In Russian literature of the 19th century, the poetry of A. S. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov is separated not by an era, but by a brief moment, which would be enough to turn the page of a book. M. Yu. Lermontov responded to the tragic death of A. S. Pushkin with the poem "On the Death of a Poet", and Russia learned about a new talent, in terms of the power of talent not inferior to Pushkin's genius.
The poetic world of Lermontov did not become a mirror reflection of the motives and images of Pushkin's lyrics. His hallmark is a deep focus on the conflict between dream and reality, which determined the romantic content of the poet's work, the attitude of which was formed under the significant influence of the lyrical works of J. Byron.
The main leitmotif in Lermontov's poetry is the theme of loneliness, inner isolation, dissatisfaction with one's fate. It sounds both like the inner voice of a lyrical hero in the poem "Sail", and as a philosophical subtext in landscape lyrics, and as echoes of spiritual anguish in mature works "No, I'm not Byron, I'm different", "I go out alone on the road", " And boring and sad”, “My future is in the fog”.
There is no such tragic sound in Pushkin's work. In his poems, the romantic ideal is associated with the affirmation of a bright beginning, creative freedom, and the definition of the poet's role as a servant of high art.
intimate Pushkin's lyrics full of personal experiences, but there is no hopelessness and denial inherent in Lermontov's poetry. “I remember a wonderful moment”, “What is in my name for you”, the Ring”, “I loved you” - poems in which sadness is light, and feelings are sublimely beautiful. For Lermontov, this theme sounds like doom and disbelief in the possibility of happiness. An example is the poem "I will not humiliate myself before you."
Pushkin's landscape lyrics can be called sketches from nature: her images are not burdened with excessive metaphor, they are simple, expressive and perfect. “Winter Morning”, “The daylight has gone out”, “The mighty ridge of clouds is thinning”, “Autumn” are poems in which the eternally living nature personifies the harmony of the world. In Lermontov's lyrics dedicated to this topic, the genre of landscape miniature dominates, using complex allegories and mythologized images associated with the poet's reflection on life and death. “Mountain peaks”, “When the yellowing field is agitated”, “Clouds”, “Caucasus”, as well as other lyrical works of the poet, are built on internal contrasts, reflecting the disharmony of the surrounding world.
A special place in Pushkin's work is occupied by the genres of a friendly message and a philosophical elegy. They are filled with positive meaning and awareness of the divine principle in everything that is destined for a person by fate. V lyrics by Lermontov the theme of communication with contemporaries is colored by a subjective feeling of dissatisfaction and longing for an unrealizable ideal. Hence - the textbook Lermontov's lines: "I look sadly at our generation ..."
The same motif prevails in the civil lyrics of Lermontov. In the poems “Motherland”, “Farewell, unwashed Russia”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd”, the lyrical hero is opposed to the environment, seeks to break out of it, to rise above the ordinary consciousness of his surroundings. In Pushkin's poems, the civic motive is associated with the desire to "burn people's hearts with the verb" and "lyre to awaken" the best human feelings.
TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between Pushkin's lyrics and Lermontov's lyrics is as follows:
- Lyric poetry of A.S. Pushkin is characterized by a variety of themes and motives, which reflect the life-affirming position of the author. In Lermontov's lyrics, the main theme is the insoluble conflict between one's own destiny and the era.
- The appointment of a poet in Pushkin's work is defined as serving the highest ideals. The poet in Lermontov's poetry is a superpersonality with a tragic attitude, aware of his exclusivity and loneliness in the world around him.
- Pushkin's lyrics are distinguished by perfection of form, purity of language, naturalness of artistic images. In Lermontov's romantic poetry, form is subordinated to content, in which allegorical images and symbolism borrowed from mythology play an important role.
Lyrics is a word that is rather difficult to define. According to dictionaries, lyrics in the everyday sense are the mood of a person when emotional elements prevail over rational ones. The term "lyric" also found its special meaning in literature and music.
In this article we will tell you more about what lyrics are.
Lyrics in everyday life
As we said above, according to dictionaries, lyrics are the predominance of the emotional over the rational, a certain sensitivity, however this definition very sparingly describes the full depth of this term.
The word "lyric" is multifaceted. So, a fairly common expression "lyrical mood" describes the state of a romantic, in love, emotional person, but in the phrase "leave the lyrics", the word "lyric" speaks of sublime, lengthy reasoning, and these reasoning is not necessarily about love and romance. . For such reasoning, turns like "if only" are very characteristic.
Lyrics in literature
Lyrics is one of the genres of literature, along with epic and drama. Lyrical genres include ode, elegy, epigram, etc. Lyrics is also called the totality of works of this kind, for example, a collection of lyrics.
The meaning of lyrical literature is to reflect life through the feelings, impressions, experiences and thoughts of an individual character - a lyrical hero. The center of artistic attention is the image-experience, and all the events that happen to the hero are described through the prism of this experience.
A lot of lyrical poems were presented to the world by the greatest Russian poet A. S. Pushkin, among the most famous: "I loved you ...", "Winter Evening", "Pushchina", etc. A. A. Akhmatova also pleased the audience with an abundance of lyrical works - "I learned to live simply, wisely ...", "The Song of the Last Meeting", "You know, I languish in captivity." S. A. Yesenin was also a famous lyricist - “Goy you, my dear Russia”, “I don’t regret it, I don’t call, I don’t cry ...”, “Letter to my mother”. Any poet, therefore, is a lyricist.
Lyrics in music
Lyrical music is a composition with a predominance of emotional and subjective elements. Romance is one of the most widespread genres of musical lyrics. The melody of a romance, as a rule, is very closely connected with the text, many composers even combine romances into vocal cycles, for example, Schubert's Winter Journey or Beethoven's To a Distant Beloved.
In addition, there are lyric-epic symphonies in music, the founder of which is Schubert. Such symphonies are characterized by a narrative of events combined with emotional experiences.
- Lyrics, lyrical poetry (from the Greek λυρικός - “performed to the sounds of a lyre, sensitive, lyre”) is a kind of literature that reproduces the subjective personal feeling (attitude towards something) or the mood of the author (ESBE). According to Ozhegov's dictionary, lyricism means sensitivity in feelings, in moods, softness and subtlety of the emotional beginning; Efremova's dictionary notes the emotionality, poetic excitement, sincerity that characterize him. According to the dictionary of L.P. Krysin, lyric poetry is poetry that expresses the feelings and experiences of the poet.
"Lyrical manner of narration" implies a type of construction of an artistic image, which is based on emotional experience. If in epic and drama the image is based on a multifaceted image of a person in his activity, in complex relationships with people in the life process, the lyrical image is an image-experience. But the experience is socially significant, in which the individual spiritual world of the poet, without losing its autobiographical nature, receives a generalized expression, thereby going beyond his personality. The lyrical image is an aesthetically significant experience, the autobiographical beginning is present in it, as it were, in a filmed form, and it is important for us that the poet experienced this experience and that it could have been experienced at all in the given circumstances. If we know that a lyrical experience is not autobiographical, it still retains its artistic value insofar as it could be experienced. There is a tradition to consider the lyrics as the focus of the poet on his individual inner life. Thus, the lyrics are interpreted as "confessional creativity", as "self-expression" and "self-disclosure".
Unlike epic and drama, lyricism is not associated with plot as a constructive feature, although it does not exclude the simplest plot organization. As A. Potebnya noted, unlike the epic, where the past tense dominates, the lyrical work is written in the present tense. If with regard to epic and dramatic works we have the right to ask “how did it end” or briefly state its event basis, then in relation to lyrical works this question is meaningless.
A lyric poem in its most concentrated form is a moment of inner human life. We find ourselves, as it were, in the epicenter of the experience that the poet is engulfed in and which is holistic. Unlike epic and drama, lyrics do not have the ability to broadly describe the phenomena of reality, the main means in lyrical work is a word whose organization corresponds to the experience that finds its expression in it. In a lyrical work, the word is distinguished by its compactness, the significance of each sound, intonation, rhythmic element, the shade of stress, pause. Every element of speech, every nuance and shade is noticeable.
The lyrics include a poem, a romance, a message, an elegy.
The origins of lyrics lie in the ability of a singer (reader) to convey mood, emotion through vocals, intonation, word and rhyme.
The oldest works of artificial lyrics that have come down to us are the Psalms of King David and the Song of Songs. The Psalms subsequently formed the basis of religious Christian lyrics and were translated into all European languages. The Song of Songs, attributed to King Solomon, can be called a lyrical-dramatic poem; its content has given rise to many different interpretations.
Sometimes the words "lyric" and "poetry" are used in the same context. However, they cannot be called absolute synonyms. To apply the concepts for their intended purpose, it is necessary to find out how lyrics differ from poetry.
Definition
lyrics name a kind of literature (one of three), a feature of which is the sensual expression of the author of his state of mind. At the same time, the personal, subjective becomes generally significant, interesting for many people, since it echoes their feelings and experiences.
Poetry- creativity in which a language different from ordinary is used. In a general sense, poetic means works of a poetic format. Traditional verses, in turn, are lines with consonant endings - rhymes.
Comparison
If we talk about the difference between lyrics and poetry in general terms, then lyrics are the feelings and emotions that are in the center of attention of a separate work, and poetry is the form in which the author’s speech is clothed.
Let's consider each of the concepts in more detail. Let's look at the lyrics first. To understand its features, let's compare the lyrics with the other two types of literature. One of them is the epic, which involves a narrative about ongoing external events. At the same time, the reader clearly sees the temporal and spatial sphere in which certain actions are performed.
Lyric is opposed to epic. If the latter reflects the facts of objective reality, then the lyrics are based on an appeal to the inner world. In this case, the author tries to show experiences in their dynamics, using certain artistic means. Works relating to drama (the third of the genera) may contain both lyrical and epic moments.
Let's turn now to poetry. It is often understood as poetry, that is, creativity, the opposite of prose, which is not characterized by rhymes. At the same time, some transitional forms also belong to poetry, such as blank verse. If we consider the issue even more broadly, then sometimes any elegant presentation, even purely prosaic, is called poetic, in a metaphorical sense.
Understanding the difference between lyrics and poetry, it should be noted that lyrics can be found in poetic, dramatic works, and prose. Music or the mood of a person are lyrical. However, poetry is not always lyrical. For example, a lyric is not a narrative poem or a verse advertisement.
