Summer residents and gardeners love perennial onion batun for its characteristics, such as frost resistance, excellent germination. It is not afraid of high humidity and has a delicate taste. Onions prefer fertilized nutrient soils, especially black soil, loamy or sandy soil, as well as sunlight. Growing this variety is usually not difficult.
The main characteristics of the plant
Visually, batun does not differ from onions. He has similar feathers, only the size is larger. The bulb differs from the onion, it has a slight thickening. Because of this, the batun is planted only for greenery. Good watering is necessary for the plant so that the feathers are juicy and soft in taste with the onion of the batun. Growing and caring for it is simple and within the power of any summer resident. It contains many useful substances, such as:
- essential oils;
- sugar;
- protein;
- carotene;
- vitamins;
- salts of iron, potassium and magnesium.
Landing in open ground
The most common varieties are "Maysky", "April", "Tenderness", "Salad-35". The last two varieties are early. They calmly withstand frosty winters without snow. Variety "April" branches abundantly, large green feathers grow in late spring. He is virtually immune to disease.
"May" is a late variety. It tolerates frosts well, emerges late, grows well. Harvest can be harvested in late spring, early summer.
The variety "Russian Winter" is resistant to frost and has a significant yield. About a month passes from the emergence of seedlings to boron harvest. Seeds for seedlings are sown in late autumn or early spring.
Sowing seeds in the spring
In central Russia, sowing begins in June-July. This is the best time to land. Onion rises together and quickly He'll survive the winter just fine. If you grow onions in the open field correctly, you can get a very rich harvest.
If you sow the plant in early spring, then in July you can get delicious greens for cooking.
Site determination and land preparation
Onions do not like peat and acidic soil. Growing batun onions from seeds should be carried out in fertile soil in an area where there is enough sunlight. Be sure to fertilize the soil with fertilizers, manure and compost.
Batun will sprout and grow excellently if the nutrient soil contains humus s, as well as in those places where potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage were previously planted.
Landing Rules
The soil must be dug deep, while it is necessary to remove the remains of plants and rhizomes of weeds. At the same time, the soil must be fertilized. How to plant a batun onion, sequence of actions:
How to care for seedlings
After sowing and germination, it is necessary to constantly remove weeds from the garden and water the ground. For perennial varieties, as soon as three leaves appear, you need to thin out the seedlings. It is necessary to leave those that are several centimeters apart from each other.
The process can be repeated until the distance between plants is five centimeters. Annual varieties do not need to be thinned out. Simultaneously with the thinning procedure, it is necessary to fertilize and water the onions.
Not later than the 2nd decade of July, you need to cut off all the leaves, except for the young ones. For a full recovery by the beginning of autumn, cutting feathers is not advised. For the winter, you need to leave areas with feathers. The initial harvest can be obtained after a month, and the second - after 2 months.
In the spring, it is imperative to fertilize the beds, and loosen and water the soil.
Harvesting for greenery
You can harvest as early as the end of May, when the leaves reach a height of 25 centimeters. Subsequent cutting should be carried out at intervals of a month.
Dense shoots are green leaves with excellent taste. As soon as the bow shoots an arrow, its taste will deteriorate. Better not to let it happen.
If the plant is grown as a perennial, then most often the feathers are cut in spring and autumn 1-2 times.
Although it is advised to change the place for the onion every year, in one area it can grow up to ten years. But after four years, the yield decreases, so it is better to transplant it and rejuvenate it with new seedlings.
Feathers need to be cut to the very spine, and it is best to store them in bunches in a cool place.
Preparing for the winter
At the end of summer, you need to take care of the onion bed in order to get a good harvest next year. It is necessary to inspect the beds: if the plants grow too close to each other, then you need to remove some of them. The thickest bushes can be dug up and divided.
It is best to plant it in September. During the warm autumn, he will have time to take root and prepare for the winter period. The autumn harvest is not carried out, since onions are grown only for greens.
To prevent the occurrence of various diseases, it is necessary to remove all damaged, dry or rotten feathers from the onion. The remaining leaves will dry up before the end of autumn, in the spring the onion batun will begin to sprout again.
Preparation for winter begins in the second decade of October-early November. Despite the fact that the plant is resistant to frost, it must be protected from sudden changes in temperature, as well as from rodents, which are a disaster for vegetable gardens in winter.
To create protection, the area with onions is mulched with forest humus, covered with sawdust, spruce branches, boards or branches are laid on top. If you want to surprise others, then as early as possible in the spring you need to remove all the covering material, carefully sweep away the sawdust and cover the bed with polyethylene. While the rest of the snow will still lie in other areas, you will already have green onions visible. It is impossible to save a batun for the winter period. However, there are two tricks that will allow you to enjoy onion greens in winter:
If possible, then plant it on a personal plot or on the window of a room in order to appreciate the delicate taste of a batun onion. Planting and caring for it does not require much effort, and eating onions is very useful, especially if it is grown in your garden.
This is an ordinary green onion, grown exclusively on a feather, and not on a turnip. Only a small thickening is formed in the soil, called a false bulb, which is also very tasty. You can grow a batun from seedlings and from seeds.
Other names: Tatarka, Pipe bow.
Growing a batun
In Russia, this type of onion is grown throughout the territory, with the exception of perhaps the most northern regions. Batun is a perennial onion that can grow in one place for up to 10 years, but it is most productive for the first 3-4 years.
Growing a batun is not a difficult task - even a beginner who has never grown onions can handle it.
This onion is suitable for growing in a heated greenhouse for greenery in winter. What does it grow even at a temperature of +12-+13 degrees, which is very convenient (energy consumption is not as large as when growing an ordinary turnip for greens).
Onion batun is frost-resistant, endures even harsh winters with air temperatures down to -40 degrees. In the spring, as soon as the soil thaws, green onion sprouts immediately appear, and it will withstand return frosts down to -6 degrees stoically. This is the first spring greens on our tables.
Onion batun from seeds
When to sow onions. The seeds of onion batun are sown as soon as the earth “moves away” from the frost, that is, as soon as the snow melts and the top layer of soil melts. In many regions, planting can be done as early as March. In the middle lane, sowing is recommended in the month of April.
Planting is carried out both with dry seeds and germinated. Soaking is carried out in ordinary water separated from chlorine, on a wet cloth, gauze, etc., until single pecking. Often the seeds are prepared for sowing by bubbling for 12-18 hours.
Then the seeds are slightly dried to flowability and sown in open ground or under a film.
Onion greens are ready for the first cut when their length is 20-25 cm. At this time, the feather is its most delicious - tender, juicy, it has a huge amount of vitamins, which undoubtedly indicates its usefulness. It contains carotene, sugar, ascorbic and nicotinic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, salts of potassium, magnesium, iron.
Batun leaves are cut at ground level, tied into neat bundles and stored in a refrigerator in plastic bags or film.
Over time, flower stalks will appear on the onion, while the growth of the leaves slows down and then stops completely, they coarsen and the quality of the product decreases accordingly. After a certain time, seeds will ripen on these peduncles (with early spring planting, approximately at the end of July), collect them, and then remove both peduncles and old leaves.
At this time, the batun begins a period of rest, which lasts 1.5-2 months. Further, it is desirable to feed the onion with a full complex mineral fertilizer, loosen the aisles and water. After about 2 weeks, the batun will give new young greens (September-early October).
You can sow this onion in the summer, up to the month of August.
Onion batun seedlings
In principle, you can grow this onion through seedlings. Basically, this is how gardeners grow in the northern regions and the middle zone, where the summer is short and sowing onions in open ground is possible only in late May and early June. And if you want to have greenery at the beginning of summer, then plant batun onions for seedlings in mid-late March.
You can also sow dry or soaked seeds. The soil for planting onions should not be heavy, it must contain river sand (and preferably vermiculite), they make the soil loose.
Seeds are planted to a depth of 1.5 cm, about 2-2.5 cm are left between plants.
Onion batun on the windowsill
To grow this onion at home, dig up a few plants and plant them in a box along with a clod of earth. Place the crate on the sunniest window sill. If the window sill is concrete (cold), then be sure to make a gasket between the box and the window sill so that the onion roots are not cold, otherwise they will rot. Naturally, the onion will grow better if additional lighting is installed above the plantings.
The best varieties of onion batun: description, photo, characteristics
We give a description of only 5 varieties of this onion, which received only positive feedback from gardeners. For these reasons, they are the most popular and in demand.
Onion batun April
Early ripe salad variety. The leaves are bright green, tender, juicy, do not coarsen for a long time, semi-sharp taste. The average weight of 1 plant is up to 300 g. The variety is frost-resistant, not prone to diseases. Grown in annual and perennial crops.
Seeds are sown in early spring (as soon as the soil allows) to a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm, with a distance between plants of 20 cm. Over the summer, 3-4 cuttings of green feathers are carried out. April onions can be grown in one place for up to 5 years.
Seeds of onion-batun varieties April firms Plasma seeds.
Onion batun Russian winter
The value of the variety: high yield, excellent taste, long-term return of marketable green onions, high winter hardiness.
Mid-season (27-30 days period from the beginning of leaf regrowth to technical ripeness) variety of perennial onion batun. The taste is semi-sharp. The variety is not affected by diseases. yield greenery per cut 1.58 kg/sq.m., per season 3.68 kg/sq.m.
Propagated by seeds and division of the bush. During the summer, it is recommended to carry out 2-3 cuts of green leaves. With an annual crop, early spring sowing and one-time harvesting of plants at the end of the season (together with a false bulb) are carried out. The leaves do not coarsen for a long time when harvested with the bulb. In one place, this onion grows well up to 5 years.
Bow batun Tenderness
Mid-season, winter-hardy, lettuce onion variety. The period from the beginning of the growth of leaves to economic suitability is 30 days. Leaves up to 35 cm long, green, with a slight wax coating, juicy, not coarsening for a long time, with a delicate, slightly spicy taste. The variety is valued for its high yield, early production of green products, high winter hardiness, high content of vitamin C, carotene, vitamins B1, B2 in the leaves.
It has a disinfectant, diaphoretic, hemostatic action. Recommended for hypertension, atherosclerosis, dysentery, gout. Excellent honey plant. Ideal for eating fresh, preparing salads, decorating dishes.
Bow batun Russian size
Grown as an annual crop. It has an incredibly wide tubular feather (up to 5 cm in diameter) with a mild sweetish taste. It can grow to the size of a leek. Feather length - up to 70 cm! Suitable for stuffing and cooking savory dishes.
Sowing for seedlings is carried out from mid-February, the depth of seed placement is 1-2 cm. Planting in the ground is recommended in the second half of May.
Top dressing 1 time in two weeks during the entire growing season. Care consists in systematic weeding, loosening, fertilizing and watering.
Bow batun Long Tokyo
An early ripe variety of perennial onions, suitable for obtaining early vitamin greens in all regions of Russia in open ground from spring to late autumn.
The plant is tall. The leaves are fistulate, erect, dark green, with a slight wax coating, up to 60 cm long. The leaves are tender, spicy in taste, but less spicy compared to onion greens.
This bow is frost-resistant, withstands temperatures down to -25 degrees without snow cover. Traditionally grown as a perennial crop. A more progressive method is an annual crop of greens, with sowing at the end of April and in July. The July sowing is not completely harvested, it is advisable to leave some of the plants in the winter to obtain products in April. With a perennial crop, the leaves are cut off, with an annual crop, the whole plant is removed.
yield for one-time cleaning 4 kg/sq.m.
How to grow onion batun, video
If you grow onion batun, please write which varieties do you like best? If possible, attach a photo of the batun onion you have grown. Thanks.
Your reviews of the onion batun will help many gardeners choose the best seeds for planting.
This species began to be cultivated in ancient times, it became the first of all onion plants known to mankind. For the first time they learned to grow it in the Far East, and from there the vegetable slowly spread throughout the world. This is an unpretentious and very useful greenery, and in addition, a spectacular decorative decoration of the garden. Today we will talk about what a bow-batun is. Landing before winter is most preferable for Russian latitudes.
General characteristics of the plant
This is a perennial plant of the lily family. It can grow in one place for 7 years or even more, which is very convenient. This can explain how popular the bow-batun is. Planting before winter is another plus, because at this time there is not much work on the garden plot.
This plant forms not a real, but a false bulb. From its bottom to the very end, more and more new shoots and leaves are formed. Its leaves are tubular, hollow, covered with a wax coating. They have high taste qualities, and are also very useful. In our country, the Russian subspecies of this plant is mainly cultivated, it has dark green, sharp leaves that coarsen very quickly, so if you are late with harvesting, then just cut them off at the root, a new crop will grow soon.
spring planting
If any of the plants is frost-resistant, it is the onion. Landing before winter does not threaten him, even in the case of a little snow and a very cold season. However, if you haven't managed to get a few plant bushes that you can divide and plant, but have purchased seeds, then wait until spring.
The best time for this is May or the first week of June. As usual, make a bed, thoroughly clean of weeds and insect larvae, level the surface with a rake and apply fertilizer. Watering should not be done so that the resulting hard crust does not interfere with planting. Soak the seeds in warm water, slightly tinted with potassium permanganate.
If you are worried about that, you can plant them more often, and then thin out, but optimally 1 g per 1 m 2. The sowing depth is relatively small, 1-3 cm. The first shoots are expected in about 10 days. You should not collect greens this summer, otherwise the plant will not winter well.
Correct landing pattern
In the case of planting seeds, this does not matter, since in this way we get seedlings, which are dug up in the fall and transferred to the main place of residence. But then you already need to do planning, since this is a perennial, and it does not need to be moved from its place for many more years. To do this, draw a garden bed so that for each bush there is a square of about 25 * 25 cm.
In early September, dig up young plants that you have grown from seeds or bought from a store and transfer them to the prepared bed.
Choice of soil and location
Another important event that must be carried out before being produced in September, when the entire crop is harvested, and the garden plot is in order. It will grow in almost any area, unpretentious to the composition of the soil and lighting. The lighter the soil (sandy), the more attention should be paid to watering. Not suitable for growing acidic and heavy, clayey areas, as well as deep shade.
The optimal location is a sunny ridge on which tomatoes or cucumbers used to grow. So you improve the soil, and then you can return the old garden culture to it again.
Summer care
Today, almost everyone has a batun onion in their garden. Cultivation and care do not take much time, and there are always juicy feathers in the garden that can be added to salad, crumbled into soup or borscht. Like any other garden plant, it needs to be fertilized, watered, weeded and loosened. And the younger the plant, the more attention it requires. The formed bush, which is 2-3 years old, will no longer be able to clog weeds, even if you forget about weeding for the whole summer, the main thing is to water it on time, because the grass absorbs moisture and nutrients from the soil very eagerly.
Another point that gardeners who planted and cared for include mandatory feeding if you want to see powerful bushes with large, crispy and juicy feathers. Summer seedlings can be fed with a solution of mullein or a complex of mineral fertilizers. In this case, 50 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of sodium chloride and 30 g of superphosphate are added to a bucket of water. This is a universal solution that is suitable for any onion, regardless of the year of life on your site.
In the fall, too, can not do without fertilization. This is necessary so that the plant quickly starts growing as soon as the sun warms the earth. A very good option is forest humus or leaves rotted in a compost heap. It is better to leave more active substances and trace elements until spring so that they do not cause rapid growth when the plant needs to prepare for winter.
Watering
The plant requires regular watering throughout the growing season. From the very first day, when the first sprouts appeared on the surface of the earth, and until September, you need to constantly monitor the condition of the soil. Without watering, the leaves quickly coarsen, become bitter and unsuitable for food. It remains only to cut them off and wait until new ones grow. If you moisten the soil daily, you can significantly increase the shelf life of onion feathers soft and green. Planting onions in autumn is carried out in a pre-moistened (on the eve of planting) bed, after which there is no need for watering, since the active vegetation phase is over. It's much cooler outside, and it's raining more often.
There is one more point that should be mentioned. In the second or third year, the batun begins to produce fluffy inflorescence heads in which the seeds ripen. They should not be cut, as they are excellent honey plants. At the end of ripening, the seeds can be harvested, they remain viable for 2-3 years. If you plan to freshen up your planting of batun in the coming years, then they may come in handy. We remind you that you can sit down. Each dug bush is disassembled into dozens of small plants, any of which will have a root and several leaves.
Autumn, preparation for winter
Summer is coming to an end, and we need to take care of our garden bed so that next year it will again please with juicy greenery. Carefully inspect the landings. If the bushes are too crowded, it may be necessary to remove some of them. The most lush can be dug up and divided if you are planning to expand the beds. If you are interested, then the answer is unequivocal - in September. During the warm autumn period, he will have time to take root and prepare for winter.
This onion does not have the “turnip” that we are used to, so there is no autumn harvest, all it can give you is summer greens. To prevent the plants from undergoing various diseases, remove all damaged, dried or rotted leaves from them. The rest will dry up before the end of autumn, and with the onset of spring, the false bulb will begin a new phase of leaf growth.
The second half of October - the beginning of November - the time of preparation for winter. Despite the fact that the batun is a fairly frost-resistant crop, it is necessary to protect it from sudden temperature changes (thaws and cold snaps), as well as attacks by rodents, which become a real disaster for garden plots in snowy winters.
To do this, a bed with onions is mulched with forest humus, covered with sawdust, spruce paws and pressed against boards. If you want to surprise your friends, then in early spring remove all covering materials, carefully sweep away the sawdust and cover the bed with a film. By the time the snow melts for the rest, you will have green onions flaunting. A photo of the garden taken at this time will be the most spectacular for the entire summer period.
Pests and diseases
Like all plants, onions have their enemies. In order to protect yourself from rodent attacks, it is best to cover the bushes with old pots or buckets. Another way to deal with these pests are ultrasonic devices that repel mice. The world of insect pests, as well as fungal diseases, is much more diverse. There are more than 50 of them, but the most common are bottom rot, downy mildew, and smut. Of insect lovers of acute culture, it is necessary to single out the onion secretive proboscis and thrips.
To protect plantings from such a scourge, you need to treat them with special chemicals. In the spring, these are preventive measures using a special preparation for phytophthora. But the most important rule is to change the place where the culture grows at least after 7 years.
How to keep greens for a long time
As you know, the onion-batun cannot be saved for the winter, it is a tender child of a sunny summer. But still, there are two ways that you can use to enjoy the greenery in winter. The first is the harvesting of green feathers for the future. It can be salting: chopped leaves are put in a jar and sprinkled with salt. The jar is stored in the refrigerator. In addition, greens can be frozen or pickled.
Another option is to transplant a few bushes into a pot in the fall and put them on the window. All winter they will give you fresh greens absolutely free of charge and at the same time decorate the interior of the room.
nutritional value
Onion is not in vain considered a remedy for all diseases. Its unique composition includes many macro- and microelements. These are calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium. In addition, it contains an impressive set of vitamins. These are C, E, K, PP, almost the entire group B. And this is with mild taste and the ability to decorate the table, which the onion gives us. You already know how to grow it, and now you can delight yourself and your loved ones with green feathers all year round.
A large number of dishes and preparations cannot do without the presence of onions, since it is this plant that accentuates the taste of products and gives them sharpness. However, the species diversity of this crop is not limited to the well-known leek, and a good alternative is the batun, which is described below.
What is an onion
- perennial plant, characterized by the presence of bulbs with low juiciness and thin scales, which are poorly stored in the winter. That is why only leaves and stems are used for food, for which, in fact, this species is grown.
The plant reaches 40-60 cm in height, throwing arrows up to 45 cm long in the second year of life. Young feathers are characterized by a high level of frost resistance and calmly tolerate frosts down to -6 ... -8 ° C, which means that the plant does not need more warmth.
Batun onions are the most popular species among perennial onions, which can be grown both from seeds (this method is most common) and vegetatively.
Important! In appearance, the plant is very similar to a young onion, only the fistulous leaves of this species are much larger and larger, reaching a length of 40 cm (at 2 cm in diameter).
The onion does not form a real bulb (unlike the already mentioned onion), but instead of it, a certain thickening is formed in the ground, called the “false bulb”. It is also worth noting that the taste of the batun is much softer than that of the onion, and an additional advantage is the higher content of vitamin C.Did you know? Batun onions have been quietly growing in one place for more than 4 years, although there are cases when even after seven years it was possible to get a rich cut of greenery.
However, experienced gardeners advise not to delay planting in other areas, since over time, due to the strong growth of the underground part, the crop yield is significantly reduced.
Selecting a landing site
Considering the possibility of long-term cultivation of onion-batun, the place for its planting should be chosen taking into account all the basic needs of the plant for a long time. As for the composition of the soil, the plant in this regard is not capricious and grows well even on acidic soils.
However, if you want to get a rich onion crop, then soil preparation for planting should be appropriate: organic matter is added to depleted soils and makes them light and permeable, while too acidic soils are additionally limed. Waterlogged or heavy clay soils are not at all suitable for growing.
Batun onions do not tolerate bright sunlight, so if you want to protect their arrows from quickly withering, you can sow a bed along the fence or near the trees so that the plant grows in partial shade.
Important! It is impossible to create beds with onions in areas flooded after heavy rainfall or snow melt, even though the onion loves moisture.
The chosen place should be flat, not have slopes, so that the seeds are not washed away by the flow of water.
The optimum temperature for the development of the plant is + 18 ... + 22 ° C, but this does not mean that it is not grown in colder climatic regions.
Preparatory procedures on the site
For planting onion-batuna in the spring, the garden bed is prepared from the fall or a couple of weeks before sowing, adding a bucket of good compost and 150 g of wood ash per 1 m². If the soil in your area is too depleted, then for 1 m² it is necessary to add about 5 kg of humus, 25 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of potassium chloride and 25 g of superphosphate.
You should also take into account the acidity of the soil. For this type of onion, soils with a pH of 7-7.2 are well suited. Too acidic soils need liming or adding dolomite flour.
The selected area should be dug up and leveled well, after which the rows should be “cut” at a distance of 25 cm from each other. Before direct sowing of onions, the soil is well moistened.
Preparing onion seeds before planting
When planting any plant, seed preparation plays a very important role, since even before the seeds are placed in the ground, you already have the opportunity to determine viable specimens.
Batun onions should not be planted in their original place, because only by adhering to the sequence in the crop rotation, you can get a good supply of seed for the next season, you just have to wait for the arrows to ripen. It is advisable to pre-soak the seeds selected for planting in water or a special solution of micronutrient fertilizers (one tablet is designed for 1 liter of liquid).
Important! The process must be controlled, since the seeds should not give long sprouts, which will significantly complicate planting.
As an alternative, you can soak the seeds of onion-batun in a warm solution of potassium permanganate (for 20 minutes), and then leave for a day in ordinary warm water, which will need to be changed 2-3 times. After this time, all seeds are dried to a free-flowing state and sown. Soaking the seed accelerates the emergence of seedlings by 5-7 days. Good and bad predecessors for onions
The composition of the soil is significantly affected by the plants that grow on it. However, not all of them are "friends" with each other, which means that some cultures may not grow well after their predecessors. Therefore, when they plant onions, they look so that garlic, carrots, onions (it doesn’t matter what kind) or cucumbers grow in front of it, since a lot of pests and pathogens of onion diseases remain in the ground.
At the same time, so that the land is not empty (if, for example, you decide to sow onions only in summer), they plant lettuce, Chinese cabbage, radish or dill, and after harvesting, batun is sown. These vegetables will not become an obstacle to obtaining an abundant harvest of this crop and will not create problems in its cultivation.
Sowing dates for onion seeds
Having collected seeds from one or two of the largest arrows of a batun, you will be provided with seed for the next season. Sowing crops in open ground is carried out from early spring to early summer, and in terms of planting and caring for plants planted at different times, there are no fundamental differences.
Since this type of bow is perfect for our climate, the ambient temperature during forcing arrows can be as low as +10 ... +13 ° C.
Simply put, even left on the beds, he will calmly survive the frosts, and the germination of feathers will begin almost simultaneously with the thawing of the soil. Onion feathers withstand a short-term drop in temperature to -4 ... -7 ° C, therefore, after waiting for the soil to warm, you can safely sow the seeds.
Annual plants are sown as soon as severe frosts subside (usually in March-early April), and perennial onions are taken closer to the beginning of summer or with the advent of autumn, but only so that it has time to germinate before the onset of frost. It should be noted that onions sown in autumn begin to grow greens as soon as the snow melts and the earth thaws.
The scheme and depth of sowing seeds
If, when sowing seeds, the row spacing is 18-20 cm, then the sowing pattern can be five- or six-line, with a depth of 1-3 cm (in this case, 1.5 g of seeds per 1 m² is considered the norm). In general, the sowing rate is 1.2-1.6 g of seeds per 1 m². Between rows often leave at least 25-30 cm.
Important! If the soil is heavy, then it is necessary to plant the seeds to a depth of 2 cm, and in other cases it is better to deepen the seed by 3 cm.
Ready crops are mulched with a layer of humus of 1-1.5 cm and slightly compacted. From sowing seeds to the appearance of the first shoots, it usually takes from 11 to 17 days. Care and cultivation of onions
Caring for a batun can not be called too difficult a task, since this process comes down to three main steps:
- watering- the soil should be moistened by 20 cm (in most cases it is enough to apply liquid twice a week, but in dry periods the plants are watered every other day);
- weeding- without it, it will not be possible to get a good harvest, especially since onions can generally deteriorate or get sick with any disease provoked by weed activity;
- loosening- promotes the respiration of the roots of the bulbs, which means it accelerates their growth.
Watering mode
With a lack of moisture in the soil, the feather of the onion-batun changes its shade and becomes bluish-white, and its tip is bent. At the same time, if there is too much liquid in the soil, the plant becomes pale green.
Opinions about the frequency and amount of watering onions were divided. So, some gardeners recommend watering the plant once a week, at the rate of 10 liters of water per 1 m² of plantations, increasing the dose only in very dry periods. However, the other half of experienced summer residents claim that you can get juicy greens only by watering onions 3-4 times a week, while adding 10-20 liters of liquid per 1 m² (3-4 hours after watering, the aisle must be loosened).
In any case, the climate of a particular area and the features of the site will help you determine the regularity of watering.
Weeding and loosening row spacings
If your sowing turned out to be too thick, you can thin out seedlings at a distance of 6-9 cm. After the first weeding, the soil between the rows must be loosened, because it is this process that is the key to obtaining a good harvest. Further loosening of the row spacing is carried out after watering, but only infrequently and very carefully so as not to damage the roots of young plants.
From the second week of July (but not later), all leaves are cut off a little above the false stem, leaving only young light green feathers on it. By the beginning of autumn, the leaves will fully recover, but during this period they are not recommended to be cut. It is noteworthy that beds with feathers are left for the winter, and dried leaves are removed in the second year, simply by raking them with a rake.
Did you know?228 types of onions are vegetable crops.
Fertilization
When growing onions, a prerequisite for a quality crop is the application of fertilizers (organic and mineral) to the soil. How to feed the onion batun is decided based on the specific period of its growth and development.
For example, during the growing season, the plant actively consumes nutrients from the soil, but given that the soil is well fertilized during planting, new fertilizers are applied to the ground only the next year.
The first time the onions are fed in early spring, using mainly organic fertilizers for this (mullein in a ratio of 1:8 or bird droppings infusion 1:20), and subsequent top dressing is carried out using mineral fertilizers, without adding nitrogen-containing components.
In the spring, for deep digging, up to 15 kg of organic matter per 1 m² of beds is often added, 120 g of ammophoska or 60 g of ammonium nitrate, 40 g of potassium salt and 50 g of superphosphate are also added to it.
Liquid mineral fertilizers are applied in the fall, immediately after harvest. In this case, you will need 50 g of ammonium nitrate, 3 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium chloride per 10 liters of water.
Harvest
The first crop of onion-batun can be harvested already 25-32 days after planting, and after 55-65 days, harvesting is repeated, cutting off all the remaining foliage. In the next 2-3 years, nothing changes in this process, since the cultivation of this type of onion is advisable only for the sake of obtaining green feathers.
In the second year after planting, the plants grow very early, and upon reaching a height of 30-35 cm, you can already get the first crop from them by cutting off the feathers at a height of 5-6 cm from the soil surface.
Important! In the first year of a plant's life in the northern regions, it is not advisable to cut young leaves, since the root system of the onion-batun should be well strengthened, which will help it endure harsh winters. By cutting the leaves, you force the onion to use all its strength to restore them, to the detriment of the growth of the root system.
Considering that onions are planted only for the sake of obtaining young leaves, plantings need to be rejuvenated annually by digging up powerful two- and three-year-old plants, which eventually form 5-7 arrows.
Diseases and pests of onion-batun
Many onion diseases and pests are similar for different species. Therefore, it is not surprising that the onion often suffers from the same ailments as its onion relative. The most common problems are fungal diseases, onion moth and onion fly. However, with proper cultivation and compliance with all agrotechnical requirements, these pests will not have to be dealt with.
For example, to prevent the development of fungal diseases, it is necessary:
- avoid excessive dampness in the garden (do not flood the plants when watering);
- do not thicken plantings, avoiding the formation of impenetrable thickets;
- remove weeds in a timely manner, since it is on them that most diseases accumulate.
Among other, no less unpleasant diseases of onion-batun are:
- downy mildew(manifested by a grayish bloom or rusty spots on the foliage), which microbiological preparations, copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate will help to cope with;
- rust(dirty yellow strokes are clearly visible on the feathers of the onion, which eventually take the form of pads);
- neck rot(appears during long-term storage of the harvested crop, due to which the vegetable softens and an unpleasant pungent odor appears);
- smut(manifested during the storage of the harvested crop, when black strokes form between the husks);
- fusarium(softening and rotting of the plant during storage, with the formation of a light plaque of the fungus on the bottom, which is also visible between the husks);
- mosaic(a viral disease that manifests itself on leaves and inflorescences with elongated specks or stripes, sometimes the leaves become corrugated);
- aspergillosis(or black mold) is clearly visible on the upper scales of the bulb and eventually leads to decay of diseased vegetables.
It is impossible not to recall the possible pests of the onion-batun. These include:
- beetle- cuts the feathers of the vegetable and puts its larva inside the plant, eating away soft tissues;
- onion hoverfly- pest larvae penetrate the bulb and destroy it, as a result of which the affected onion rots;
- root mite- gnaws through the bottom of the bulb and penetrates inside, also causing the vegetable to rot;
- bear- gnaws the stems and roots of mainly young onions, although it does not disdain mature plants;
- stem nematode- small roundworms that damage leaves and bulbs, causing them to shrivel, swell and deform;
- tobacco onion thrips- forms silver spots on the leaves, and leaves its excrement on the feathers of the vegetable (in the form of black dots).
However, do not forget about preventive measures, including the purchase of high-quality seed, compliance with crop rotation rules and requirements for agricultural technology.
Forcing green onions in winter
In October, onions of the third year of cultivation begin to be harvested. To do this, the bushes are completely dug up, and the leaves are cut to 2/3 of their height, after which the bulbs are sorted (large specimens are stored separately) and placed in a cool room with a temperature of 0 ° C until January.
After that, they can be planted in boxes with earth before forcing the feather. The depth of placement of the bulbs should be 1-2 cm more than when planting in open ground.
Important! The obligatory rest period of the onion-batun should last at least 4-6 weeks, which is why it is planted for distillation in January. If planted early, growth will start later.
Batun onions can also be grown on the windowsill, as they do in winter with onions. However, in this case, you should not expect a very high yield.
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Not as often as onions or shallots, you can see Batun onions in summer cottages, the taste of greens of which is tender and not so sharp, the yield is no less, and the care is quite simple. In addition, he is an unpretentious and frost-resistant culture, for this reason the summer residents who raised him live throughout Russia.
Onion Batun is a perennial plant, it belongs to the Liliaceae family. Greens can be used in salads, as well as in main dishes.
Agricultural technology
This bow is very beneficial for a summer resident. It can be sown once and will come out every year in early spring and continue to produce greens until the end of autumn. You can cut it off countless times, and it will grow back in full force.
The bow can be left open in the winter, even if there is not much snow, and at the same time there are quite low temperatures. He tolerates all this well and, with the onset of heat, again begins to release green feathers. For example, with regard to the April variety, it gives a harvest immediately after the snow melts. After a winter lack of vitamins, this is a great addition to any diet, as it has a large amount of vitamin C and mineral salts.
Appearance
Bow Batun does not like heavy soil, clayey or swampy, preferring fertile soil to this. On sandy soil produces many flower stalks. Gardeners growing it do not change their place for quite a long time, for 5 or 6 years, but the best yield is until the third year of planting, after which the foliage becomes much smaller.
Interesting. If the onion Batun is covered with a film, then we can expect a faster harvest, earlier by 2 weeks. The best option would be to plant in areas of the garden where cucumbers, potatoes, cabbage and tomatoes were grown before.
It is necessary to constantly maintain the correct soil moisture - this is an important condition for the cultivation of this variety of onions, with regular irrigation. When the ground in the garden with onions is dry, flower stalks will immediately grow. After that, the greens will be inapplicable for nutrition due to the bitter taste and fiber content.
This culture grows much better in areas that do not have shading, in those places where there is free access to the necessary sunlight. This greatly affects the amount of the harvest subsequently harvested.
reproduction
This crop gives the most abundant harvest up to the third year of cultivation in one place. For this reason, it needs to be updated. This is achieved by dividing bushes or seeds.
One bulb each
By the second year of planting, perennial bushes will include several stems and bulbs. It is better in spring, but it is also possible in autumn, the main thing is to be in time before the onset of night frosts, they dig out overgrown bushes and divide them into parts, plant them on prepared beds, thereby increasing the planting of onions.
Important! The number of bulbs that are suitable for propagation is determined by the number of stems in the bush.
Sowing seeds
They usually start growing Batun onions from seeds in mid-April, in some years a little earlier, and the seedlings are already moving to the site in June. This allows you to get greens by September, when gardeners harvest with bulbs called false bulbs.
Before any planting, a gardener who wants to get strong, good seedlings, first of all, will take care of the soil. It is prepared by mixing part of the humus and a layer of turf soil. Wood ash, nitroammophoska are also added, all this is mixed with special diligence.
If suddenly there are doubts about the soil, or it is taken from another site, it is better to play it safe and disinfect it by heating it in a home oven. Another option may be a strait with a not highly concentrated composition of manganese. This applies if there is a danger of destroying beneficial soil microbes when heated.
sprouts
After that, you need to take a shallow container, but not less than 15 cm, make holes for drainage at the bottom of the dish, and also fill the bottom with pebbles, about 1 cm thick. Now you can start preparing the planting material, which will subsequently be sown.
Soak onion seeds, preferably in rain or melt water, if possible, for a day. During this time, the water should be replaced 2 times. Then the seeds are wrapped in a cloth, and they lie in the refrigerator for two days, preferably on the bottom shelf. After this time, the seeds are taken out and dried on a dry cloth until a free-flowing state is reached.
Note. When planting Batuna onions in the spring, they are buried with seeds in the ground by 1.5-3 cm. The distance between rows should be about 5 cm. Boxes or pots can be used as a planting container, in the absence of the first. Sowing in pots has its own peculiarity, which consists in the fact that only 5 to 7 seeds are placed in them and their name is the so-called bouquet sowing.
After sowing, the seeds are covered with loose soil and lightly rolled. Then a small layer of sand must be poured on top. Then the seedlings are watered, but in no case from a watering can or something similar, but with a spray bottle. Otherwise, the seeds may float to the top.
Before the seedlings appear, the planters cover with a film, sometimes with glass. The temperature for comfortable germination should be from +18 to +21 degrees.
Seedling
When seedlings begin to break through only on the surface of the earth, the film is immediately removed and the containers are placed on the windowsill located on the south side. It is better if the temperature in the room at this time is not quite high, preferably about 10 degrees Celsius, and every other day it should be increased by 5 degrees. For temperature adjustment, ventilation is used with the obligatory absence of a draft.
Advice. Seedlings need good lighting for full growth and development. Light day in relation to the onion variety Batun must be provided within 14 hours. For this purpose, a phytolamp or a diode lamp is purchased in the store. About 30 cm are left from the seedlings to the light source. At first, when additional lighting has just appeared, it is not turned off for some time at all, for the plants to get used to it, and then it can only be turned on at night.
Superphosphate dissolved in water, as well as potassium sulfate, needs to be fed to young seedlings a week after the seeds are released. Thin out seedlings after the appearance of a true leaf, the distance between plants is recommended to be left equal to 3 cm.
Protect seedlings from pests
Seedlings are subjected to hardening before being sent to their permanent place of residence, that is, to the garden. They start with the simplest and most gentle - an open window, and then, increasing the time each time, they take it out into the street: first during the day, then at night.
Onion care
To describe the process of growing Batun onions, you need to list just a few points, such as:
- Watering;
- loosening the earth;
- Weeding;
- Fertilizer;
- Fight against diseases and pests.
loosening
The first loosening, which may well be combined with the removal of weeds, is done as soon as the sprouts reach a week of age. Loosening for the entire season should be 5 or 6. Mulching can help in reducing the frequency of this operation. To do this, a thin layer of humus is applied to the soil.
Watering
The plant is classified as a moisture-loving crop, so it requires frequent but moderate watering. The soil should be saturated with water to a depth of 20 cm.
Irrigation with water
When it rains a lot, you can reduce the amount of watering or even cancel them altogether. In weather without precipitation, watering is done about 2 times a week, and in extreme heat - 3 or 4 times a week. Water is needed not cold, but at room temperature. It is preferable to use settled water, you can rain.
top dressing
After the seedlings have been transferred to the garden, they bring in mullein diluted with 10 parts of water, or chicken manure, already diluted 15 times. With enriched soil, simple wood ash is enough.
With further growth, they are fed 1 more time in two weeks with wood ash.
Additional Information. Some gardeners prefer to grow this onion not in beds, but in protected soil, in a greenhouse.
Diseases and pests
If the soil is good, then the Batun onion on it is very rarely exposed to diseases and insect attacks. But still, this happens from time to time. Onion pests:
- onion fly;
- Onion weevil;
- Onion fire.
Onion diseases:
- Peronosporosis;
- Gray mold.
Harvesting
Onion Batun has a false bulb, and its cultivation is carried out to obtain a green feather. The collection of the green mass of the plant occurs from July to autumn, as it grows, and the next year, the cut begins in the spring.
The crop cut ends a month or a half before the cold weather, at which time the bulbs begin to prepare for wintering. During the season, the crop is harvested from two to four times, depending on the age of the crop.
Advice. The greens are harvested when they reach a height of 18-22 cm. Pruning is done at the very surface of the earth, bunches are made and placed in the refrigerator, wrapped in a plastic bag.
Varieties
Onion Batun has about 50 varieties, such as Gulden, Red, April, Fist, Long Tokyo, Chipollino, Russian winter and others.
Batun onion is rich in vitamins, such as vitamin C and ascorbic acid. For human health and, in particular, for the prevention of colds, he simply has no equal. Simple care and good yields make its cultivation affordable even for a novice gardener who sows Batun onions, and make it possible to always have fresh greens at home.
