The results of the 2010 USE in social studies showed that reading and understanding texts is becoming an urgent problem for the subject. The performance indicators of tasks for the analysis and interpretation of fragments of original texts containing information have become lower than in previous years.
How to work with text on the exam
1. How to start working with text?
Read the text carefully before answering questions and completing assignments. Direct answers to many questions are contained in the text itself.
It is important in the process of preliminary reading to clearly define to which content line of the course of social studies the proposed text belongs ("Society", "Cognition", "Spiritual life of society", "Economic sphere of life of society", "Social relations", "Politics" and "Law" This correlation is necessary because, as has been noted more than once, some of the tasks involve the use of contextual knowledge.
2. Do I need to define the main idea of the text?
Determine the main idea of the text.
3. In what order should you answer the questions?
The general principle is simple - to answer in the order in which they are presented in the work. It is sometimes impossible to complete the next task if the answer to the previous question is not found.
4. How to figure out for yourself- whether to look for the answer in the text or do you need to remember what was studied in the lessons?
5. What to look for when completing assignments?
Important:
read the assignment carefully;
understand what exactly is required for a successful response;
understand what parts the task is composed of;
try to complete the entire task;
if you can answer only part of the task, be sure to write down the answer (each element of the answer is evaluated, incomplete, but the correct answer will bring you extra points);
do not go beyond the scope of the question, do not try to write everything that you know about the problem, do not evaluate the opinion of the author and do not seek to express your point of view, if this is not directly provided for by the assignment;
try to illustrate the answer with specific facts;
having formulated the answer, check its correctness.
The first task out of four (C1) is aimed at identifying the awareness of perception and the accuracy of reproduction of the information contained in the text. It is required to find and present in the answer the information contained in the text in the form in which it is given in the author's text. The second task (C2) is aimed at reproducing and interpreting information. The third task (C3) most often involves the characterization of the text. This assignment involves the attraction of additional knowledge on the subject. The fourth task (C4) is aimed at using the knowledge gained from the text in another situation. C3 and C4 tasks are the most difficult. The reason for the difficulties is that graduates do not pay attention to the requirement to fulfill "based on the text."
Example task
Text for tasks C1-C4.
State in a market economy
All agents of the economy are united by a single market space of the country, where the same rules of the game are monitored and supported by special state institutions ... The market itself is not able to maintain competition. Maintaining and stimulating competition in the economic sphere is the function of the state. Fighting monopoly, supporting competition, the state is both within the market model and outside it, guaranteeing the stability of the market system as a whole. Maintaining stability is as important as protecting competition. A favorable social climate in the country, and the stability of the financial system, and ... the expansion of the production of public goods - especially in the sphere of services, education, science, health care, culture, - the creation of a legal field in the business sphere ... even in the theoretical market model, the state plays a crucial role - the preservation of the market system itself through the expression of common, or public interests. Not a single private business, no matter how gigantic it has reached, by its very nature can ignore its own interests and assume the interests of the whole society. However, the state can cope with such responsibilities only if it is part of a democratic society. In such a society, along with the market mechanism, there is a democratic mechanism for the control of voters over the state apparatus, and the judicial system provides legal protection to all citizens in accordance with the law.
(A. Porokhovsky)
C1.
C2. The author lists the socio-economic phenomena of the life of society, which are directly dependent on the active role of the state in their regulation.
Name any three of them and illustrate one with an example.
C3.
C4.
Answer:
C1. What are the three economic functions of the state in a market economy named in the text?
| Points | |
|---|---|
| The correct answer should contain the following positions: 1) the following socio-economic phenomena are named: - a favorable social climate in the country, the stability of the financial system; - expansion of production of public goods; - creation of a legal framework in the financial sector. 2) one of the socio-economic phenomena is illustrated by an example, for example: - adoption of the Civil Code (legal field); - fight against corruption (favorable social climate); - Carrying out a reform of the education system, health care (production of public goods). Other examples may be given |
|
| Three phenomena are named, one is illustrated by an example | 2 |
| Three phenomena are named without an example OR two phenomena are named, one of them is illustrated by an example | 1 |
| Less than three phenomena named without examples OR one phenomenon named and illustrated with an example OR the answer is incorrect | 0 |
| Maximum score | 2 |
C3. The author of the document emphasizes the role of the state in the preservation and development of competition. Based on the text and knowledge of the social science course, provide three proofs of the importance of competition for a market economy.
| Content of the correct answer and guidelines for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed without distorting its meaning) |
Points |
|---|---|
| The response may include the following items to explain the role of competition: 1) ensures freedom of market pricing; 2) creates conditions for the realization of the economic freedom of the producer, contributing to the independence of the economic choice of the consumer; 3) stimulates the improvement of the quality of produced goods and services; 4) stimulates the reduction of production costs. Other correct answers are possible. |
|
| Three items indicated | 3 |
| Two items indicated | 2 |
| One function specified | 1 |
| Wrong answer | 0 |
| Maximum score | 3 |
C4. Various points of view are expressed on the relationship between the market economy and democracy. What is the position of the author? Name two arguments he gave and explain any of them using an example.
| Content of the correct answer and guidelines for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed without distorting its meaning) |
Points |
|---|---|
| The correct answer should contain the following elements: 1) the author's opinion is given: only in a democratic society can the state ensure the functioning of a market economy; 2) two arguments are given, for example: in a democratic society - a mechanism for the control of voters over the state apparatus has been established; - the judicial system provides legal protection to citizens. 3) an example is given as an explanation, for example: - an entrepreneur can go to court with a claim on the illegality of the actions of the city department in relation to his enterprise; - voters can demand from their deputy a report on his voting on economic issues. Other arguments and other examples may be given. |
|
| The author's point of view is indicated, two arguments are named, one example is given | 3 |
| The author's point of view is indicated, two arguments are named, an example is not given, OR the author's point of view is indicated, one argument is named and one example is given OR the author's point of view is clearly not given, two arguments and one example are given | 2 |
| The author's point of view is indicated, the argument is given without an example OR the author's point of view is indicated, an example is given, there are no arguments OR the author's point of view is not explicitly given, two arguments are given, there is no example OR the author's point of view is not explicitly indicated, one argument and an example are given | 1 |
| The author's point of view is indicated, but no argument or example is given OR the answer is incorrect. | 0 |
| Maximum score | 3 |
1. Demonstration version of control measuring materials of the unified state exam in social studies. www.fipi.ru
2. Lazebnikova A.Yu. Social Studies. Unified State Exam: collection of tasks: a methodological guide for preparing for the exam / A.Yu. Lazebnikova, M. Yu. Brandt. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2010. www.alleng.ru
3. Rutkovskaya E.L., Kotova O.A., Liskova T.E. Excellent student of the exam. Social Studies. Solving complex tasks / FIPI. - M: .Intellekt - Center, 2010. www.alleng.ru
The Unified State Exam in Social Studies is the most popular elective exam after the compulsory exam in mathematics and Russian. According to data from past years, social studies were chosen by more than half of the graduates, and in 2013 69.3% passed it! And at the same time it is one of the most difficult exams... This year 5.3% of graduates failed to pass the USE in social studies, which is about 25 thousand people! What is the reason for this failure?
Five pitfalls of social science
There is a common misconception among alumni that social studies is one of the easiest subjects... Many of them are sure that it is really possible to "blab something" about it. This is the first trap of social science. Pupils draw on their experience of oral answers in the classroom, where you can really say a lot, and the teacher himself will isolate the correct answer from what has been said. On the Unified State Exam, where even the detailed answers of Part C consist of only a few sentences, it is impossible to "chat", but you need to give clear answers.
And here we have before us the second trap of social science: knowledge of terminology and the ability to operate it... If terminology can be learned, then the ability to operate with it requires the skills of logical thinking: the ability to compare and analyze. This means that the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, to a greater extent than any other exam, involves not a simple reproduction of memorized material, but its "dissection", which is much more difficult.
The Unified State Exam in Social Studies is a real integral exam: it includes five topics related to different sciences: economics, law, philosophy, sociology and political science. Each science has its own conceptual apparatus: terminology, approaches to assessment and analysis. This is the third trap - the student needs to master all the terminology and logic of each of the five sciences. The complexity of the USE in social studies is that, unlike, for example, mathematics, where geometric problems take a clear place in the structure of the exam, the question for comparison can be both in the topic of economics and sociology. Consequently, the student must, first of all, determine what discipline he is dealing with, and then "turn on" the necessary conceptual apparatus.
The Unified State Exam in Social Studies is taken in many specialties - in economics, law, public administration, architecture, customs, logistics and other specialties of the humanitarian and socio-economic profile.
When preparing for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, it is difficult to avoid the fourth trap: numerous textbooks and manuals... Some of them, unfortunately, are not always conscientious and can do a disservice. It is best to take two basic textbooks as a basis - Kravchenko and Bogolyubov, which are used in most schools. However, it should be borne in mind that schools can use textbooks of different years, and FIPI relies on the latest editions in its development of the Unified State Exam.
The fifth trap of the exam - not enough hours, which is assigned to this subject at school. This is primarily due to the paradoxes of the development of Russian education. As it improves, the Unified State Exam in social studies becomes more complicated, and at this time at school, there is a departure from the profile study of this subject. And this is despite the fact that it is in demand in more than 30% of humanitarian universities. Today social studies in the school curriculum exist only as a basic subject, which is given only one hour a week.
How can you avoid the pitfalls and turn them into benefits in preparation?
Here are five specific tips from Maxim Sigal, head of the teaching department at the MAXIMUM training center for preparing for the exam, for eleventh graders:
"Do not underestimate this exam. Many students treat social studies as something very simple, where you can hardly prepare, and just give answers in logic - this is definitely wrong!"
First pitfall: when choosing this subject, objectively assess your knowledge. Treat social studies as an exact science.
Second trap: learn terminology and practice thinking logically. All types of assignments are described in the materials of the FIPI. Search for answers to questions, find out what exactly is required in this answer and how each answer is scored. In the extended tasks, specify how much you need to write to answer each question.
Third trap: learn to distinguish between the terminology of each of the five disciplines included in the exam in social studies. When answering, the first thing to do is determine the discipline that will have to be dealt with.
The fourth trap: be careful when choosing aids for preparing for the exam in social studies: a number of them use unused terminology and concepts. Consider the changes that have been made to the USE-2014 compared to 2013, namely:
- Complicated task B5. The total number of judgments given in the assignment condition increases from 4 to 5. It is necessary to distribute them into three, instead of the previous two, groups of judgments: facts, estimates, theoretical statements. It is very easy to get confused here in evaluations and theoretical statements. It should be remembered that theory is learned knowledge, and judgment is one's own opinion.
- The topics proposed for writing essays are grouped into five blocks instead of the previous six. Topics disclosed taking into account the provisions of sociology and social psychology are now included in one general direction. This makes it easier to write an assignment on this topic, since the line between the terminology of these two disciplines is not always distinguishable.
- You can get a maximum of 5 points for an essay. It is important to remember here that if the meaning of the statement is not revealed, then the work is simply not checked. Additional points are awarded for theoretical reasoning, and the highest - for factual reasoning.
Fifth trap: the insufficient number of hours can be compensated for with only one thing - additional preparation for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies at the correctly and timely chosen courses.
Many parents will be horrified after reading this material. It is so difficult and takes time and diligence to prepare! But is it worth it to be scared, because we all want to teach our children the ability to independently reason and think logically. Often accusations are made against the Unified State Exam: this exam format, they say, "fools" children, forcing teachers, instead of transferring knowledge, to engage in "coaching" for the exam. We don't like that, do we? So we should be glad that with the Unified State Exam in social studies, the opposite is true - in the process of preparing for it, children learn to think and use the knowledge they have acquired. Is this not what most parents aspire to?
Discussion
If the state textbooks of Bogolyubov and Kravchenko are bad, then tests based on these textbooks will also always be bad. This is the main problem when passing the exam in social studies. The only way out is to change basic textbooks, change social science standards and change tests. I advise you to use my textbook - Valery Starikov "Interesting Social Studies" for teaching, which is published on the Russian and English-language Wikipedia:
[link-1]
Useless information, lots of water, thanks for your time
21.11.2017 18:08:06, [email protected]03/22/2016 10:47:59 PM, Ashati
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Hello to all site readers! And in this post we will talk about how to most productively prepare for the USE in social studies. Today I will tell you how best to prepare for the social studies exam and I will try to answer as accurately as possible all the questions you have during my story =) So do not be shy and write all your questions in the comments.
In general, social science includes 8 global sections of the social sciences: man, society, the spiritual sphere, cognition, the political sphere, the economic sphere, or simply the economy, social. relationship and your favorite right 🙂
In this discipline, it is clear that a huge amount of different material is involved. I don't really want to scare you, but in my opinion, in order to prepare for the USE in this subject, it is better to start preparing in two years ... solving tests in social studies and developing theory))
In general, the strategy of preparing for the Unified State Exam in social studies is absolutely not the same as in Russian history!
You just need to understand it! In social studies, all the topics of the course are grouped into subtopics. You need to understand that social science topics exist so abstract that applicants simply do not enter the logic of the material. And if you do not have standard background knowledge, then get ready to move part of your way in the dark.
Also, there is a sea of definitions and processes in society, between which you need to understand the tough connection! If you do not understand how social processes are interconnected, even from the same social and political spheres, if you are not guided by the concepts of the development of society, do not understand them ... then everything, natural tin awaits you!
Added to this is the fact that the USE tests require not only knowing and being able to navigate in the material studied, being able to solve simple problems: to understand processes, to be able to count income and expenses =) Look at the collection of test tasks and you will understand what I mean.
It will finish you off that some topics of society drop out of the school course: you simply do not have time to go through this material. In our beloved law, we are guided somehow, and the questions about the truth, from the section "spiritual sphere" - are just dumping tasks ...
What to do, you ask me? The answer is actually obvious, take a thick good discipline manual, a spreadsheet manual, and a ream of paper. You read the material from the book, then repeat on the tablets, solve the thematic test. We have already written about how to choose a manual for preparation.
Manual of the teacher of Moscow State University, Mikhail Marchenko "Social Studies"
GO TO MANUAL PAGE = >>
GO TO MANUAL PAGE = >>
I think that my recommendations will help you understand where you need to move in preparation for the exam in social studies. Subscribe to updates of our site site, so as not to miss the release of new material! Well, I say goodbye to you! See you soon in the next posts)
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The written part of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies always causes difficulties for graduates. It requires not only confident knowledge of theoretical material, but also the application of one's own knowledge, a broad outlook and understanding of social interactions. I propose to analyze the real tasks of part 2, which we met at the exam in 2016.
Part 2 of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies
Let us immediately highlight several blocks of "difficulties" associated with solving them on the exam:
- Lack of time (a significant amount of the written part, the need to write it out in a draft, and, then, carefully transfer the entries to a clean copy - answer forms 2);
- Insufficient knowledge of the theory of basic social science
- Inability to apply this knowledge in practice, giving examples from social practice and from one's own life;
- Insufficient understanding of how to correctly formulate an answer in a “favorable” light for oneself, which will be checked by a subjective person -
We also note that it is these tasks that will bring you about half of all possible points that you can get on the exam on the exam - 27 out of 62, according to the evaluation criteria in
Real tasks and answers of part 2 of the USE in social science 2016
I propose to see how the work of part 2 was performed by one of the graduates on the exam in 2016, and then analyze it. First, let's look at the completed answer forms 2:
Now let's look at the texts of the assignments and the markup received by the graduate for completing the assignments of part 2:
Text (tasks 21-24)
Guarantees of legality and law and order
In a state governed by the rule of law, there is a whole system of guarantees of law and order. The guarantees of law and order are understood as such conditions of public life and special measures. adopted by the state, which ensure a strong rule of law and the stability of the rule of law in society. There are material, political, legal and moral guarantees of legality and law and order.
Material guarantees include such an economic structure of society, within which an equivalent relationship is established between producers and consumers of material goods. Equivalent market relations create a real material basis for the normal functioning of civil society. In these conditions, any subject of law becomes economically free and independent. Supported and protected by law, it fully realizes its capabilities in the field of material production, which is the most important guarantee of law and order in society. A materially secured and socially protected individual, as a rule, conforms his behavior to the law, since his interests are guaranteed by the rule of law and are objectively embodied in the rule of law.
Political guarantees of legality and law and order are all elements of the political system of society that support and reproduce social life on the basis of legal laws that reflect the objective laws of social development. The state, its organs, various public associations and private organizations, labor collectives, that is, all links of the modern political system of society, in the interests of their life support, in every possible way support the necessary regime of legality and the stability of law and order. Those political organizations or individual politicians who oppose themselves to the order established by law are deprived of state protection.
Legal guarantees include the activities of state bodies and institutions, specifically aimed at preventing and suppressing violations of law and order. It is carried out by the legislative, executive and judicial bodies of state power. The main directions of the fight against offenses are formed by the legislative bodies, issuing the corresponding normative legal acts providing for legal liability for illegal actions. The direct work on the prevention and suppression of offenses is carried out by state law enforcement agencies. In the presence of sufficiently strong economic and political guarantees, the law enforcement activity of the state effectively ensures the optimal regime of legality and the stability of the rule of law.
The moral guarantees of legality and law and order are a favorable moral and psychological environment in which the legal rights and obligations of participants in legal relations are realized; the level of their spirituality and culture; sensitivity and attention of state bodies and officials to a person, his interests and needs. All parts of the political system of society, including charitable organizations, institutions of culture and art, schools, higher educational institutions, and the church, are involved in creating a healthy moral environment in the sphere of legal regulation. A morally healthy society is a society that functions on the basis of laws, in conditions of a stable rule of law.
Law and order in society are ensured by the entire system of guarantees that organically interact with each other, mutually condition and complement each other.
- 2 points out of 2 possible.
- 2 points out of 2 possible.
What system, according to the author, is the basis for the normal economic development of society? How does the text explain that economic actors are interested in ensuring law and order? Illustrate this interest with an example.
- 1 point out of 3 possible.
What kind branch examples
- 1 point out of 3 possible.
- 2 points out of 3possible.
What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"?
Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences:
one sentence containing information on the types of social groups, and one sentence containing information on any of the functions of social groups.
- 3 points out of 3 possible.
Name and illustrate with (specific) examples three types imperfect competition.
- 3 points out of 3possible.
A young man aged 16 is hired on the following conditions: without a medical examination, working day from 16 to 23 hours, leave only after 6 months of work, and besides this, the payment is hourly. It is necessary to find the violations committed by the employer and explain them.
- 3 points out of 3 possible.
Plan by topic "Activity as a form of human interaction with the outside world."
29.3 3 points out of 5: 1(1) 1(2) 1(2)
"True patriotism as a private manifestation of love for humanity does not coexist with hostility towards individual peoples" (N.A. Dobrolyubov).
Analysis of the fulfillment of tasks of part 2
We will not comment on and dwell in detail on those tasks where the maximum possible points were given. In the form of a joint analysis of the graduate and the examiner of the Unified State Examination Kotsar Evgeny Sergeevich, we will analyze those moments for which the graduate could not receive the maximum score:
23. 1 point out of 3
What kind branch Do you know from your social studies course? Name them and bring them examples their activities to ensure law and order.
Graduate Comments:
- the condition did not say that the examples should be specific.
In addition, the Guidelines for Social Science Experts on page 18 says:
« Examples there may be facts of the past and present, gleaned from the personal social experience of graduates or received public recognition; real events, examples from art and simulated situations... In the answers varying degrees of specification are allowed , and in this regard, some examinees can follow the path of more and more clarification of the initial position itself, highlighting its sides, aspects, forms of manifestation, etc.; others may give preference to particular facts that embody traits (characteristics) of the common. "
- I suspect that they gave only one point out of three for the fact that only the third example seemed concrete to them, and the first two were considered for the fact that in the criteria from the Demo version it is called "General reasoning is given."
Let's say the second example really looks like "general reasoning". But why is the 1st example bad? In fact, it says about the development of a bill regulating the sphere of economic relations, and indicates the essence of this bill.
- Perhaps they would like to see in each example a link to some state. organ, i.e. so that in each example the subject of this activity is indicated. For example, in the 3rd I said about the court, but in the first two there is no such subject. But as far as I remember, the condition did not say anything about the authorities - it was necessary to write about branches authorities. If, after all, there was still not about branches, but about something more specific, then, probably, they removed fairly
Still, I think you can try to appeal 1 point for the first example.
Expert comment:
The second argument will definitely not be counted, "Implementation of measures ... (? What ???)"
I agree that the third example was most likely counted (more specific), but also that it is possible to fight for the 1st (the wording of the task did not provide for concretization, the functions of the legislative branch were not distorted). You are absolutely correct in citing an excerpt from the Methodological Recommendations.
- 1 point out of 3
Using social science knowledge, give three explanations that the rule of law and stable rule of law contributes to the normal functioning of society.
Graduate comment:
In this case, I don't understand at all why there is only one point out of three. If you look at the answer to task 24 from then some specifics are not required there. Unless, perhaps, my writing is more detailed and more difficult to understand from the first reading. In addition, various terms from the course are quite actively used.
A point of 1 implies that the experts accepted only one explanation out of three. But in my opinion, here all three explanations are actually the same in nature. That is, if we assume that there is some flaw in one of the explanations, then the same flaw should be in the others. In this case, it was necessary to put either 0 or all 3 points here. But I do not see any problems in the explanation here, so I tend more towards 3 points.
The Unified State Exam in Social Studies consists of two parts, which in total contain 29 tasks.
First part contains 20 tasks with a short answer.
The answer to the tasks of the first part is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word or phrase or a sequence of numbers, written without spaces and separating symbols.
Tasks 1-3 - conceptual tasks of the basic level - are aimed at testing knowledge and understanding of the biosocial essence of a person, the main stages and factors of personality socialization, patterns and trends in the development of society, basic social institutions and processes.
Tasks 4-19 of the basic and advanced levels are aimed at checking the formation of skills:
- characterize from a scientific standpoint, the main social objects (facts, phenomena, processes, institutions), their place and significance in the life of society as an integral system
- search social information presented in various sign systems (text, diagram, table, diagram)
- apply socio-economic and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive tasks on topical social problems
The tasks in this group represent the traditional five thematic modules of the social science course:
- people and society, including knowledge and spiritual culture (tasks 4-6)
- economics (tasks 7-10)
- social relations (tasks 11, 12)
- politics (tasks 13-15)
- law (tasks 16-19)
Second part contains 9 tasks with a detailed answer.
In the tasks of the second part, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in an expanded form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with the highest level of social science training.
The tasks of the second part (21–29) together represent the basic social sciences that form the social science course in secondary school (social philosophy, economics, sociology, political science, social psychology, and jurisprudence.
Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination work
| Parts of work | Number of tasks | Maximum primary score | Job type |
| 1 part | 20 | 35 | Short answer |
| Part 2 | 9 | 27 | Detailed response |
| Total | 19 | 62 |
Time
The examination work is assigned 3 hours 55 minutes.
Recommended time to complete various tasks:
- for each of tasks 1–3, 10: 1–4 minutes
- for each of tasks 4-9, 11-28: 2-8 minutes
- for task 29: 45 minutes
