Not a rule with parts of speech. NOT with full and short participles

As practice shows, the largest number of questions is raised by the NOT particle. The continuous and separate spelling of it with all parts of speech is studied throughout the school course. Let's consider some cases.

Verb

The most "mobile" part of speech is rightfully considered the verb. We describe practically every our action with its help. Merged and separate spelling begins to be studied in elementary school. This is because this rule is considered the simplest among other parts of speech. The main thing to remember: the verb will be spelled with NOT merged only in exceptional cases. As a rule, only separate spelling is peculiar to it.

In order not to be mistaken, it is necessary to distinguish the verb from other groups of speech. Remember, he answers questions (inf.) what to do? (do?).

The particle is NOT used separately: did not see, did NOT inform, does NOT speak.

In cases where a word cannot exist without this negative particle, we must turn it into a prefix and write together.

For example: The boss resented being late.

The weather raged in the evening.

There are few such words, they are considered exceptions to this simple rule.

Participle

This part of speech is sometimes called the verb form. But it is worth noting that the merged and separate spelling is strikingly different.

When the word we need with NOT is included in the turnover, in this case we will write it separately.

It is worth recalling the meaning of this term. A participle in Russian is a separate definition expressed by a participle with words dependent on it.

For example: The wind, which does not subside for a minute, would be very cold.

In this case, "not abating" (ac.) Has with him words that obey him: "not for a minute." We can argue that in this

Now we can be sure that this word will be spelled with the particle NOT only separately.

Take another sentence as an example: "An unread magazine was lying on the table."

In this case, the participle does not have any dependent words. It is a definition that obeys the word "journal". There is no turnover here, so we write the participle together with the NOT particle.

Merged and separate spelling, therefore, depends on its presence or absence.

Gerunds

Quite often, talking about our main action and using a verb for this purpose, we talk about another, secondary one. In this case, we will refer to the gerunds. This is exactly the function it has: to talk about an additional action in the main.

This part of speech also makes it difficult to use the NOT particle. In this case, the continuous and separate spelling will be similar to the verb. That is, the verbal participle is written with NOT in most cases separately: without drawing, without writing, without having fun.

However, here too we will encounter exceptions. Firstly, these are words that cannot be written without a particle: indignation, raging.

Secondly, when two prefixes are combined in a word.

For example: unloving, incomplete, incomplete.

True, some linguists believe that this is one whole morpheme of NEDO.

Noun

One of the most used and necessary parts of speech in our language. The noun helps us call things by their proper names, makes our speech diverse. It is thanks to him that the lexical composition of the entire Russian language is replenished. Fusion and separate spelling is governed by several aspects.

Example: An enemy will never defeat us.

In this sentence, the word with NOT can be replaced with a similar synonym for "enemy". In this situation, a noun with a particle must be written together.

If the word cannot be used without NOT, we will write them together: ignorant, dunno, fable.

In order for a noun with this particle to be written separately, two conditions are necessary.

The first is the presence of opposition, which is performed using unions a, but and others.

For example: A boy told his parents a lie.

It is necessary to be more careful when the opposition is not obvious, but only implied: It was not my mother who called on the phone. (And someone else). This is the second condition for separate spelling.

The use of the NOT particle (combined and separate spelling) in nouns, adjectives and adverbs is very similar.

Output

In this article, we examined the cases of spelling a NOT particle with some parts of speech. As we could see, there is no single rule on this score. Continuous and separate spelling not with participles, as well as verbs, participles and other parts of speech is different. In order to use this particle correctly, you need to ask a question to the word. This will help determine which part of speech is currently being used. After that, we can easily apply the rule we need for each case. The key is to remember that there are a number of exceptions to each rule.

NOT with nouns, adjectives, adverbs
	The rule		Examples of
together	1. If a word without NOT not used		H ez abudka n ate nyy n eu inevitably
	2. Word with NOT can be replaced with a synonym		H ep ravda (lie) n ep sucker (good) n units Aleko (close)
	3. With the following words: absolutely, very, very, almost, extremely, too, completely		Very difficult task almost unfamiliar absolutely wrong merit very small
apart	1. When opposed to the union A(not BUT)		Not true, but false, not bad, but good, not far, but close
	2. With the following words: Not at all, not at all, not at all, far NOT, not to anyone		not at all truth, far from silly, not at all far, not at all hard, nobody needed
	3. When denying any quality, without affirming the opposite		He is not stupid (but is she smart?) She is not far and not close
	4. Short adjectives, adverbs as predicates
Short adjectives are NOT written, as a rule, in the same way as with full			Shore n ev high (the coast is low)
together		with indefinite pronouns, as well as with negative ones without a preposition	n eu how many articles, something new, nothing to help, no one to ask
		with negative adverbs	n eg de, nowhere, no time, nowhere, no need

Examples for spelling warm-up:

H e d spur, n e R yakha, n e v olnik, n e and sting, n e n avist, n e with tolerant n e at key, n e R lustfully, n e h ayanno. H e NS ravda ( Lying),n e NS proprietor ( enemy),n e d swear ( enemy),n e s health ( disease),n e NS sucker ( good),n e v cheerful ( sad),n e at mny ( silly);n e d Aleko ( close),n e NS loho ( satisfactorily),n e m slowly ( soon, immediately),n e NS cheerfully ( rough). it not truth, a Lying. Is needed here not experience, a knowledge. This is absolutely not success ( what? ). Room not big, a small. He still not old ( Which one then? ). He committed not good, a bad deed. From school to home not far, a close. it far not the best way out. Not at all not interesting book. it by no means not complete data. Far not modestly. to me not at all not fearfully. His by no means not funny. Study never not late.

Diagnostic set number 10 Spelling not with nouns and adjectives.

Working part		Control part
Column # 1	Column # 2
1 (not) familiar, but a stranger 2 prove (not) guilt 3 (not) ugly expressions 4 far (not) beauty 5 not at all (not) dangerous disease 6 (not) friend 7 (in) stupidity 8 (not) large program 9 (un) vein 10 lend (dis) trust	1 (non) discontinuous broadcast 2 is (not) wind 3 (not) reasonableness 4 (not) happiness, but trouble 5 (not) touchy 6 the night is by no means (not) dark 7 (un) knowledge 8 (not) beautiful, but expensive 9 (not) weather 10 reveal (in) combat capability
Column # 3	Column No. 4
1 far (not) smart guy 2 (not) supply 3 (un) known device 4 (not) a friend, but an enemy 5 performance is (not) interesting 6 heavy (un) happiness 7 (un) experience leads to trouble 8 (not) accessory rock 9 (not) familiar 10 the book in (un) happiness comforts	1 meeting (not) needed by anyone 2 (not) dependent character 3 suggests luck and (not) luck 4 house is (not) new and (not) old 5 (non) dependence of the Motherland 6 (un) reconcilable contradictions 7 grass is (not) tall 8 (non) wine entertainment 9 made noisy (not) weather 10 (not) buddy blew up bridges

Exercise number 1. From these nouns form all possible parts of speech.

Nouns	Adjectives	Adverbs
hatred	hated	hateful
continuity
clumsiness
negligence
absurdity


carelessness
need
surprise
absurdity
indignation

mistrust
independence
indecision

Exercise number 2. Use the prefix NOT to form words with opposite meanings.

Heading: Additional elements

Particle is not written separately

If present or implied juxtaposition.
Examples of: This is not happiness, but grief. The river is not shallow (deep).
With short adjectives which are not used in full form.
Examples of: not happy, should not, not right, not visible, not intending, not disposed, not ready, not obligated, not needed, disagree.
With adjectives, -o adverbs and participles, if opposition is implied and negation is reinforced by negative pronouns and adverbs: nobody, nothing, far, at all, by no means, hardly, hardly.
Examples of: They made the wrong decision. The news was not at all happy. It was an unmotivated act.
With verbs, participles, short participles, numerals, conjunctions, particles, prepositions.
Examples of: was not, could not, not recognizing, not ordered, not removed, not one, not five, not that - not that, not only, not above (us).
Full participles in the presence of dependent words or opposition.
Examples of: There were fields of rye that had not yet been harvested. They found not destroyed, but a completely whole hut.
With adverbs and words of state: a) in a comparative degree; b) in the role of predicates in impersonal sentences.
Examples of: did not move faster, did not speak louder; no need, no need, no pity, no scary.
In negative pronouns with prepositions.
Examples of: with no one, nothing, nothing to do with (stayed).

"Not with different parts of speech "is one of the topics in the Russian language that always cause difficulties. And the point here is not so much the complexity of the topic itself, but in the amount of information that needs to be remembered: the rules used for the verb are not always suitable for a noun, but try Determining the continuous and separate spelling of the participle by analogy with the verb is generally one of the gross mistakes! What can you do to be confident in your knowledge and not make mistakes?

Particle and prefix

First you need to clearly delineate the particle not and the prefix not-... The particle is always written separately, the prefix is distinguished by the corresponding sign in the morphemic parsing of the word and is its structural part. Based on this, a general rule is built: not with different parts of speech is written together if the given word without not just not used ( hate, bad weather, invincible, unexpected etc.). It is not at all difficult to find such words in the text, so there are usually no difficulties with them.

Spelling with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

One large group combines nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -O (cold, fast). Particle Spelling not with different parts of speech in this case completely and completely coincides.

So, not written separately:

If there is opposition to the union a (not hot, but cold; not a friend, but an enemy; not fresh, but stale).
With words far, far away (by no means caution; not cold at all; far from easy).
Double negation ( not new to anyone; not interesting news to anyone).
When two signs are denied in a row ( not high and not low).

Fused spelling not- with different parts of speech is possible in two cases:

If you can pick up a synonym without not- (enemy - enemy, close - close, little - little).
If the union is used but in combinations like shallow but fast... Union but is disgusting, however, unlike the union a it can mean not opposition, but comparison of non-mutually exclusive features.

Participle

We continue to study the spelling of particles not with different parts of speech. The rule concerning the sacrament can be safely called one of the most controversial, because it is with it that the greatest difficulties usually arise. But let's try to figure it out.

Together not- with the participle is written in such cases:

If there is no dependent word ( wet grass; unfulfilled task).
If there is no opposition ( unread book; unpublished manuscript).
With adverbs of measure and degree very, extremely, absolutely, almost, completely, extremely, completely, very (extremely ill-considered decision; almost undisturbed order).
If the participle is formed from a verb with a prefix under- (misunderstood, under-washed).

Separated not also easy to figure out:

If there is a dependent word ( not written (how?) composition on time; student who did not come (when?) today).
If there is an opposition ( not invented, but a real plot).
If the participle is short ( the story is not fictional, the book is not read).

Only separately!

There are several situations in which only separate writing is possible. not with different parts of speech. Some of them are peculiar rules and are memorized by children in elementary school, while others practically do not occur.

With words that are hyphenated ( not comradely, not southeast).
With comparative adjectives ( not better, not worse).
With relative, possessive adjectives, as well as adjectives of taste and color ( not winter; not my mother's; not black).
With numbers ( not one, not the second).
With verbs ( I didn’t go, I couldn’t).
With gerunds ( not knowing how, not thinking).
With service words: prepositions and particles ( not only, not with him, not because of him).

In addition to the fourth point: it is very important not to confuse the participle and the adjective, because in the case of a short adjective, the spelling not will obey different rules. Compare: the girl is talented and educated and group formed... In the first case, that the word educated is an adjective, indicates a word of the same part of speech standing next to it, moreover, it is clear from the meaning that this is not a gerunds (the girl was not formed, but she is smart). In the second situation, it is clear that someone created the group, formed, that is, it formed... Hence, due to different spellings not different parts of speech, which include homonymous words.

Pronouns

Thinking about spelling not with different parts of speech, let's focus on personal and negative pronouns. In the case of them, everything is very simple: if there is a preposition, it is written separately ( not with anyone), if it does not exist - together ( once).

Under- and not before

One of the most difficult points of this rule is the spelling of verbs with the prefix under- and verbs with particle not and the prefix before-... I mean words like undernourished and not eat up, which at first glance are exactly the same, but from the point of view of grammar should be written differently.

Prefix under- denotes a completed action, the result of which does not correspond to the norm (some linguists say that any word with this prefix means something bad): underestimate (eat little), underestimate (not value highly enough), under-talk (hide the truth).

In turn, the particle and the prefix characterize the interrupted action: do not finish eating (do not have time to finish the meal), do not finish (do not finish speech), do not swim (do not finish swimming).

At first glance, everything is not so difficult, but sometimes situations arise when it is not easy to choose between two options.

Not against nor

Another controversial topic is "Spelling not and nor with different parts of speech. "Fortunately, there are not so many nuances here, so it will not be difficult to understand the rules.

Particle not used for:

Negation expressions ( did not understand, not mine).
Under stress in pronouns ( a little, sometimes).

Whereas the particle nor:

Strengthens denial ( there was no light or house to be seen)
Used not under stress in pronouns ( no one, never)
Used in complex sentences to strengthen the statement ( wherever we went, we were greeted with joy everywhere).

In principle, everything is not so difficult, some tasks of such a plan are performed exclusively at the level of intuition, but nevertheless, knowledge of the theory can greatly facilitate the task.

We repeat

In order to consolidate the rule, it is better to repeat the entire material. It is important to understand what combinations are formed with not different parts of speech. The table will help you remember the most important things.

		Apart
Nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -O	1. Synonym without not- 2. Not used without not-	1. Opposition with the union a 2. Far from, not at all, far from 3. Double negation
Communion	1. Without a dependent word	1.With adverbs of measure and degree 2.With a dependent word
Other parts of speech		1.With words that are written with a hyphen 2.With verbs and participles 3.With short participles 4.With possessive, relative adjectives, color adjectives 5.With numbers 6.With official words

Conclusion

Basically, this is where you can end your spelling conversation. not with different parts of speech. This rule includes many sub-points, each of which is divided into several others - you really have to memorize a lot. But, on the other hand, here and there there are overlapping moments, thanks to which, of course, it will be much easier to understand. The main thing is desire, patience and practice, and the rest will come by itself.

Writing not with different parts of speech depends on whether not part of a word (prefix) or a separate word - a negative particle. Prefix not- spelled together with the next part of the word, particle not spelled separately with the word following it. Compare, for example: Not execution is terrible - your disfavor is terrible(NS.); Not an easy lot, not pleasant / Was taken out for you by fate, / And early with a merciless life / You entered into an unequal battle(Tyutsch.).

The difficulty for the writer is to distinguish between particle and prefix. The rules are structured to help the writer distinguish between the prefix not- and a particle not and based on this, choose a continuous or separate spelling.

Particle not expresses negation without creating a new word, whereas with the prefix not- a word is created, compare: Not experience is the reason, but prudence and Inexperience leads to trouble(NS.).

With words of the same grammatical categories not can be written only separately, with words of other categories - both together and separately. In addition, there are conditions that determine only the continuous spelling not regardless of the grammatical category of words. Only negation is written separately not , referring to the whole phrase.

Continuous spelling NOT

Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word negation not is written together in the following cases.

1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of the word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word, for example:

Nouns: fiction, tumbler, ignorance, ignoramus, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, villain, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, malfunctions, fidget, slob, unintentional, loser, infidel;

Adjectives (as well as the adverbs formed from them into O ): careless, inconspicuous, irreversible, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, ridiculous, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, endless, unceasing, unmistakable, incomparable, awkward, unhappy, awkward, unbearable, unshakable, unassailable, unquestionable; careless, ridiculous, necessary, undoubtedly;

Verbs: dislike, dislike, be indignant, be ill, uncomfortable, hate, unwell, do not feel good, bewildered, do not exist, itching to;

Adverbs and other unchangeable words: unbearable, unbearable, unbearable, unaware, by chance, overwhelming, impossible, by accident, really.

2. If a part of a word without not in independent use has a different meaning that is not related to the given word , for example: ignorance(‘Ignorance’; conducting stands for ‘industry’, compare: it was in charge of ...); flaw('flaw'; wealth means ‘prosperity, lack of need’); misfortune(‘Trouble’, not ‘lack of happiness’) unimportant('bad'; important means 'proud' and 'significant'); narrow-minded(‘Not very smart’; far means 'at a great distance'); to miss(meaning 'not enough'), enemy('enemy'). Compare also: unprecedented incident, wrong light, improbable event, impossible character, involuntary lie, bad boy, immediate response, immediate response; unevenness(meaning ‘uneven place on the surface’); not without reason(meaning ‘not in vain’).

3. As part of the consoles, under- and not without- (heaven-):

under- with the value of incompleteness, insufficiency in comparison with the norm, for example: underweight, imperfection, undersize, underestimation, defect; underripe, underdeveloped; underfulfillment, underfilling, undernourishing, under-receiving, under-telling, over-looking, under-salting, under-sleeping, under-eating;

From verbs with a prefix under- it is necessary to distinguish verbs with the prefix before- and the preceding particle not(such verbs with a particle not indicate an unfinished action). Compare: Overlooked the child and Didn't finish watching the play to the end; They are chronically malnourished. and He usually doesn’t finish his portion..

not without- (heaven-) with the value of a moderate, but quite significant degree of the attribute, for example: notorious(‘Pretty famous’) not unfounded, not useless(‘Pretty useful’) not fruitlessly(‘Pretty effective’).

Separate spelling NOT

Negation is not written separately in the following cases.

1. With all forms of verbs :

a) with infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: do not know, do not know, do not know, did not know, did not know, do not rush, do not rush, do not rush, do not like it, unlucky;

b) with short forms of participles, for example: not used, not starched, not uncorked, not developed, not closed, not busy, not drunk;

c) with gerunds, for example: not wanting, not being distracted, not in a hurry, not joking, not having time, not having met.

From participles with a particle not should be distinguished:

a) adverb immediately(‘Immediately, immediately’), compare: Immediately got down to business and Without hesitating to answer, he sat down to write;

b) complex prepositions despite, despite, compare: Came despite the difficulties and Walked, not looking around; c) union although.

2. With numerals and countable nouns , for example: not one, not two, not five, not both, not a sixth, not a hundred, not a thousand, not a million.

3. With pronouns , for example: not me, not me, not you, not you, not he, not that one, not mine, not ours, not theirs, not someone, not like that, not everyone, not everyone, not so much, not like that, not always, not everywhere, not in my own voice, not myself.

4. With adjectives used only in short form : not happy, should not, not much.

5. With adverbs (except those formed from adjectives with the suffix -O ), and with unchangeable words used as a predicate , for example: not close, not in time, not quite, not right, not for the future, not seriously, not casually, not yesterday, not full, not tomorrow, not in vain, not otherwise, not forever, not forever, not on purpose, not very much, not behind , not completely, not today, not too much, not on top, not right away; not sorry, not married, not shameful, not necessary.

There are a few exceptions to this rule: adverbs not far, inappropriate, shortly, not for long, not much can be written both together and separately.

6. With any hyphenated words for example: not a commercial and industrial, not a research, not a conference hall, not a social democrat, not in a comradely way, not in Russian, not in our way.

7. With any combination of words :

a) with combinations consisting of significant words (in these cases, the negation does not refer to the word that follows not , but to the whole phrase), for example: not a candidate of sciences, not a citizen of Russia, not a researcher, not an expert in philology, not directly proportional;

b) with prepositional combinations, for example: not for children, not for the sake of glory, not with them, not along the way, not without reason, not under authority, not according to conscience, not from timid, not about war, not in spirit, not able, not in his mind, not to the face, beyond the power.

Merged / separate spelling NOT

With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in -O , full participles not can be written both together and separately.

-O negation not written separately in the following cases.

1. As part of constructions with opposition : not ... ah, not ... but, ... not ... In such constructions not can only be a negative particle, for example:

Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truth(compare: Told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(compare: His dislike of animals);

Not a good person, but rather a bad one(compare: He is not a good man); The title is quirky, not original(compare: Unoriginal title); Not a simple testicle, but a golden one(compare: Difficult question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher ;

You did not act badly, but terribly; It is not easy to understand this, but very simple.

Particle is also spelled not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a union a , for example: This is not fun, this is a lesson; Not pleasant - an exciting sight; A gift is not dear - love is dear; He acts not more energetically - more fussy.

Such constructions should be distinguished from opposition of a different kind, in which the unions a and but close in value to although, nevertheless, nevertheless, for example: The river was not wide, but full-flowing; He's ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; Inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but pretty; Not stupid but boring... It is not denied here that the river was wide, that it is beautiful, etc., but it is argued that the river is not wide, that it is ugly, etc.

2. As part of constructions that reinforce the negation:

a) with words not at all, not at all, far not, not at all, not at all , for example: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from being brave; He is not in the least stupid man; It's no fun to talk about it; Not in the least embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband.;

b) with negative pronouns: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, nothing, nothing etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, in no way useless, not good for anything, not capable of anything, not interesting in any way; He is no prettier than his sister.;

v) with the union no no, for example: Neither the hosts nor the guests are known to be a man; Not needed neither for me nor for you.

Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructs that emphasize affirmative meaning.

3. In combinations almost ..., almost ..., isn't it ..., not further than ..., not later than ..., not earlier than ...

With nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -O negation is NOT written together in the following cases NS

1. If the word with cannot be replaced by a word close in meaning without not. This possibility suggests that not - a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-interference(neutrality), not true(Lying); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), not infrequently(often), not easy(hard), not close(far), quite a few(many).

2. If nouns and adjectives in combination with do not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena , for example: non-doctors, nefranians, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-residents; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, in blood, / With a whip, a mutilated muse(Nekr.); A physician will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; The non-Egyptologist will not understand it; Nemathematicians cannot solve this problem; A nonlinguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries .

3. If there is no definition or preposition before the noun with. The presence of these words is a sign that not forms a single word with this noun, for example: Fired for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his indiscretion was his everlasting indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I doze at the balls, / Until they are deadly reluctant(Gr.).

4... If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb in -O there are words very, extremely, very, extremely, obviously, quite (enough), enough, blatantly, exclusively, supremely- words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the sign, emphasizing the statement, for example: very unscrupulous work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely unintelligibly and unsatisfactorily, very uncommon, very thoughtlessly, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly inappropriate undertaking, rather unsuccessful ending, rather consistent, blatantly illiterate, extremely unfavorable circumstances , extremely indecent.

However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words that are not written separately. Compare, for example: absolutely(absolutely) bad performance and he is absolutely human(absolutely) not old(possibly synonymous combination not old at all).

5. If in the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs there are clarifying adverbs , for example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, everything is inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions such as: there is nothing more unfortunate than ... or in a construction with unions what ... so, for example: the simpler the better; the further, the more disappointing.

From a number of adjectives with a prefix not- and the corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with not- from words having forms with the suffix -e and -she (for example: poor, difficult, not loud, not thin, not far), with a shock suffix -her (for example: weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the spellings are common not richer, not easier, not louder, not further, not stronger, more obscure, not more fun.

However, it is very rare for forms of a comparative degree from such formations with not- meet, for example: The floating ghost became even more obscure(NS.); It was not simpler, more secretive than him, there was no small one in all Izvala(Boon.).

In all other cases, in the absence in the context of words that help to recognize a negation or a statement and, therefore, distinguish a particle not from prefix not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing a negation or emphasizing a statement - are possible meaningfully in a given context.

If possible, substitution of words expressing opposition or reinforcing negation ( at all, by no means and others), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; the weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.

If it is possible to substitute words that underline the statement ( very, enough and etc.), not written together, for example: The way there(very) narrow-minded; They live(very) not rich; the weather was(enough) not hot; He(very) restless; They(clearly) innocent; Left but(very) not for long; May be,(very) and it's not bad that he didn't get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.

Unlike participles, for any dependent words (except for words that reinforce negation), the spelling of such adjectives with not remains merged, for example: an unusual role for her, a stranger to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not inclined to bragging, out of the reach of children, the island has long been uninhabited.

Thus, the writer must be aware of what he wants to express: the negation of the feature - and then write not apart from the next word(for example: he is not healthy, it does not matter, cases are not rare, not accidental, not essential, not surprising, not in a democratic way) or assertion of a feature - and then write not together (compare: he is unwell, there are frequent cases, no matter, no coincidence, insignificant, no wonder, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will also determine the understanding of what the readers have written.

With full participles, negation is not written separately:

a) if they have dependent words , for example: a person who does not shun any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who have not seen for many years; not supported by facts version; genius not recognized by contemporaries; object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; not moved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; not painted roof since spring;

b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, for example: this is not a finished work, but some kind of sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not belligerent, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - beloved; not at all reassured, not at all embarrassed, not at all delighted, not noticed by anyone, never discouraged, not loved by anyone.

With full participles, negation is not written together:

a) in the absence of dependent words , for example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, idle retirees, non-combatants, unblown flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unspilled plants;

b) as part of structures that emphasize the statement, for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unfounded demands.