Garden ramson is a plant that has long been loved in many regions of our country. It grows naturally in the Far East, Europe, and the Caucasus. The first shoots appear in early spring. It was at this time that spice lovers rush to the markets for the wild garlic plant and buy wild onions with pleasure. This is another name for this wonderful plant, which belongs to the genus Onion and can grow in one of two types: victory onion and bear onion. Despite the fact that in the wild it can be found in forests, on the banks of rivers, any keen gardener can grow wild garlic in his country house.
Features and types of plants
The culture belongs to the group of ephemeroids. This is the name of the species that, being perennials, develop their terrestrial part in the summer. Leaves die off closer to autumn, in March they are full of vitamins. Over time, the leaf becomes more and more coarse, so the use of leaves for food is possible only until the time when flowering begins.
When the flowering of wild garlic ends, seeds begin to crumble from it. They are destined to germinate only next year. You can save the seeds of wild garlic, and then in the spring it will be possible to grow plants on the balcony. If they have time to develop well, then with the onset of warmth they can be planted in the garden.
With its taste, wild garlic is more reminiscent of garlic. As soon as spring comes in the forest, its leaves appear. They are very similar to a lily of the valley, but only until the moment the arrow appears, which is very similar to an umbrella. To find out how wild garlic blooms, you can go to the forest in the spring and try to find a plant very similar to a lily of the valley, but with a large arrow.
The fruits of wild garlic are very similar to small triangular capsules, in which black rounded seeds ripen. The bulbous roots of the culture are white. The average plant height is around 40-50 centimeters.
Growing wild garlic - bear onion - gardeners resort to deliberately. The fact is that the leaves of this plant are very beneficial for health. The high content of vitamins and stimulation of the digestive tract are the main advantages for which the culture is highly valued.
In the wild, two types of culture breed:
- bear onion;
- victory bow.
All parts are eaten: leaves, roots, stems. The methods of application can be different: fresh in salads, and dried, pickled and infused for other needs.
Bear onion
This species is very compact, its height can reach only 0.2-0.5 meters. Gives 2-3 sheets, each width is no more than 5 centimeters. Their appearance can be observed already in March or April, when the snow has completely melted, and the soil has warmed up well. Wild garlic grows until June-July, after which the leaves begin to die off. A large number of plants can grow in a small area at the same time.
At present, the growth of wild garlic is complicated by such factors as deforestation, uncontrolled collection, and environmental degradation. For these reasons, the culture is included in the Red Book. This makes growing even more fun.
Victory bow
A plant whose height can reach 0.7 meters. When blooming, an umbrella forms with pale green flowers. Blooming in May or early June, this wild garlic can ripen until September (depending on the climate in which it is grown).
Victory onion grows well on acidic soils, and its frost resistance is much higher than the cold resistance of bear onion. From the point of view of external differences, in addition to the height of the stem, an enlarged bulb, a denser peduncle should be noted. The vegetative period of this type of wild garlic lasts until the end of summer. Due to the depletion of cultural reserves, it has become a rarity and is listed in the Red Book.
Beneficial features
Growing in a vegetable garden is a great pleasure for gardeners who look after their health. All parts of the plant used for medicinal purposes can be used for food:
Cultivation brings many benefits, because its composition is rich in essential oils, which, when eaten with the plant, have an anti-inflammatory effect and contribute to the elimination of toxins from the body.
How to grow wild garlic
Planting wild garlic can be done in two ways: by seeds and by planting bulbs. Each cultivation method has its advantages and disadvantages, however, most summer residents use seeds to grow crops. It is also worth noting that when planting wild garlic in the open field, only one ovary will grow from one shoot. For this reason, gardeners prefer the seed growing method.
Growing wild garlic from seeds
Growing wild garlic by means of seeds occurs in several stages:
- Limitation of the sowing area. This is necessary so that wild garlic seeds are not lost at the time of germination among the grass.
- Site preparation. This step should not be skipped if there is groundwater nearby. On the garden bed, it is necessary to arrange a drainage system of crushed stone or broken brick. You also need to weed out and dig up the ground.
- Fertilization. Before the onset of frost, organic is the best option.
- In September, you can start planting. Seeds are spread in small grooves, the distance between which does not exceed 20 centimeters. The recommended density that must be maintained at this point is 10 grams of seeds per square meter of soil. From above, the seeds are sprinkled with earth or peat.
- Water the planting with a watering can.
You can plant seeds in the spring. For this method of growing, they must first be hardened by placing them in wet sand, the temperature of which is from -1 to -3 ° C. The first shoots must be weeded thoroughly and the soil under them must be regularly moistened. After a year or two, when the seedlings become strong, they can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Planting bulbs
Wild garlic bulbs as planting material for gardeners who know how to grow wild garlic are not very relevant. The yield with this method of planting is not very high, however, in some cases, this method is still resorted to. Features of growing by planting bulbs are as follows:
- it is best to plant the bulbs in early autumn or mid-spring;
- the site should be prepared in the same way as for growing seeds;
- for each onion, a deepening is made into the soil with a distance between the specimens of at least 15 centimeters. After planting, sprinkle the bulb with peat.
If you plant the wild garlic correctly, then it will take root, and the first harvest can be obtained in three years. Knowing how to plant wild garlic, the gardener will get an excellent result of his work.
Growing wild garlic requires a lot of patience. Annual and biennial sprouts are very small, and even in an adult state, the cultivated plant is not very large. Growing in one place, one bush can yield no more than 7 years.
In the process of growing, you should adhere to some simple rules:
- frequent watering;
- regular loosening;
- cleanliness of the soil;
- weed control;
- regular feeding.
It is important that during the first two years, most of these measures are not urgently needed. In an adult state, the plant becomes a little more demanding to care and reacts sensitively to watering and feeding.
Ramson belongs to the herbaceous perennial plants of the onion family. Two types of culture are widespread and popular: victory bow and bear. Under natural conditions, wild garlic grows in the Far East, the Caucasus and Siberia.
Bear onion is a small bush from 20 to 50 cm in height, growing in clearings in mixed and deciduous forests.
The victorious onion grows up to 70 cm tall, has an umbellate inflorescence with pale green flowers. It is also called Siberian wild garlic. It is more frost-hardy than bearish.
Ramson blooms
Leaves of wild garlic are similar to lily of the valley: the same wide and green. But the plant does not throw out bells, but a peduncle of an arrow with a spherical inflorescence, consisting of many small white flowers.
- Well moistened soil;
- Soil with enough calcium;
- Place in shade or with little shade;
- Mulching plantings.
Important! In the northern regions (for example, Novosibirsk or the Urals), Pobedny or Kolba onions are chosen for cultivation. Any variety grows in the Moscow region.
How to grow ramsons
Wild onions are not picky about care and the question of how to grow wild garlic in the country is not difficult. The garden bed can be set up in the shade of fruit trees or bushes, near sheds and fences. If there is no such place, an area in the sun is also suitable, but in this case the plant will have to be watered more often. But in this case, onions will also grow faster, and more seeds will be tied. The onion loves water, but does not tolerate excess moisture, therefore, drainage is arranged for it in low flooded places. Sour earth does not suit him, it needs to be lime. When the leaves of wild garlic dry up, watering is reduced.
Wild garlic flowers
Wild onions can be grown in one place for many years, while they gradually rise from the ground. In spring or autumn, a small layer of humus is poured onto the garden bed. He will replace top dressing and sprinkle the plants with the required soil depth. Planting of seedlings and wild garlic seeds is carried out in autumn and spring.
How wild garlic reproduces
There are three ways to propagate wild onions:
- Seeds;
- Bulbs;
- By dividing the bush.
Reproduction in a vegetative way is most effective. Planted bulbs must be succulent, rooted and undamaged. A distance of 20 cm is left between the holes for planting, the bulbs are buried in the ground by 2-3 cm, the beds are mulched with fallen leaves of trees (but not fruit trees). Mulch will keep moisture in the soil for a long time. For reproduction, the bushes carefully, so as not to damage the roots, dig up and separate the bulbs. They need to be planted separately. You can repot the bulbs in October.
Buying bulbs for planting is difficult. But if they can be found, they check the quality of the planting material and roots. They shouldn't be dry. Wild garlic onions react painfully to lack of moisture.
If they collect seeds from their own plants, take into account that wild garlic seeds ripen not at the same time, therefore, they periodically plant and shake the plants so that the ripe seeds fall into the prepared container. When sowing seeds, they are not buried in the ground, but scattered over the surface and mulched from above with a small layer of soil.
Ramson growing from seeds
It is difficult to propagate bear onions by seeds, therefore the method is rarely used. But if it was not possible to get the bulbs, you will have to adopt it. For a wild garlic plant, how to grow from seeds is a serious question. The fact is that if the seeds are not very fresh or were stored incorrectly, they may not sprout. In nature, seeds ripened in mid-summer fall off and remain dormant in the ground throughout the winter. Stratification is underway. Only in the spring do they begin to sprout. Therefore, at home, you need to buy and sow seeds in the summer in order to wait for the sprouts in early spring. How to plant wild garlic if the seeds were bought in late autumn or early winter? They are placed in the refrigerator for three months to stratify. In early spring, after the snow melts, they are planted, and then in May-June you can wait for the shoots.
Ramson growing
It is very convenient to sow seeds in a box or pot and bury it on the site in the ground in partial shade. This will allow you not to lose the planting site, and it will be easier to get rid of weeds. Drainage must be placed in the pot and filled with fertile soil. You can soak the seeds in a growth promoter before sowing or germinate them.
The sowing container must be deep (young plants will have to grow here for two years). Seedlings are regularly watered and only after two years can they be transplanted to a permanent place. It will be possible to cut off the leaves during seed propagation only after 5 years.
If the seeds have not sprouted, there may be several reasons:
- Loss of germination due to long storage;
- Failure to comply with sowing rules;
- Rain or melt water washout.
Seed propagation has the advantage that many plants are produced at once. The disadvantage is that it is troublesome and long to wait for the harvest.
Growing seedlings
Summer residents often ask: when and how to plant wild garlic in order to get a harvest faster. When planting wild garlic bulbs, the most favorable time is autumn. The necessary conditions are created for seedlings:
- Place in the shade: near fences, outbuildings, fruit trees on the north or east side. Fragrant wild garlic will attract pollinating insects and increase the yield of berries and fruits;
- Planting wild garlic in the beds between vegetable crops is not prohibited, only in this case it will have to be watered more. But she will save tomatoes from late blight and scare off pests;
- Avoid places with stagnant water, and drainage from pebbles, gravel and sand in a flooded area;
- The soil should be loose and breathable, so peat, compost or humus is added to the garden bed. This will give the plants additional nutrition, and there will be no need for feeding;
- In the fall, the garden bed is mulched, and in the spring it needs to be opened, removing the mulch. Spring with light frosts is not terrible for wild onions;
- Flowers on young seedlings are removed so that they do not deprive the plant of strength and take away excess nutrition;
- Only in the fourth year can you begin to harvest.
The soil in the garden bed is dug under the wild onion, the rhizomes of the weeds are selected, and humus is added.
For planting seedlings, holes are made with a distance of 20 cm, and between the rows - 40 cm. The roots are straightened at the bulb, deepened by 2/3 and covered with earth. The plantings are watered and mulched with compost, and on top - with fallen leaves.
Seedling of wild garlic
In the future, it is not difficult to care for the plants: you need to regularly water and weed the weeds. Loosening is not carried out in order to avoid damage to the root system, but the condition of the mulch is monitored, keeping the soil loose and moist.
If you plant wild garlic in the shade of trees and shrubs, almost no care is required, since conditions close to natural conditions are created for it.
Ramson planting and care
It is not difficult to take care of wild garlic. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is moderately moist, and when it dries up, water the beds. From July to September, wild garlic rests; at this time, watering is reduced.
Mulching procedure is required. Without this, the wild onion will not grow. In the fall, mulch is poured onto the beds, and in the spring it is harvested.
The frosty winter does not frighten the wild garlic, but in the warmth it grows better. A hot summer can be disastrous for her.
Top dressing replaces humus and compost. In autumn and spring, you can feed the plants with ammonium nitrate and superphosphate. For the introduction of phosphorus and potassium, the appeared arrows give a signal. These fertilizers will help the seeds ripen better and the bulbs will form.
On a note. Weeds are not allowed to grow on the garden bed, harvesting on time, but loosen the soil around the wild garlic carefully.
Harvesting
Ramson grows very slowly. Only one replacement bulb is produced per year (maximum two). Harvesting correctly means not harvesting all the greens. One or two remaining leaves will help the plant recover faster. A large amount of planting material will allow you to make several beds. In this case, the wild garlic is harvested only from one garden bed, and on the second, the wild onion is given time to recover and gain strength. After 5 years, the plants need to be planted.
Harvest of wild garlic
In spring (April-May) leaves and arrows of wild garlic are cut for salads. You can dig up and pickle the onions or eat them fresh. There are several ways to preserve wild garlic for the winter:
Benefit
Ramson has been used for medicinal purposes for a long time:
- It increases appetite, helps the digestive tract, relieves gastritis and colitis;
- Wild onions are recommended to be included in the diet with an increase in blood pressure, diseases of the thyroid gland, blood vessels, respiratory organs, heart diseases, oncology, obesity and scurvy;
- Ramson has a diaphoretic and diuretic effect, works as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, strengthens the immune system;
- Bear onions cleanse the body of toxins and toxins.
The unpretentious plant of wild garlic is well deserved to be grown in the country. She will like the house in the winter, as the wild onion does not intimidate a window sill with a lack of lighting, and it does not need a backlight. Home conditions are fine for him. If you do not find wild onion seeds in your city, you can order them on the website of companies that send seedlings and seeds. The post office works well these days, and the order will be delivered quickly.
Ramson- an early spring plant, which has in its composition a lot of all kinds of useful substances, especially vitamin C - here it is a record holder, and a kind of garlic taste. The purpose of this article is purely technical - to talk about the technique of growing wild garlic in culture. Natural reserves of wild garlic are rapidly declining, so this issue is relevant today.
Ramson in three types - victory onion, bear onion and Okhotsk onion - grows from Kamchatka to Kaliningrad, in many cities in early spring, wild garlic is sold at seasonal markets. Recently, an increasing number of people have dreamed of growing this plant at their dacha. It is easy to find information on the properties of this onion, its description on the Internet, but it is very difficult to find sufficiently complete information about growing in culture. Therefore, very often on the forums you can find messages that begin something like this: ... for several years I have been trying to grow wild garlic in my area ... ", this is how most letters begin with a request to sell wild garlic bulbs from my clients. This article is a presentation of the experience of a person who has been growing wild garlic for 20 years (and in winter too), that is, mine. So, let's begin.
What is important to know in order to start the cultivation of wild garlic plantation correctly?
Ramson - early spring, shade-loving a plant related to onions, we will talk about the victorious onion (allium victorialis). The plant has a skew-ascending rhizome, to which, through roots with 2-3 bottoms and roots extending from them, from 1 to 5 bulbs with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm are attached, located on the upper bottom and "dressed" in a fine-mesh shell formed from the remnants of last year's leaves of the plant ... The bulb is 2/3 above the soil surface, some of the roots go up to 30 cm deep, the other is located on the surface directly under the fallen leaves of the trees. When dividing, new bulbs grow on one bottom for the first year, therefore they can be divided only for the second year, and better on the third, when the bulbs disperse and each will have its own root system.
The wild garlic bulb is actually a "pseudo-bulb" because the supply of nutrients and water is contained in the roots and rhizome. In the fall, the bulb itself contains 2 superficial pseudo-leaves, 2-3 true leaves, a bud of a replacement bulb, which will grow in a year and a half, and a peduncle (not all plants). In plants after 5 years, there may also be a division bud.
Each year, the bulb rises up to 0.5 cm per year... Root formation in wild garlic begins during the growth of the flower arrow, that is, in June and continues until frost. It blooms in June - July, in inflorescences up to 120 flowers, the seeds ripen unevenly from top to bottom, when the lower seeds begin to ripen, the upper ones may already crumble... Ramson grows well in humid places, but without constant flooding, spring flooding is not terrible. The soil is better neutral or slightly acidic. It grows in any soil - both sand and clay.
After the seeds ripen in July, the aboveground part of the plant dies off, leaving only a "stump" from the previous plant with a supply of water and nutrients, inside which is a small new bulb. At this time, it is necessary to destroy weeds on the wild garlic plantation. One of the main enemies of wild garlic is nettle. The overgrown weed is capable of crushing the entire plantation in one season. In September - October, the new bulb completely replaces the old one - this is the best time to transplant, although transplanting can be done throughout the summer.
Can you plant in the sun? Can. And to start breeding, I would even say it is necessary. If you plant wild garlic in a sunny place, it will also grow well, it will share more often, the seed productivity of plants will be much higher. Yes, you will need to plant more often, water more often and fight weeds more often, but you will have a lot of planting material to expand the plantation. An excellent planting site at the edge of the greenhouse. There is a lot of water and sun, the wild garlic is large, juicy and gives a lot of seeds.
A more complete description of the biology and ecology of wild garlic can be found in the book of Dneprovsky Yu.M. , Cheremushkina V.A. and others. "Rhizome bows of northern Asia"
You can read about the cultivation of wild garlic in the Non-Chernozem Region in the dissertation "Agrobiological features of victorious onions (Allium victorialis L.) and bear onions (Allium ursinum L.) in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation", it is available on the Internet. Only I beg you, do not fill the wild garlic with chemistry to increase the mass of the plant, as the author of the dissertation urges, wild garlic is growing so well. Don't spoil the last clean product.
How best to plant wild garlic seeds
Ramson - Victory onion (allium victorialis) belongs to rhizome onions. Victory onion seeds can be planted immediately after ripening. They do not have a dormant period. Laboratory germination (growing in Petri dishes) at this time is 98.5%. But this is when calibrating the daily temperature of 19-20 C 0. At t = 10-20 C 0 the germination rate drops to 75%, and with daily fluctuations t = 1-20 C 0 the germination rate is not higher than 7%. If it was not possible to plant seeds immediately after ripening, you need to store them at room temperature in a paper box or bag - i.e. dry storage. Dry room storage of seeds for the first year reduces the germination rate slightly, after another year the germination rate will decrease by 25%. Swollen dry seeds cannot be stored for a long time at high temperatures - the seeds rot. At the same time, at low 1-5 C 0 swollen seeds are stored for many months.
Important: Stratification of wild garlic is not needed.
These are all laboratory tests. The germination rate in the field is, of course, lower. With underground sowing in the fall, the seeds will sprout in 17-18 months, with underground spring sowing, the seeds will sprout in 12 months.
To speed up germination, you need to use a hybrid method: home germination at an optimal temperature and then moving to the growing area.
For example, lay them out on the surface of damp, tamped soil in a box and keep them moist, first covering them with some porous dry material so that you have something to breathe, you can use leaves, cover the box with glass on top, or put it in a plastic bag. Put it all in a place with a more or less stable temperature, close to 20 C 0 After 3-4 weeks, the seeds will begin to germinate. To accelerate seedling for 1-2 weeks, you can hold the seeds for several hours in an epin solution before planting - it helps, I tried it.
Sprouted seeds can be planted by laying them on the surface of the soil and covering them with leaves with a little or a thin layer of humus. The plant of the first year has a root up to 5 cm, so that it will take root by itself, but it grows from the ground for a long time - the embryo is too weak. And it is better to leave the first-year ones to winter in a box, so as not to look out on the ground in the spring, and after the second season they can be transplanted to the right place.
And where is it, is this the right place? The most "useless" places of your summer cottage can be allocated for wild garlic - the northern side of the fence or structure, a damp lowland, a place near the watering tap and very, very well along the greenhouse. It can be planted under a tree or shrub - it will not be necessary to sprinkle the earth sometimes (we remember that the wild garlic bulb rises every year, right?), Just do not remove the foliage in the fall. 
The plant of the first year is a 1 mm thick bulb with one leaf up to 10 cm high. It will grow to the "edible" size of wild garlic in 3 years, during this time you will plant two more of the same plantations - this is necessary, since the plant cut in early spring will recover not earlier than in a year and then provided that the uncut part is enough for the setting and development of a replacement bulb. Therefore, the later you cut the plant, the more likely it is to recover, but the sooner you cut it, the tastier it is - the flowering plant becomes rough. Look for a middle ground, or grow in the winter at home on the window - homemade wild garlic is never tough, and the leaf is always juicy and tasty.
When buying seeds in a store, look at the date of packaging - the period is not more than a year, maybe they will grow then, although there are no such lucky ones. There are two reasons for this: 1. no one knows the manufacturer, they bring it from Holland, then the trace is lost, 2. the package shows the way of landing "from the bulldozer."
The easiest way to grow a plantation is to plant seeds in the forest, there is a small post about this on the main page of the site and on the product page "wild garlic seeds for growing plantation"
What is the best way to plant wild garlic onions
The best time for transplanting is autumn, the new root system has already matured, the replacement bulb is completing its formation. Transplant bulbs must have a ready-made root system.... Necessarily. If the roots are dry, the probability of survival is close to zero, roots do not grow in spring... We plant the bulb so that 2/3 is in the ground, carefully add the roots and spill it abundantly so that there are no voids left. In the spring, before flowering, we often water it, periodically it is possible with fertilization, I use humic - this is an extract from peat.
In the first year after transplanting, the plant will only grow to half of its normal size due to the unavailability of the root system. Whether the bulb has taken root can only be judged in autumn - a new replacement bulb should form in September-October. When choosing a planting density, you need to remember that the horizontal roots of wild garlic grow up to 20 cm, this does not mean that you need to plant the bulbs strictly one at a time. When there are up to 20 bulbs in a curtain, they do not need to be planted, they do not crush each other, and the distance between curtains should be 40-50 cm. (Curtain is a group of bulbs formed as a result of division)
After the ground part of the plant dies off in July, you can stop watering altogether. If the wild garlic was planted in an open place, do not forget to add a little earth, humus or leaves. As a rule, every tenth plant blooms, producing up to 120 seeds. Therefore, by planting 100 plants, you will provide yourself with seeds for the plantation, which you can not only look at, but also pamper yourself with a spring vitamin salad, and more than once. If, of course, you love this business, and if you don’t, then why plant, right? Although, maybe you are an esthete and blurt out an alpine slide in the vast expanses of a country villa? For those who are in a salad - wild garlic responds well to watering and humus with an increase in vegetative mass and sugars, and vitamin "C" is not measured there anyway.
Do you want to grow wild garlic at home in winter? You can see about the cultivation
If you did not find the answer to some question on planting wild garlic in this article, you can ask it -.
If you need help with planting material -.
Svetlichny Alexander Mikhailovich.
Now is the time to start preparing for growing wild garlic at home. Growing wild garlic in a pot is not as easy as cultivated varieties of garlic. Native to the "lily of the valley with the aroma of garlic" is considered to be the North American mountain slopes, shady and damp litter of deciduous forests. The wild garlic appears in the spring as one of the first plants, covering whole carpets of greens smelling of garlic.
They began to cultivate wild garlic not so long ago. In Western restaurants, demand for it increased and the collection of wild garlic in the forest began to threaten this species of plant. Now being researched at universities, agrobiologists are working on practical methods for growing wild garlic under controlled conditions. I do not have the opportunity to collect it in the forest, so next season I will try to grow some wild garlic at home.
Wild garlic growth cycle
Ramson grows under the canopy of beech, birch, maple, poplar, oak and linden forests. The plant likes among nettle, Potentilla, ginseng.
Seeds germinate in March and early April in cool, shaded places with high humidity, abundantly rotting foliage and organic-rich soil. As the temperature rises, wild garlic sheds a leaf and by June throws out a stem with a flower. The seeds ripen by September. Unfortunately, such conditions cannot be created in the garden on the windowsill.
How to grow wild garlic at home
If it is difficult to grow wild garlic in the garden, but it is possible, then performing this feat in a pot on the windowsill is a real challenge. Ramson needs a shaded place, under fruit trees in a garden setting. And how to create similar conditions for her at home?
It is much easier to grow wild garlic from bulbs than from seeds, but I don’t know where I can get these bulbs. We are not looking for easy ways, we will grow wild garlic from seeds.
Stratification of wild garlic seeds
Wild garlic seeds require mandatory stratification at temperatures up to 0 ° + 3 ° C, for at least three months. Seeds should be no older than last year's - they deteriorate very quickly. Since the seeds lie for a long time, they need to be stratified in wet sand. Perhaps a glazed loggia is also suitable, on which the temperature does not drop below zero.
Soil preparation
A forest land with a rotten leaf would be ideal. Garden soil under a pear or apple is also suitable. The main condition is a lot of humus, organic matter, the soil must breathe and be well moistened. If there is no way to bring land from the forest, then the purchased soil must be flavored with organic fertilizer or compost. Prepare a dead leaf for mulching or any organic mulch - bark, larger sawdust, wood chips. Do not take coniferous waste, only fruit or deciduous.
Sowing wild garlic
After stratification, we sow the seeds, preferably in containers or spacious deep pots. In the first year we will try to grow the bulbs for the next season. The land must be moist. We fill the container by two-thirds, distribute the seeds over the surface in 10 cm increments, sprinkle with a thin layer of soil and moisten from a spray bottle. We mulch, cover with foil, but with holes for air access. We hide in a dark cool place. In a couple of weeks, we are looking for a warmer place, but without access to sunlight. As soon as shoots appear, place containers with wild garlic under the windowsill away from direct rays.
After two seasons, the roots of the bulb will drop to 20 cm, this must be taken into account when choosing a container for planting wild garlic.
Watering
The soil for wild garlic should always be moist. I prefer to use a spray gun for such specific plants, moisture lovers, during the day, I try not to flood, but also not to leave the surface dry.
Harvesting
The first season of wild garlic will serve you as an ornamental plant, we will start cutting the greens only the next year, it is recommended to even endure 2 years with the harvest.
When harvesting, try to cut a leaf from the bush so that the wild garlic bulb can receive nutrition and grow stronger, because the plant is perennial and the harvest for the next season will depend on the bulb.
Wintering
As soon as the wild garlic has faded (this does not always happen in the first year), and all the leaves have come off, you can pack the container in perforated film and put it in a dark, cool place. A container with wild garlic bulbs should not freeze and the earth should dry out.
Reproduction
After 2-3 years, the wild garlic bulbs can be dug up and the bushy plants can be divided. If flowering at home is successful, you can harvest your seeds for further propagation.
Ramson or wild onion is a very useful perennial plant that is valued for its large amount of vitamins and nutrients. Ramson and its cultivation from seeds are of interest to all supporters of a healthy lifestyle, because eating leaves, bulbs, shooters has a positive effect on the work of the digestive and endocrine systems. Tips for growing wild garlic at home can be found in the article.
Ramson or wild onion is a very useful perennial plant that is valued for its high amount of vitamins and nutrients
Ramson growing from seeds: when to plant?
According to the reviews of successful summer residents, it is not difficult to grow wild garlic in the country, the main thing is to create natural conditions for the plant in which it usually grows. Wild onions can be found in nature in Altai, Siberia and the Far East. It grows in areas of light shade. Ramson loves moisture and calcium soils. Knowing these features, the summer resident will receive a large amount of fresh herbs.
Wild garlic seeds sprout when planted in well-heated soil. When the air temperature reaches +18 degrees, it's time to start sowing. Summer residents recommend sowing wild garlic in late April - early May, or already at the end of summer - in August, September. In spring, wild onions take root well and produce excellent shoots. In order for wild garlic to delight the summer resident with juicy, delicate greens, it is important to create optimal growing conditions for the plant, namely:
- the area for planting wild onions should not be too sunny. The plant does not like to grow in the shade. Under the influence of sunlight, wild garlic leaves become hard and small. The penumbra is just the perfect place to plant seeds. For example, you can organize a bed in the back of the garden;
- wild garlic is a crop demanding watering. At the same time, do not overmoisten the soil, otherwise the roots will begin to rot. You can water wild garlic every day. However, the ground must be easily permeable. To do this, you can provide drainage or dig up a section of sand before planting;
- the soil for planting should be slightly acidic, loose. It is recommended to mix it with humus.
In order for wild garlic seeds to sprout well in spring, it is important to carry out a stratification procedure before planting. For this purpose, they are kept in the refrigerator for a month or more, in a vegetable store. In April - May, you can start sowing. Self-collected seeds germinate well.
Ramson: planting seeds at home
Ramson and its cultivation from seeds are of interest to all supporters of a healthy lifestyle, because eating leaves, bulbs, shooters has a positive effect on the work of the digestive and endocrine systems
After carrying out pre-planting seed preparation, choosing a planting site, you can start sowing the material. To do this, make grooves up to 5 cm deep on the site, where seeds are sown, previously mixed with sand. This makes it easier to control the crops. After the garden bed is moistened.
You can also grow wild garlic at home in a regular flower pot. A deep flowerpot is suitable, since the wild garlic bulb develops at a depth of about 20 cm. After stratification, the seeds are sown in a container with soil, sprinkled on them, moistened with a spray bottle. The container is covered with a transparent film and sent to a dark, cool place. After 2-3 weeks, it is recommended to place the seed pot in a warm, but not sunny place.
Wild onions grow well in moist soil. Watering is recommended daily using a spray bottle. It is recommended not to cut the leaves in the first year after planting wild garlic. Let the plant grow strong and grow well. In the fall, when the wild garlic has faded, it is sent for storage in a dark, cool place. However, from time to time, the plant should be taken out and moistened.
3 years after sowing the seeds, wild garlic bulbs will develop in the flowerpot, which can be used to propagate the plant. The ramson are carefully dug up, the bulbs are separated and planted in open ground or transplanted into other deep containers.
Growing wild garlic from seeds at home, video:
Ramson, growing from the seeds of which is described in the article, is troublesome, but very exciting. Wild onions bloom beautifully and are often grown as an ornamental plant. However, eating the bulbs and the aerial parts is very beneficial for health, because wild garlic is a storehouse of vitamins and microelements. Have you managed to grow wild garlic at home? We invite you to share your experience in the comments.
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The representative of the onion family - wild garlic - won the love of gardeners-summer residents with its spicy-aromatic properties. This is actually a wild plant, but it is also available for growing in a personal plot. The article will tell you how to plant this plant with seeds, as well as how to harvest it in your country house.
Growing wild garlic: two methods
There are several types of ramson. However, most often this word refers to the variety Bear onion, which can be found in bunches on market counters. This forest dweller looks like a lily of the valley, and it tastes like garlic. The bulbs of wild garlic are oblong, about 1 cm in length. The stem is three-edged, up to 40 cm high. In the forest, wild garlic protects itself from destruction: it grows in swamps or deaf often, fades before the start of haymaking. However, today the plant is still in the Red Book.
People appreciate wild garlic for its taste and medicinal properties, which is why there is a fashion for its cultivation on a personal plot. The process is simple. It is only necessary to take into account a few nuances. In dacha practice today, there are two ways to cultivate a bear onion:
- In shady gardens or in partial shade near outbuildings.
- In the beds next to vegetables and other plants.
Wild garlic bush
The task of the first option is to reproduce the natural environment of wild garlic growth: in the shade, dampness, lowland - places where only weeds usually grow. The plant needs almost no care and gives a vitamin harvest in early spring. Growing garden bear onions requires fertile, neutral soil. The bulbs will be at a depth of 7-15 cm - the ground should be loose, airy. In this case, the shadow is optional.
How to plant and grow wild garlic
The principle of growing wild garlic is similar to the cultivation of traditional perennial onions. It is possible to reproduce a plant when it reaches the age of 4 years. This is done by:
- seeds;
- bulbs.
The disadvantage of propagation with bulbs is that one shoot next year will replace only one plant. The bulbs take root in late summer - early autumn or mid-spring. The foliage is harvested after 3 years. If you intend to dig up the bulbs, break off the flower umbrella during the budding period, and then you will get larger tubers.
If you want to plant wild garlic with seeds, remember: after flowering (the plant throws out an umbrella of rounded white flowers), the fruit with the planting material will ripen in June-July. You can collect seeds in the forest, but, firstly, it is not easy to find the place where wild garlic grows, and secondly, it is illegal due to the fact that it is in the Red Book. Ideal seeds are those that have ripened, but have not yet crumbled.
Advice. Bear onion seed coat hardens quickly and must be germinated freshly harvested. Otherwise, they will lose germination. It is rational to buy them from mid-summer to autumn. Read the packing date carefully.
Seeds can be immediately planted in mulched soil - they will appear by September, or sow them before winter. You can also do this after stratification at t 0 ... -3 ° C for 80-100 days. The first year of wild garlic should be spent in a box. On the second, it can be planted in the ground, deepening by 0.5-1 cm.
For the plant to take root in the soil, choose a place that warms up well in spring. Keep the soil from drying out all year round. The plant will sprout in the coming spring. You can cut the leaves after 5 years.
Attention! Seeds sown in spring after stratification will sprout only after a year. For this reason, it is worth planting them in containers before winter.
How to care for wild garlic and harvest
Growing bear onions requires patience. Annual wild garlic is a small sprout with one leaf, two-year old is slightly larger in size. An adult plant is a small bush with several leaves. A normal harvest in one place, a bear onion is capable of producing no more than 7 years.
There are no innovative techniques in plant care:
- water frequently;
- loosen the ground;
- keep plantings clean;
Ramson does not require special care
- get rid of the weeds;
- fertilize wild garlic with mineral dressings and organic matter.
Moreover, in the first year or two, this will not be needed either. After the completion of the growing season, mulch the beds with peat, divide the bush and transfer to a new site.
Advice. When plucking the leaves, try not to damage the inflorescences. The seeds in them will ripen, fall nearby and increase your "plantation" next year.
When the wild garlic grows to cut the leaves, start doing this immediately after the snow melts. Collect arrows last - until the seeds of the plant become milky-waxy. Arrows are superior in taste to leaves and are excellent pickles. Pluck the bear onions in May, remembering to leave the bulbs in the soil. Leaves should be collected no more than once every couple of years, and in no case should you touch everything at once. The bulbs for further harvesting should be dug up in late autumn.
Like cultivated onions, wild garlic can be grown in jars or pots in winter. To do this, plant the bulbs at the end of October: the harvest will be already around the Christmas holidays. Difficulty growing and long waiting times will be rewarded with the first spring greens on your table.
Ramson: video
Growing wild garlic: photo
In nature, wild garlic is found everywhere in the Northern Hemisphere. You can also grow it on personal plots. The plant is extremely unpretentious, caring for it is very simple. Greens can be cut much earlier than other spicy herbs, it is a source of vitamins and minerals, which is especially valuable in mid-spring after winter beriberi. The culture is widely used both in cooking and in folk medicine. Leaves of wild garlic are wide and flat, very similar to the leaves of lily of the valley. And it tastes like a cross between onions and garlic.
Propagation of wild garlic by seeds
Wild garlic breeders are not yet particularly interested in, although several varieties can still be found in stores. At the same time, due to deforestation, the plant in many regions is listed in the Red Book, because its natural habitat is irreversibly damaged. The names of the new varieties do not differ in their originality and creativity - Teddy bear, Bear ear, Bear delicacy, Bear paw. At the same time, wild garlic is often called "bear onion", and the glades on which it grows are called "bear meadows". This nickname is due to the fact that when the bears come out of hibernation, wild garlic is practically the only fresh greenery in the forest. Therefore, the animals are happy to feast on young shoots.
The choice of wild garlic seeds in specialized stores cannot be called very wide.
Video: what the wild garlic looks like
You can also collect seeds yourself. Practice shows that about every tenth plant in the garden blooms every year. Inflorescence in the form of an almost regular ball consists of small white flowers. Round black seeds ripen in the second or third decade of June in triangular "capsule" fruits. They are cut off when they start to turn yellow. Then the shell will harden and it will be very difficult to open it without damaging the planting material for the next season. The seeds are poured out of the "box", dried and stored in a cool, dry, dark place with good ventilation in paper bags or linen bags before planting. The “harvest” is 100–120 seeds per plant.
Collecting wild garlic seeds yourself, you can be sure of their freshness
When buying, be sure to pay attention to the expiration date. They should be harvested last summer, not earlier. Older ones do not differ in germination. You can also distinguish them in appearance - they are not black and round, but grayish and wrinkled.
In spring, young shoots of wild garlic appear practically from under the snow
The site chosen for planting seeds is dug up in advance to a depth of 40-50 cm (the roots of the plants are quite powerful). Weeds and other plant debris are removed at the same time. Slaked lime, dolomite flour or eggshells crushed to a powder state (200-300 g per linear meter) are added to the acidic soil. You can also use wood ash - it is not only a good deoxidizer, but also saturates the soil with potassium and phosphorus. About two weeks before planting, the bed is loosened, applying organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility. Humus, rotted compost will do. But it is undesirable to use fresh manure and droppings. Such a powerful agent can "burn" the roots of the emerging seedlings.
Humus is an effective remedy for increasing soil fertility
Most gardeners practice autumn planting of wild garlic seeds, doing it in the first decade of September. The latest possible date is mid-October. The specific time is chosen based on the climatic conditions in the region. The optimum temperature for them is about 20 ° C. If it exceeds 25-26 ° C or below 10 ° C within a month after planting, the gardener, at best, will wait for single shoots.
Before planting, the seeds must be stratified, imitating hibernation. They are mixed with sand or peat, moisten the substrate and send the container for 80–100 days to a refrigerator or other place with a constant temperature of 0–3 ° С. Another option is to wrap the seeds in a wet cloth or paper towel, place it in a glass jar, and roll up the lid. The substrate is moistened as necessary. Usually once a week is sufficient. Periodically they need to be shaken up, providing fresh air access.
Seed stratification imitates their "wintering" in natural conditions
Video: Seed Stratification
To increase germination, seeds are soaked for 12-14 hours in a solution of any biostimulant. The same effect is given by both purchased preparations (Epin, Zircon, Emistim-M, Kornevin) and folk remedies (aloe juice, succinic acid, honey diluted with water).
Epin, like other biostimulants, helps to increase seed germination, and treatment has a positive effect on plant immunity
Seeds are sown in grooves 4–5 cm deep. Row spacing is about 20 cm. Sow them as evenly as possible, sprinkle them with humus mixed with fine sand on top. It is undesirable to use peat crumbs, it strongly acidifies the soil. Then the bed is covered with plastic wrap.
The first shoots will appear in the spring, somewhere in April, but not next year, but after another season. That is, the whole process takes about one and a half years. As practice shows, no more than a third of the seeds germinate. Immediately after this, the shelter will need to be removed. When one real leaf is formed, the plants are planted, leaving 15–20 cm between them. This is done very carefully, removing them from the soil together with a clod of earth. The root system of young seedlings is very fragile. They are buried in the soil by a maximum of 5 cm. During the first two seasons in the open field, it is advisable not to disturb the plants by cutting off the leaves. It is better to give them the opportunity to form a developed root system. The plantings are looked after, regularly weeding the beds, very carefully loosening the soil and watering them.
Seedlings from wild garlic seeds have to wait long enough
If there is a shortage of planting material, the seeds are planted in small peat pots filled with universal soil for seedlings or a mixture of humus with fertile turf. These containers are buried in the ground.
Another way of planting wild garlic seeds is using the so-called nursery. A shallow box is dug into the ground in a greenhouse or outdoors. Seeds are sown according to the scheme 0.5 * 0.5 cm. Two years later, when the seedlings grow up and get stronger, they are planted, transferring to a permanent place. This avoids "crowding" in the garden.
Spring planting is also possible. The procedure is best planned in April. In this case, the bed is tightened with any air-permeable white covering material (agryl, lutrasil, spunbond). Seedlings appear in May-June next year.
Ramson reproduces quite successfully by self-seeding, therefore, after a while, the planting in the garden becomes very thick, the plants no longer have enough space for food. To avoid this, every five years, large groups of bulbs are divided and planted, transferring to new places. In the same way, the plant can "creep" over the area, turning into a common weed. Therefore, it is recommended to surround the bed with slate sheets dug around the perimeter.
Video: growing wild garlic from seeds
Planting bulbs
Ramson is not picky, but in order for the plant to feel better and bring a good harvest, it is advisable, if possible, to recreate the natural conditions of its habitat. In nature, wild garlic grows in forests, along the banks of swamps, streams, springs. The plant is not tall (20–50 cm), so trees and shrubs shade it. Accordingly, it is best to plant it on a garden plot in the shade of a building, structure, fence, under a fruit tree, and so on. The culture does not like the bright sun - the leaves become smaller, lose their juiciness, dry out, the taste becomes less pronounced. For the gardener, this feature of the plant is an advantage - you can save space on the garden plot. In addition, a garden bed located in an open place will have to weed and water much more often.
For wild garlic in a garden plot, you can take a place that, due to shading, is not suitable for most other crops
The wild garlic does not have any special requirements for the quality of the soil. It successfully takes root in both "light" sandy and "heavy" clay soils. The only thing that the plant does not tolerate categorically is an acidic substrate. The best option for him is loose soil that allows air and water to pass through well. In nature, wild garlic grows almost in a swamp, but in "captivity" it does not like waterlogging. It is especially dangerous in early spring - the bulbs almost inevitably rot. Therefore, it is not recommended to plant wild garlic in the lowlands. There is melt water for the longest time. If there is no alternative, it is imperative to take care of drainage by adding crushed stone, expanded clay, pebbles to the soil. Or you have to fill in ridges about half a meter high.
Gardeners often resort to propagation of wild garlic with bulbs. This method allows you to quickly get a harvest from a new plant. But it is not devoid of certain drawbacks - only one new ovary is formed from each shoot. The optimal time for the procedure is August-September, when the vegetative period has already ended and the plant “went into hibernation”. The above-ground part dries up and dies off by this time, so the specimens intended for division must be marked in advance, otherwise you simply will not find them in the garden. The gardener will receive the first harvest when using this method of propagation in the third year of the life of a new plant.
New wild garlic bulbs are formed annually
If there is a shortage of planting material, several bulbs can be planted in an open, sunny place, and not in the shade, as usual. Such plants develop faster and "divide" much more actively, but they need more careful care, especially with regard to watering and weeding.
The bulbs are planted in the same way as the seedlings, leaving 15–20 cm between the plants. They are buried in the ground by a maximum of 5 cm, the smallest ones by 2–3 cm. Dry "feathers" should be visible on the surface. The plantings are moderately watered, the soil is mulched with freshly cut grass, dead leaves, wood chips, creating a layer 5–7 cm thick. It is undesirable to use fresh sawdust for this, especially conifers. The substrate is quickly acidified. Whether the procedure was successful can only be judged next fall after the transplant. If all goes well, a new replacement bulb should form. The aerial part of the plant practically does not develop during the summer; it pays the main attention to the roots.
The wild garlic bulbs are transplanted very carefully so as not to damage the plant roots
Practice shows that wild garlic bulbs gradually go underground. The largest and oldest are located at a depth of 20-25 cm. Dig them out very carefully so as not to damage the roots of neighboring plants. In the case of "children" taken out of the earth, they are unwound by hand whenever possible, cutting only where it does not work out at all. There is no point in planting bulbs without roots or with dry roots. They won't take root.
The wild garlic bulbs extracted from the ground must have roots, otherwise there is no point in replanting them
The garden bed is prepared in advance by digging deep into the soil. In addition to humus (3–5 l / m²), nitrogen (15–20 g / m²), potash (10–15 g / m²) and phosphorus (25–30 g / m²) fertilizers are also added. Suitable, for example, urea, simple superphosphate and potassium nitrate. There are also complex dressings containing these macronutrients - Azofosk, Nitrofosk, Diammofosk.
Azofoska is a complex fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
It is not worth constantly growing wild garlic in the same place. Plants begin to ache and wither. It is recommended to transfer the culture to a new bed every 7–8 years. A clear signal that it's time is thinning stems, shrinking leaves and bulbs.
Culture care
The plant is extremely unpretentious, it needs only minimal maintenance. Particular attention should be paid to watering wild garlic. The soil in the bed should be constantly moderately moist, especially in the first month after transplanting to a permanent place. But you can't fill the plant either - the bulbs will rot and it will die.
The best option for wild garlic is frequent but moderate watering. The soil between them should dry out 4–5 cm deep. This can be easily determined by digging a small hole in the garden bed and trying to compress the soil into a ball. If it crumbles in your fingers, it's time to water. When the weather is cool, cloudy, it is enough once every 4-6 days, in heat and with prolonged drought, the intervals between watering are halved.
Proper watering is the main component of competent care for wild garlic
Ideally, loosen the soil after each watering. If it doesn't work out, then at least 2-3 times a month. This improves the aeration of the soil and provides the roots with oxygen and nutrients. In such a soil, water does not stagnate.
After the aboveground part dies off, you can forget about watering. Until next spring, the plant will have enough natural rainfall.
Mulching a garden with wild garlic helps the gardener save time on weeding and reduce the number of waterings
Another important point is weeding. Mulching will help significantly save time on it (as well as retain moisture in the soil by increasing the intervals between waterings). The optimum layer thickness is 3-4 cm. It will have to be renewed as necessary. The hardest damage to the plantings of wild garlic is wheatgrass and sow thistle. These weeds have strong roots that can pierce the bulbs through and through, destroying the plant.
Wheatgrass rhizomes can seriously damage the wild garlic bulbs, so weeding the beds is a must
The vegetative period for wild garlic is rather short, therefore, from fertilizers it is better to give preference to natural organic matter or purchased products based on vermicompost. The plants are fed with infusions and solutions every 3-4 weeks. The frequency of application of store fertilizers and the concentration of the solution are determined by the instructions given in the manufacturer's instructions.
Once every two years, in the spring, in order to increase the fertility of the soil, humus or rotted compost (2-3 l / m²) is embedded in the soil in the process of the first loosening. You can also apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) in dry form or in the form of a solution (8-10 g per 1 m² or 10 l of water). You should not overdo it with such dressings. An excess of nitrogen in the soil has a bad effect on the immunity of plants, the leaves darken, become coarser, and nitrates harmful to health accumulate in them. And at the end of the growing season, sifted wood ash is annually scattered over the garden bed (glass per 1 m²). It is a natural source of potassium and phosphorus. Dolomite flour or other substance with similar properties is added to acidic soil every 3-4 years.
Dolomite flour is a soil deoxidizer that has no side effects if the recommended dosage is observed
For feeding wild garlic, infusions are prepared from fresh cow dung, bird droppings, nettle greens, dandelion leaves. In principle, any other weeds growing on the site can be used. A deep container is filled with raw materials by about a third, top up with water, and tightly closed. Then it is left in the sun for 3-4 days until a characteristic odor appears. Before use, the finished fertilizer is filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 or 1:15 if manure was used as raw material.
Nettle infusion is an absolutely natural and completely free fertilizer
Wild garlic hibernates, as a rule, without additional shelter, even in regions with a temperate climate. But if the winter is expected to be very harsh and at the same time little snow, it is advisable to insure yourself by covering the bed with a layer of mulch (fallen leaves, needles, straw) 8-10 cm thick and tightening with several layers of burlap or other covering material that allows air to pass through. As soon as enough snow falls, it is thrown over from above, building a snowdrift. It gradually subsides, so during the winter you will have to renovate the structure several times.
Ramson at home
The dimensions of wild garlic do not differ, so it is quite possible to grow it at home, providing yourself with fresh healthy greens all year round. The height of the plant is only 20-50 cm, the leaves are narrow, 3-5 cm wide, there are few of them in the outlet. The best time to disembark is early spring. Many people think that the greens in "captivity" are softer and juicier than in the garden.
With a not too high plant height, the root system of wild garlic is quite powerful, the bulbs are in the soil at a depth of about 20 cm. Therefore, the pot for her is chosen not too wide, but deep, resembling a bucket in shape. Preference is given to ceramic containers without glaze coating. Such material allows air to pass through better, preventing moisture from stagnating at the roots.
The pot for growing wild garlic must be deep enough
For the plant, a universal soil for indoor flowers is suitable, but it is better to mix the soil yourself. Humus, leafy sod land and coarse river sand should be taken in a 2: 2: 1 ratio. You cannot take turf from under coniferous trees. In nature, wild garlic never grows under them. To prevent the development of rot, for every 3 liters of the finished substrate, put a tablespoon of powdered chalk or activated carbon.
The garlic is undemanding to the quality of the soil, this also applies to those specimens that are grown at home
Both the pot and the soil must be sterilized before planting. It is enough to wash the container thoroughly and pour over boiling water, the soil is frozen, steamed, fried in the oven or spilled with a dark purple solution of potassium permanganate.
You can plant both seeds and wild garlic bulbs at home. For the first, pre-planting preparation is required. The procedure is no different from the one described above for open ground. But at home, seedlings appear much faster, after about a month.
After planting, the seeds and bulbs are sprinkled with a layer of fine sand mixed with peat chips (layer thickness - 5–7 cm). The soil in the pot is moderately moistened by spraying with a spray bottle. The container is tightened with plastic wrap or covered with glass. The "greenhouse" is opened daily for ventilation for 8-10 minutes, preventing condensation from accumulating. The substrate is gently loosened, moistened as it dries. As soon as shoots appear, the pot is transferred to a place where it will be provided with light partial shade and protection from direct sunlight.
There is nothing complicated in growing wild garlic at home.
For the summer, it is useful to take wild garlic to the balcony, open veranda, terrace. The plant reacts very positively to fresh air. Caring for her consists in regular watering and feeding. Any complex means for decorative foliage will do. You can alternate them with natural organic matter and top dressing based on vermicompost.
The first harvest at home is obtained in two years if wild garlic seeds are planted. From the bulbs - for the next season. Too zealous with cutting is not worth it, the plant may not recover from a sharp loss of most of the green mass. It is recommended to have several copies at once and "cut" them one by one.
Diseases and pests typical for the plant
The specific smell of wild garlic and the high concentration of essential oils in the leaves repel the vast majority of pests that feed on plant juices. Perhaps the only exception is the miner fly. Cultural immunity is also pretty good. Most often, various types of rot appear, in the development of which the gardener himself is often to blame, too often and / or watering the plant abundantly. Another possible fungal disease is leaf rust. It is most often transmitted from crops that grow nearby.
The main danger for wild garlic is not the adult specimens of the miner fly, but its larvae. They take root in leaf tissue and eat out “tunnels” in them, practically without leaving the surface. From the outside, it looks like semicircular bulges with a diameter of about 1 mm and a length of 1.5–2 cm. Associated symptoms are discolored areas of tissue that gradually become thinner and die off, deformed withering leaves. This process is usually going on rather quickly.
For some reason, the miner fly is very partial to the yellow color, this feature is used in the manufacture of homemade traps
You can fight with adults by hanging sticky tape for catching flies or homemade traps next to the garden bed - cut plastic bottles filled with sugar syrup, diluted honey or jam, or pieces of cardboard, plywood, linoleum, greased with the same honey, petroleum jelly, long-drying glue ... The larvae are scared away by sprinkling the soil in the garden with a mixture of wood ash, tobacco chips and ground red pepper.
Miner fly larvae eat leaf tissue from the inside
If characteristic damages are found, insecticides are used - Aktara, Konfidor-Maxi, Mospilan, Apache. The frequency of processing and the concentration of the solution are determined by the instructions. You need to spray both the plants themselves and the substrate.
Rust is caused by a fungus that is carried by the wind or carried by droplets of water. In the affected plant, the normal course of the process of photosynthesis and metabolism is disrupted, it suffers from a moisture deficit, the leaves gradually fall off. In this case, depressed red spots of a rounded shape appear on the front side, the wrong side is tightened with a continuous layer of "fleecy" plaque of a saffron shade. Gradually it changes color to a rusty brown and thickens.
Leaf rust is a dangerous disease that disrupts the processes of photosynthesis and metabolism, vital for the plant.
For prophylaxis in early spring, the soil in the garden is sprayed with a 5% carbamide solution, and at the end of the growing season, it is treated with 2% copper sulfate. During the period of active growth, once every 2-3 weeks, wild garlic is sprayed with foam of green potassium or laundry soap, a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, diluted in water with soda ash or colloidal sulfur (15-20 g per 10 l). Effective folk remedies - diluted 1:10 kefir or milk whey with the addition of iodine (drop per liter). You can dilute ammonia or vinegar essence with water in the same proportion.
Fight disease with fungicides. It is advisable to choose drugs of biological origin (Ridomil-Gold, Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Bayleton). More potent are Abiga-Peak, Topaz, HOM, Kuprozan. There are also means, the effectiveness of which has been tested by more than one generation of gardeners - Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate.
Bordeaux liquid is a common fungicide, the effectiveness of which has been tested by more than one generation of gardeners, you can do it yourself
Gray rot in the vast majority of cases is caused by waterlogging of the soil. A grayish "dust" appears on the leaves, then brownish or beige "translucent" spots, as if watery. Gradually they turn gray and are covered with a continuous layer of "fluffy" coating of ashy color with small black blotches. The affected areas of tissue soften and die off.
Most often, the gardener himself is to blame for the development of gray rot of wild garlic, who is too zealous with watering.
For prevention, the plants are powdered with crushed chalk or sifted wood ash, the soil in the garden is sprinkled with colloidal sulfur. Water for irrigation is periodically replaced with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate.
If the disease is not noticed in time, the plant can only be dug up and burned in order to eliminate the source of the infection. At an early stage, all areas of the affected tissue are excised with a disinfected razor blade or scalpel. It is necessary to capture also 2-3 mm healthy in appearance. Most likely, the spores of the fungus have already spread there, just external symptoms have not yet appeared. "Wounds" are washed with 2% copper sulfate and sprinkled with activated carbon powder or cinnamon. With the next loosening, granules of Trichodermin, Glyokladin are introduced into the soil. Instead of water for a month, wild garlic is watered with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin-M.
Potassium permanganate solution is an effective means for soil disinfection
Root rot is even more dangerous for the culture. It develops for a long time, not manifesting itself in any way on the aerial part of the plant. Then the bases of the stems soften, change color to black-brown, become slimy to the touch. The soil is covered with a layer of mold, an unpleasant putrefactive smell spreads. Fighting the disease at this stage is no longer possible. The plant is pulled out and burned, the soil in this place is disinfected by spilling with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. Preventive measures are similar to those used to protect against gray mold.
Harvesting and storage
It is almost impossible to notice the development of root rot at an early stage.
Harvesting and storage
The crop is ready for harvesting almost as soon as the snow melts. The highest concentration of vitamins, minerals, essential oils, phytoncides and other healthy substances in the leaves of wild garlic is observed in April. But it should be borne in mind that the earlier the greens are cut, the longer the plant needs to recover. The bulbs, on the other hand, are dug up at the end of summer, when they reach their maximum size. Used as food and arrows. They are even softer and juicier than leaves. After flowering, which occurs in May, the harvest is stopped - the greens are noticeably coarser.
The yield of wild garlic is very good, but you need to collect the leaves so that it is not to the detriment of the plants.
The rosette of wild garlic, as a rule, consists of three to five leaves. You can cut (just cut, and not pull out or twist) the top two or three. The lowest leaf necessarily remains on the plant so that it recovers faster the next year. In the current season, there will be no new greenery. Adult specimens from the age of five years can be cut off completely. The yield of wild garlic is not bad - about 1.5 kg of green mass is obtained from 1 m². In adult plants, this figure reaches 3 kg.
When fermented, the benefits of wild garlic practically do not suffer
To always be with the harvest, it is advisable to plant wild garlic in at least three different places with an interval of one or two years. Each season, the leaves will be cut from only one garden bed, the remaining two will have the opportunity to recover.
After flowering, wild garlic leaves are no longer cut off - at this time they are not so delicate and useful
Fresh wild garlic is most useful. Leaves and bulbs are added to salads. Also, you can prepare a very tasty seasoning for meat and fish dishes from them, mixing with sour cream and chili peppers. In the Caucasian countries, bulbs are simply eaten bite with bread sprinkled with salt. At room temperature, the leaves will remain fresh for 4–5 days, in the refrigerator for a week or a week and a half.
Salad with wild garlic - just a storehouse of vitamins and minerals
The plant is very useful for humans, but it is not recommended for feeding wild garlic. The milk changes color to reddish-yellow, the meat acquires an unpleasant aftertaste.
To preserve wild garlic for a long time, leaves and bulbs are fermented, salted, pickled. Least of all nutrients are lost during fermentation. You can freeze them. But for drying wild garlic is unsuitable. After this procedure, it almost completely loses its characteristic taste, aroma, and benefits.
Not only leaves and bulbs are eaten, but also wild garlic arrows
Video: health benefits of wild garlic
Ramson is not yet very popular among Russian gardeners. But this is completely undeserved. In spring it is practically the only fresh greens, an irreplaceable source of vitamins and minerals. The plant is very unpretentious; even a gardener without any experience is able to cultivate wild garlic on his site.
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Ramson is a relative of garlic and onion, an excellent garden plant. It has many useful properties, contains a high level of vitamin C. That is why it is so important to know what wild garlic is. It is also worth paying attention to how to grow wild garlic in the country.
Description of the plant and its types
blooms in early spring. Its green leaves appear above the ground, very similar to the leaves of a lily of the valley. A small onion is hiding in the ground, which, by the way, can also be eaten.
Ramson is considered to be a wild plant, but in recent years, gardeners have been happy to plant it in their summer cottages. If you are thinking about how to breed wild garlic in your summer cottage, first choose one of the varieties suitable for this purpose.
Thinking about where wild garlic grows, many people think of the Scandinavian high-mountain forests, the Caucasus mountains and Mediterranean countries with high Alps. And it is true. It is these areas that are ideal for the growth of bear onions - the most common type of wild garlic.
The bulbs of the bear onion are slightly oblong, the stems are triangular, they can stretch up to 40 cm in length. The leaves are lanceolate, diverge to the sides from the root and in early spring they release a small white inflorescence. After the wild garlic has faded, rounded boxes with seeds are formed on it..
Did you know? The bear onion is even used in traditional medicine. From its extracts prepare the essential oil "Urzalin", which is used to treat purulent wounds, bedsores and trophic ulcers.
This species of wild garlic came to us from the Far East and Siberian forests. It is often called Siberian wild garlic. The victory onion is distinguished by rather large bulbs, the diameter of which reaches 1.5 cm.
The shape is cylindrical-conical. On one rhizome, 2-3 bulbs can be attached at once, from which a very high stem goes up (in the wild, it stretches up to 80 cm). Leaves are attached to the middle of the stem.
The victorious onion blooms in early spring, small flowers are collected in globular inflorescences. For the climatic conditions of Ukraine and Russia, this type of wild garlic is the most acceptable.
Where is the best place to plant a plant?
Ramson in the garden is an irreplaceable plant, so every summer resident should know how to plant it.
Choosing a place for a flower
Under natural conditions, wild garlic grows in densely shaded forests. At the summer cottage, it is important for her to find a similar place. Ramsons can be planted in the shade of a house, shed, or even under a fence. It will grow well in the shade of large garden trees.
On the beds, wild garlic is planted less often, except perhaps not far from large plants that cover the flowers with their leaves. In addition to coolness, wild garlic also requires a lot of moisture.
Important! Despite the love of wild garlic for moisture, you should not plant it in often flooded places or areas where groundwater approaches the soil surface. But if there is no other place for the plant, take care of the drainage system.
Soil requirements
Ramson takes root well on any soil, but not on acidic soil (otherwise it must be treated with lime). It is advisable to pre-fertilize and dig up the soil for planting a plant. It is better to use organic matter as fertilizer: compost and rotted manure.
How to plant wild garlic
You can plant wild garlic both in the autumn and in the spring. Plant growth efficiency is independent of planting time.
Planting in autumn
Planting wild garlic before winter can be carried out in August or September. Later, you should not do this: before the onset of frost, the bulbs should have time to take root in a new place.
Before planting, a family of bulbs must be carefully separated so as not to harm their roots. The bulbs are planted in rows 40 cm apart. In each row, the bulbs are 20 cm apart.
When planting for the winter, it is also important to ensure that you have enough nutrients and good shelter. It is advisable to mulch such a planting with humus.
Spring planting
In spring, wild garlic is planted in April or in the first weeks of May. It is important that the wild garlic bulbs are well preserved by this time. Be sure to check their condition before boarding. A bulb with dry roots is unlikely to grow.
The spring planting scheme is the same as the autumn planting. The main thing is to make sure that the bed for wild garlic is dug up and fertilized in the fall. Then in the spring it will only be necessary to water it and you do not even need to mulch.
Did you know? In one and the same place wild garlic can grow up to 5 years, while its bulbs remain in the ground even in winter.
Watering and care rules
Throughout the growing season, wild garlic requires attention.
A plant accustomed to wild forest conditions in the country may suffer from drought and lack of nutrients.
How to water the soil
Ramsons are especially demanding for watering. You need to moisturize it regularly. It is best to water the plants a little, but often (too much moisture will harm the bulbs).
Mulching and fertilizing the soil
Mulch made from humus and fallen leaves is the best fertilizer for wild garlic. Also, thanks to mulch, moisture remains in the soil for a long time. Periodically, you can add a solution of chicken manure (1/20) or mullein (1/10) to the plants.
Features of care for wild garlic
It is very important in caring for wild garlic to regularly remove weeds around the plant. Nettle and wheatgrass are especially dangerous for wild garlic, whose powerful roots can pierce delicate wild garlic bulbs.
Plant transplant rules
Garden ramson needs regular replanting. Every year, 2-3 more young appear on one bulb, which need to be torn off and transplanted to another place or eaten.
But if you do not strive for rapid reproduction of wild garlic, you can leave it together with the newly formed bulbs for up to 5 years. Please note that if we are talking about bear onions, then it can give crops for 7 years of growth in the same place.
Crushed bulbs, as well as overly thin stems, on which leaves practically do not develop, will be a clue that it is time to transplant the plant.
Reproduction of wild garlic
Ramson has many breeding methods, each of which is effective in its own way. When planting for the first time, it is better to use seeds, and it is easier to use bulbs to propagate your own crop.
Bulbs
Propagation of wild garlic with bulbs is the easiest and fastest way. It is necessary to separate the young bulbs with roots from one bush and transplant them to the prepared place.
Seeds
This method is more difficult. Particular attention should be paid to the purchase or collection of seeds, they must be fresh. The seed boxes must be removed from the plant at the moment when they begin to turn yellow. During this period, they are distinguished by special germination.
Seeds are sown into the ground in September, having previously prepared for this a small nursery with a size of 0.5 x 0.5 m. It is enough to scatter the seeds on wet soil, press a little so that they enter the ground.
Mulch with humus, peat or leaves. Such a bed requires regular watering. In the spring, a third of the seeds must germinate.
