic invasions, compresses are made from the decoction of the whole plant for tumors. Water infusion of flowers is used for pulmonary diseases. From a strong infusion of nettle leaves, lotions are made for wounds, ulcers and burns, it is an effective remedy for dandruff, hair loss. In case of bleeding, the juice of fresh leaves can be instilled into the nose. Brooms are built from pre-boiled nettles and steamed in baths for painful sensations in the lumbar region or rheumatism of the joints. Powder from dried leaves can be sprinkled with abscesses and ulcers. Among other things, nettle is also used for preparing tonic salads and even soups or borscht.
Burdock(burr) - a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, herbaceous, biennial has been widely used since the time of our great-grandmothers. The decoction and infusion of the roots are known for their strong diuretic and diaphoretic action. Burdock is used for diabetes, gout, kidney stones and rheumatism, ascites, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, constipation, in case of poisoning, for sexually transmitted diseases, pain in the joints, to get rid of purulent old wounds, tumors, is often used as a means that can improve metabolism substances for stone disease of the kidneys and bladder, for diseases of the stomach, to strengthen hair. Early burdock leaves are good for making delicious salads and soups, and the roots of one year of life can be eaten raw, boiled, baked, fried, and can also replace potatoes in soup.
Loch narrow-leaved- shrub with reddish-brown branches. The flowers are white, located in the axils of the leaves. In folk medicine, the funds obtained from the fruit of the loch are used as an astringent for colitis, diarrhea and respiratory diseases. From the infusion of flowers, heart remedies are made, in particular for hypertension.
Coltsfoot- a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, herbaceous, perennial. The leaves grow from the root, rather large in size, rounded in shape, green above, pubescent, naked below. Flowering begins in the spring in April - May, belongs to the ephemeral. The plant is distinguished by a strong anti-inflammatory and emollient character during expectoration, as well as an effective diaphoretic agent, coltsfoot is actively used for diseases of the respiratory system, sore throat, for painful sensations in the gastrointestinal tract, for appetite disorders and for skin diseases, it is effective for inflammation of the veins of the legs, hoarseness. Compresses from a decoction or from crushed leaves can be used externally for abscesses, tumors, inflammation of the veins, burns, wounds, for sore throat, rinsing is recommended, for bowel diseases, enemas.
Peppermint- a herbaceous plant, perennial, belonging to the family Labiata. It blooms almost all summer, capturing autumn. For a long time, mint leaves have been recommended for use for stomach and intestinal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, effective as a choleretic agent, for stones in the gallbladder, for jaundice, as an anesthetic for hepatic colic, as well as a stimulant of cardiac activity and as remedy for headaches, in the case of nervous diseases and as a result of insomnia, with inflammatory processes in the periosteum of the middle ear, with kidney stones. In an alcoholic solution of 1: 4, the essential oil is rubbed into the scalp for migraines, it is very effective for skin inflammations and is indispensable for inhalation for respiratory diseases.
Dandelion medicinal- herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Flowering lasts from May to August. Dandelion root and herb are effective for diseases of the gallbladder, liver, jaundice, cholelithiasis, for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, namely for colitis and constipation, for hemorrhoids, improves the quality of digestion and stimulates the appetite, irreplaceable in the treatment of atherosclerosis, anemia, with skin diseases. Freshly plucked young dandelion leaves are used as an ingredient in a salad.
Shepherd's bag- a herbaceous annual plant belonging to the cruciferous family. The flowers are small, white, collected in an elongated brush. Contraindicated in pregnant women. The herb is a hemostatic agent, helps to reduce the uterine muscles, reduces pressure, is used to stop internal bleeding, for injuries, for the treatment of fever, diarrhea; a decoction or juice of a fresh plant, diluted with water, is recommended for use in liver diseases, hepatic colic, kidney and bladder diseases, with impaired metabolism. Infusion of shepherd's purse is prescribed as a hemostatic agent for uterine cancer. Fresh leaves of the plant are used for food, making salads, soups from them; the seeds taste like mustard.
Common tansy(Wild mountain ash) is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. The stem is high, erect, the leaves have a pinnate dissection, strong smelling when rubbed, yellow flowers, small in size, in the form of tubes, collected in a basket inflorescence. Blooms almost all summer. Tansy is used for helminth diseases such as ascariasis and pinworms, for liver diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for nervous disorders, inflammatory processes in the bladder and kidneys, kidney stones, for gout, headaches, malaria, as a stimulant of menstruation, with fever, pulmonary tuberculosis, jaundice, rheumatism of the joints, jaundice, dislocations and wounds, as well as in the case of epilepsy.
Big plantain- a well-known herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the plantain family. The inflorescence is a long, dense spike in the form of a cylinder, of small brownish flowers. Blooming lasts all summer until autumn. Plantain has hemostatic, bactericidal, heals wounds well, is characterized by expectorant and pressure-lowering effects. Plantain leaf juice is used to treat patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders, is actively used for acute and chronic enteritis, for dysentery and chronic nephritis, for pulmonary diseases, is effective in combating boils and other unpleasant skin diseases, has the ability to hemostatic and wound healing, is widely it is used as a diuretic, as well as for chronic lung diseases, is effective for dyspepsia, diabetes mellitus, helps with male and female infertility, is recommended for eye diseases, in the treatment of cancer, liver disease. Outwardly it is advised to use it for erysipelas, ulcers, carbuncles, wounds; freshly picked, washed in boiled water, crushed leaves are placed on the affected parts of the skin or washed with a tincture of leaves.
Wormwood- tincture, decoction and plant extract are most often used as a source of bitterness for the development of appetite and activation of the digestive system. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Wormwood is used for diseases of the biliary tract, pancreas, colitis, helminthiasis, in the presence of a bad, unpleasant odor from the mouth, for various pulmonary diseases, not excluding whooping cough, tuberculosis, acute respiratory diseases, with sexual indifference, problems with the menstrual cycle, with violations of sexual development, amenorrhea, infertility.
Wheatgrass- the rhizome contains sugar-containing elements, glycosides, alcohols, a large amount of vitamins, fatty and essential oils, useful organic acids. The use is recommended in the treatment of urinary and biliary tract, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in addition, they are treated with furunculosis, rickets, chronic constipation, hemorrhoids.
Chamomile officinalis- a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family herbaceous, annual. White flowers are collected in an inflorescence basket. Blooming lasts a long time from spring to late summer. Chamomile inflorescences, usually without stems, with a pedicel length not exceeding 3 cm, are harvested at the beginning of flowering, during a period when the ligulate marginal flowers in the baskets are horizontal. Chamomile essential oils are a strong disinfectant and diaphoretic, help to reduce gas formation, provide pain relief, prevent inflammatory processes, chamomile is recommended for normalizing the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, activates the functioning of the central nervous system, increases breathing, increasing the number of heart contractions, has a vasodilator action, especially for the brain. Large amounts of essential oil can trigger headaches and general weakness. Chamomile medicinal preparations affect the increase in the secretion of stomach and intestinal juices; increase bile secretion and increase appetite. Chamomile gives a great effect in the treatment of bronchial asthma, rheumatism, skin diseases, burns, gastric diseases, colitis, colds, malaria, diseases associated with fever, scrofula, diseases of the nervous system, insomnia, in addition, with excessive excitability, neuralgic pains, painful critical days, uterine bleeding, overwork. Outwardly, this plant is recommended to be used for hemorrhoids, with increased sweating of the legs, chamomile has shown itself well in matters of hair care, it has a good therapeutic effect in gynecological diseases, Trichomonas colpitis. In case of a flu-like condition, it is recommended to inhale chamomile infusion with hot steam. For sluggish healing wounds, use externally, as well as for childhood colic. For gout, ulcers and boils, preferably in the form of a decoction mixed with salt.
Prickly tartar- a biennial herbaceous prickly plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Blooming lasts all summer. In folk medicine, the tartar is used as a decoction in the treatment of malignant tumors, purulent wounds, is effective in the treatment of tetanus, ulcers, with skin cancer, lupus and scrofula, with vascular rheumatism, is indispensable as a diuretic, for painful sensations in the bladder, for colds it is recommended for use in the form of a decoction or powder.
Timya? N crawling?(Thyme? Ts, or Common chabr? Ts, or Bogor? D'skaya grass?) Is a perennial shrub up to 15 cm high, the shoot spreads along the ground, only the flower-bearing stems are raised or even erect. Depending on the habitat, flowering continues from late spring all summer, but fruit ripening occurs in mid-summer to September. It is one of the best honey plants. Young leaves and shoots of thyme are great for salad and even pickling cucumbers. All kinds of infusions, decoctions and extract of thyme are recommended for diseases of acute and chronic respiratory tract, tuberculosis and bronchial asthma. Thyme creeping is characterized by antimicrobial, sedative, effective in cramps, a strong analgesic that promotes wound healing and a broad spectrum of action in helminthiasis. The aerial part of the plant is used for expectorant charges, astringent and choleretic charges, as well as baths for inflammatory processes in the joints, it is also recommended for nervous diseases, as a diuretic, diaphoretic and antihypertensive agent. When applied externally, it is used in the form of compresses, soothing baths and lotions for painful sensations in the muscles. It is advisable to use thyme ointments and lotions for rheumatism of the joints, heals well wounds in case of skin diseases.
Yarrow- herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Blooms all summer, capturing the fall months. Typically, the tops of the flowering plant are used for treatment and should be harvested during the flowering period. Yarrow has strong anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. Yarrow preparations increase the rate of blood coagulation, are characterized as the strongest means of combating inflammatory, allergic reactions of the body, as well as the rapid healing of wounds. In addition, yarrow increases the contractility of the uterine muscles, which explains its frequent use for uterine bleeding, the plant has a vasodilating effect and analgesic in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yarrow is recommended for use in stopping internal bleeding - pulmonary, intestinal, uterine, hemorrhoidal, nasal, bleeding from the gums and wounds. In addition, preparations from yarrow are also effective as a sedative. In case of inflammation of the respiratory tract, yarrow is used in the form of an infusion, as well as to improve appetite and digestion in general, with problems with the menstrual cycle, to increase the amount of milk in nursing mothers.
Common hops- a climbing plant belonging to the mulberry family, dioecious, perennial, even poisonous with illiterate use, the length can be up to 3-6 m, the root is fleshy, simple. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, unisexual, the fruits are round in shape, in the form of single-seeded nuts, which are combined into yellowish-green seedlings in the form of cones. Flowering lasts almost all summer, fruiting occurs in late summer, usually already in autumn. Common hop grows along the shores of lakes, rivers, in well-moistened deciduous forests, in clearings, forest edges, in forest and forest-steppe zones, most often among shrubs. Hop cones are used as a sedative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and pain reliever. They are used for excessive nervous and sexual excitability, sleep disorders, nervous diseases, radiculitis, kidney diseases, painful critical days, nocturnal emissions, menopause. Hop "cones" are especially effective for cystitis and urethritis.
Chicory- a herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, perennial. The flowers are blue, although they are also pink or white, collected in a basket inflorescence. Flowering continues throughout the summer until September. Chicory is used as a gastric, choleretic, laxative and is used to treat diseases of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and skin diseases. The hypoglycemic effect of chicory in diabetes mellitus has been clarified. Decoctions of roots and inflorescences have a bactericidal, sedative and astringent effect, enhances the secretion of gastric and intestinal juice, gastrointestinal motility, increased appetite, choleretic and diuretic, immunomodulatory, anti-allergic agent.
Celandine- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the poppy family. The straight stem of the plant is branched, with small hairs. Celandine, unlike many other plants, contains a yellow-orange milky juice. Flowering continues almost all summer. The herb is characterized by a bactericidal, pronounced antitumor effect, is effective in the fight against fungal diseases, tones up the smooth uterine muscles, has an effect on blood pressure, lowering it, and has a choleretic effect. In addition, celandine is often used for heart disease, liver and gallbladder diseases, stomach cancer, and colon polyposis. Fresh celandine herb juice is used to cauterize or remove warts, condylomas. It is recommended for use in the treatment of gout and rheumatism of the joints, cutaneous tuberculosis, dry calluses, skin diseases, and ascites.
Salvia officinalis- a perennial perennial semi-shrub belonging to the labiate family. Sage flowers give off a pleasant-smelling sweet nectar. Blooming lasts from June to July. The leaves of this shrub are characterized by anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, astringent, emollient and perspiration-limiting action, the ability to stop bleeding. It is used in the form of an infusion or decoction of leaves for stomatitis, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, in the form of therapeutic douching in case of angina and gynecological diseases, effectively as a means of reducing sweating - the effect of this plant occurs after 1-2 hours, and the inhibition of sweating processes can continue sometimes the whole day, it is also recommended during menopause for women, and even as a means of reducing lactation in nursing mothers.
