The spelling of consonants is one of the key topics of the school curriculum. Children begin to master it from the first grade and continue to study it until the end of the course of study at school. Teachers do not refer to the spelling "double consonants at the root of the word" as difficult, but difficulties in writing are still encountered, both among younger students and senior students.
What is a doubled consonant, its place in a word
By observing pronunciation and writing, students notice that there is a group of words where a long consonant sound sounds, and in writing it is indicated by the same letters standing next to each other. Since there are usually two such letters, such a combination of consonants began to be called doubled.
The next task is to develop the ability to determine the place of a doubled consonant in a word. Later, children learn that it can be found not only in the root, but also in other parts of it.
In words band, chord, alley, burns, ton there is a spelling "double consonants at the root of the word". Examples of such words can be continued. It is worth noting that the doubled -zhzh- is found in the roots of words of Russian origin - yeast, reins, juniper, buzz - and all forms formed from them.
Consonant on the border of a prefix and a root
For example, in words lawlessness, consider, get angry, fake, story, introduction the doubled consonant is written on the border of the prefix and the root. Having disassembled them according to their composition, the student will easily notice this feature.
To avoid mistakes in spelling words of a similar structure, the child should be very good at parsing the composition, correctly identifying the prefix and root. In addition, it is necessary to remember about the peculiarities of writing prefixes ending in a consonant, in the case when the root also begins with it.
Difficult words and their spelling
Double consonants at the root of a word are written when they are part of complex ones. They lack a connecting vowel, for example, chief physician... The first part of it ends with a consonant, and the second begins with the same letter. Let's say words like maternity hospital, "Mosselmash" have a similar way of education.
Their correct spelling again depends on the student's ability to see the roots and understand their lexical meaning.
Double consonants at the root of the word at the junction of the root and the suffix
Doubled consonants -nn- and -ss- most often occur in cases where the first letter, when parsing a word, belongs to the root, and the second to the suffix. This is usually observed where there are suffixes in the composition. -st-, -n-, -sk-, For example: lemon, moon, cast iron, Russian.
Double consonants at the root of the word at the junction of the root and suffix are written in past tense verbs with a reflexive particle -sya-, For example: graze, rush.
Doubled consonants in a suffix
Spelling errors of doubled consonants in a suffix can be caused by the fact that there are many spelling variations, for example -enn-, -en-, -ann-, -an- etc. The child needs not only to memorize the rule that regulates the process of competent writing, but also to be clearly aware of all the actions that he needs to perform.
Adjectives derived from nouns are written with double -нн- ( cranberry, lunchtime, morbid, windless but windy). Tin, wood, glass- these are exception words, and they are also written with a double consonant.
General rules
Double consonants at the root of the word, prefix and suffix obey the general rules for their writing. For example, three or more identical letters are never written side by side, although the generally accepted rule requires this. It's about words like quarrel, three-ton, Odessa other.
Words containing double consonants retain them in the process of word formation. For instance: group - group - group, class - cool... But there is an exception to the rule: Anka, column, condensed milk.
Doubled consonants in elementary school curriculum
After the children become familiar with the topic "Double consonants at the root of the word" (examples are given below), primary school students need to be taught to use the spelling dictionary. The reference book is an example of the correct spelling of words with various spellings, including those with doubled consonants.
Students can be offered exercises where it is necessary to given words, for example, such as quarrel, platform, gram, pick up relatives from the dictionary by writing them into one group.
In russian language -ss-, -dd-, -ll-, -pp-, -zhzh-, -pp-, -mm-, -bb- are used most often as double consonants at the root of a word. Grade 3 studies a list of words to memorize, where all the listed letters are presented as doubled. The list contains more than a dozen such examples.
A large number of words with doubled consonants appeared in the Russian language thanks to the borrowing process. Sometimes it is useful to compare what their style looks like in Russian and foreign versions. But this method must be treated very carefully, since foreign words, having entered the Russian language, can undergo certain changes. For instance, classe - "class", profession - "profession", but adresse - "address"... This technique only in some cases helps to better remember how the double consonants are written at the root of the word.
The hyphenation rule for words with double consonants has its own characteristics, and it is also included in the elementary school curriculum for learning the rules of the Russian language. The result of working on the entire topic is the formation of the following skills in younger students:
- choose the correct spelling;
- transfer words with letters of doubled consonants;
- justify your choice using the learned rules and spelling dictionary.
To check the level of formation of the skill, tasks are proposed where it is necessary to insert missing letters into words. The choice of material is such that not in all cases it is required to write a doubled consonant. Children should notice this and complete the task correctly.
When testing the ability to transfer words with a doubled consonant, it is necessary to offer their different structure in terms of the presence of parts, the number of syllables. These could be words like burns, cash register, alley, tell you other.
Expanding on the topic of spelling double consonants
As the child progresses in mastering the laws of Russian spelling, the number of spellings increases, where double consonants are used at the root of the word. The morphological composition also becomes diverse. In addition, the lexical material becomes more complicated, by the example of which double consonants at the root of a word are studied. Grade 5 of the school curriculum can serve as proof of this.
In addition to adjectives, nouns, verbs, students are offered adverbs, participles, participles to observe the spelling of doubled consonants. The material for the analysis of the spelling of words is excerpts from classical literature, oral folk art. Children get acquainted with these works in the classroom.
In addition, students should freely determine the place of the doubled consonant in the composition of the word. To form this skill, they are regularly offered to perform an exercise where it is necessary to distribute words into groups depending on the location of the doubled consonant.
Children should be able to justify their choice, which is helped by the oral answers of schoolchildren with the formulation of rules, giving their own examples.
In the roots of Russian words, only double consonants are used ss and lj ... There are few such words.
Letters ss written in a word argument and related words formed from it, for example: on ss yell, by ss orient; and also in words Ro ss and I(from outdated ross), ro ss Iysky, Beloru ss and I(but Rus, Belarusian).
Letters lj written in words in lj and, draw lj and, zhu lj oh, mo lj evelnik and related words derived from them, for example: zhu lj anie, mo lj evelovy... Letters lj are also written in words and forms derived from the verb burn (harness), For example: lj ene, co lj ienie, lj eat, lj no, with lj no.
Double consonants at the junction of a prefix and a root
Double consonants in Russian words are written at the junction of the prefix and the root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: be ss porno, in ss melting, in zz rhenium, by dd hold, oh tt exaggerate.
Notes:
1.With letters ss words formed from the root are written -check- using the prefix races -, For example: ra ss read, ra ss to read... Words with the same prefix and root - even - written with one With , For example: calculating(but countless, from without counting).
2. Double consonants can occur in suffixes and at the junction of a root and a suffix, for example: traditionally nn oh, unity nn oh, matro ss cue... We will consider these cases later.
Double consonants in foreign words
Most doubled consonants are found in foreign words, for example: appeal, intellectual, occupant... These words, like words with unverifiable spellings, need to be memorized. Below is a list of the most common double consonant words.
Words with double consonants
- aggressor
- apparatus
- association
- allegory
- appetite
- attaché
- annotation
- artillery
- certificate
- annul
- assistant
- attraction
- appeal
- ballad
- barricade
- fiction
- vote
- pool
- bulletin
- group
- discussion
- thesis
- differentiation
- illusion
- illuminations
- illustration
- classic
- a comment
- concession
- collective
- communism
- correspondent
- colloquium
- communiqué
- crystal
- column, colonnade
- compromise
- crystalline but crystal
- colossus
- congress
- cross
- commission
- weight
- metal
- mission
- an occupation
- opposition
- opponent
- parallel
- pessimism
- progress
- passive
- press
- profession
- platform
- program
- director
- spring
- repression
- symmetry
- surrogate
- telegram
- territory
- track
- tennis
- terror
- troupe
- terrace
- ton, but five ton
- tunnel and tunnel
- hockey
- celluloid
- cellulose
- chassis
- highway
- expression
- the effect
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It came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the loosened paths. Winged wanderers have returned from distant lands, these feathered toilers tirelessly build their nests. "
The spring picture conveyed by this text makes us remember the rules for writing doubled consonants.
in borrowed words
If the spelling of doubled consonants in a word cannot be checked in any way, then they are called double. These words are to be memorized. As required by this rule, we memorize the words with doubled consonants below.
1. Some Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Cyril, Savva.
2.Terrace, Ton, Effect, Tennis, Repression, Program, Column, Correspondent, Assembly, Alley, Score, etc.
3. Some primordially Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.
4. In all words that are cognate with the above.
Differences between words with different numbers of consonants
When in some words there is one consonant, and in others there are double consonants, the rules are as follows:
1. If it differs in the number of consonants, then these are most likely different words with different lexical meanings:
- ton - a measure of weight, tone - case form of the word tone - a shade of sound or color;
- cash register - a device for storing money, touch - connection at any point;
- score is a unit of assessment, ball is an evening of relaxation with dancing.
Sample sentences:
- A ton of coal has already been loaded onto the ship.
- Igor has never heard such a pure tone.
- The ticket office is closed today.
- The touch was faint.
- I got a high score on the exam.
- Natalia was invited to the ball.
2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skillful, correspondent - junior, column - column, Finn - Finnish, ton - five ton.
No doubled consonants
If we take, for example, the word "aluminum", then there is one letter "l" in it. Remember the words that don't have doubled consonants. Examples of words:
- apartments;
- balustrade;
- gallery;
- humanist, humanistic;
- decibel;
- dealer, dealer;
- amateur, amateurish;
- drama, dramatic, dramatic;
- imitation, imitate;
- corridor, bellhop;
- midget;
- producer, producer.
with doubled consonants
Usually words are carried over the syllables: ma-shi-na. doubled consonants are:
- A part of a word with one consonant remains on one line, and a part of a word with a second consonant is transferred to another: column-na, ton-na, All-la, Russia.
- Carry out the transfer of words with doubled consonants, if possible, in a place where there is no doubled consonant: art, terra-sa, correspondent.
Unfortunately, even adults sometimes make mistakes, or don't know how to correctly transfer such words. To prevent embarrassment from happening to you, let's discuss in which cases the hyphenation of words with doubled consonants is unacceptable. Examples:
- all-yea;
- terrace;
- art.
In addition, the rules for transferring doubled consonants prohibit transferring words with one vowel sound: class, score, burns.
At the junction of morphemes
When the end of the prefix and the beginning of the root, the end of the root and the beginning of the suffix or suffix are the same letter, doubled consonants appear. The rules dictate this spelling:
- permanent;
- fearless;
- selfless;
- toothless;
- lawless;
- provoke;
- raunchy;
- story;
- get angry;
- pickle;
- dissect;
- dry out;
- be pinched with cold;
- the threshold;
- give in;
- pry off;
- thaw;
- outflow;
- beat;
- enter,
- up;
- entrusted;
- art;
- Russian;
- sailor;
- Novocherkassk;
- picture;
- old;
- true;
- cardboard;
- cup holder;
- windowsill;
- supporter;
- wanderer;
- the chosen one;
- pickpocket;
- raspberry;
- aspen forest.
Doubled consonants appear when adding abbreviated stems:
- chief physician;
- maternity hospital.
In adjective suffixes
In Russian, one of the most difficult orthograms is one and two letters H in suffixes that are found in words of different parts of speech. Consider the spelling -n- and -nn- in adjectives. And the table will help us with this.
There are several exceptions to this rule: windy (windless), glass, tin, wooden.
It is especially worth mentioning words that are formed without a suffix:
- pork;
- mutton;
- young;
- scarlet;
- blue;
- green.
In participle suffixes
To apply the rule correctly, words with double consonant participles must be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from the verbs:
- to proceed - well-trodden;
- paint - painted;
- write - written;
- to expel - expelled;
- to desire is desired;
- buy - bought;
- to root out - eradicated;
- to elect - the chosen one;
- incandescent - incandescent;
- fry - toasted;
- wake up - awakened;
- to delimit - delimited;
- print - printed;
- draw - drawn;
- interrogate - interrogated;
- to grab - captured.
Spelling of doubled consonants. Rule for participles with one letter N |
|
In short participles | All tasks have been completed. |
In imperfect participles without dependent words and prefixes | Painted bench. |
Spelling double consonants with two letters N |
|
There are prefixes | Arranged tables. |
There are dependent words | A bench painted yesterday. |
Words to remember: unseen, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, unread.
In adverb suffixes
The same amount of adverbial words is written N how much is in the producing word. This is the simplest rule. Words with doubled consonants with this spelling exist in Russian along with those written with one letter:
- sincere - sincerely;
- unintentional - unintentionally;
- beautiful - beautiful;
- interesting - interesting.
Test
Now that the topic "Doubled consonants" has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of mastering of the educational material is.
A. Ball. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.
A. Leave both letters on the line.
B. Both letters must be wrapped to the next line.
A. Be sure to check.
B. No, you need to remember.
A. Saturday. B. Telegram. B. Story. G. Hockey.
5. In what word are LJ written? Write it _____________________
- bry ... gnawing liquid;
- zadreb ... the iron was red;
- drive ... cross the bridge;
- annoying and ... burn;
- ra ... reap the trap;
- ra ... pity mom;
- you are ... a woman's land;
- out ... a jealous horse;
- vi ... a child who is biting.
beech a (l / ll) eya, television (n / nn) th ante (n / nn) a, dra (m / mm) atic co (l / ll) iziya, friendly co (l / l) ective, interesting pie (s / ss) a, grabbing (n / nn) th te (r / pp) history, (s / ss) getting along with friends, old draw (w / fzh) and, exhibiting gu (m / mm) anism, crista (l / ll) nny honesty, file a (p / n) e (l / l) ration, alloy a (l / ll) yuminium, inventive claim (s / ss) you, and (c / cc) decompose, interest (l / ll) to talk competently, go to the opera (t / tt) y, ma (s / ss) onskaya lodge, I am fond of be (l / ll) ethics, and (n / n) a cute pie, art (n / nn) th ha (l / ll) herey.
GIA tasks
- The snow has already melted.
- The banks ... are heated in the spring.
- The sun is ... pitifully eats up the snow drifts.
- The beams are ... pitifully burning the yellowed fields.
- Brooks and ... dried up.
- The travelers walked along the road along ... holding each other.
- Everyone sat around the fire.
- It is a pleasure to walk with a ... full bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
- He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed falling from the leaves of the trees, how peaceful ... about the fire crackled and the forest earth smelled breathtakingly.
- My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysteries ... their properties.
- His tanned face was furrowed ... deeply wrinkled.
- The owner spoke in an unusual way ... tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
- We approach the house and see that the gate is open: it flaps from the wind, and the latch is ripped off ... ah.
- The next day the gate was painted ... ah, its hinges were greased ... s.
- In the park, at the very entrance, there is a tree ... the th bench stands.
- There were new poles near the bench ...
- Waves crawled lazily onto the sand and slowly ... they crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
- The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with a drooping ... tail.
- The grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly ... oh, she chewed bread.
- The dog was huge, with a big head and lions ... paws.
- He was wearing faded, incredibly wide canvas ... pants.
- The posters were put up ... all over the city.
- They all left, and only the well-worn faces of the lackeys flashed in the corridors.
- In the center of the room was a table covered with a cloth ... with a gold tablecloth.
3. Select the sentences in which the numbers are correctly indicated, in the place of which NN is omitted.
- On the table are (1) a lot of vases with flowers and a sketch (2) and a bunch of branches, so that the dishes stand, as if in a sacrament (3) oh more often. (3)
- At the end of the nineteenth century, a variable filling thermometer was invented. Behind such a wise (2) name was a device designed (3) for measuring temperature in a small interval. (thirteen)
- On a hot day, I sat by a tree (1) berth and ate ice cream (2) with crushed (3) nuts. (one)
- On the table are (1) peaches, prepared (2) for compote, not yet cleaner ... (2)
- The glazed (1) doors were loosened (2), and their standing (3) ringing merged with the ringing of the chandelier. (thirteen)
- At the end of the long (1) th corridor there was a fenced off (2) and a small room that served as guests (3). (one)
Answers
1. What word is spelled incorrectly?
D. Gallery.
2. What is the answer to the question: "How to transfer a word?" will be correct?
B. Leave one letter on the line, and transfer the other.
3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?
B. No, you need to remember.
4. In which word is not a double, but a double consonant?
B. Story.
5. In what word are LJ written? Write it: scorched.
6. One or two letters are missing in parentheses:
Beech alley, television antenna, dramatic collision, art gallery, friendly team, interesting play, occupied territory, quarrel with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, file an appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, carefully spread out, intelligently talk, go on operetta, Masonic lodge, fond of fiction, mouth-watering pie.
GIA tasks
1. What sentences contain words that are written with doubled consonants?
- The streams have dried up.
- The travelers walked along the road, supporting each other.
- All sat around the fire.
2. What sentences contain words with two letters H?
- It is a pleasure to walk with a full bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
- He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed falling from the leaves of the trees, how the fire creaked peacefully and the forest earth smelled breathtakingly.
- My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysterious properties.
- The owner spoke unusually tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
- There is a wooden bench in the park near the entrance.
- Waves crawled lazily onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
- The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail down.
- Grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly chewed bread.
For the third task, the answers are given in the text itself, in brackets.
“Early spring came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the loosened paths. Winged wanderers have returned from distant lands, these feathered toilers tirelessly build their nests.
The spring picture conveyed by this text makes us remember the rules for writing doubled consonants.
Double consonants in loan words
If the spelling of doubled consonants in a word cannot be checked in any way, then they are called double. These words are to be memorized. As required by this rule, we memorize the words with doubled consonants below.
1. Some proper names: Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Cyril, Savva.
2. Borrowed words: terrace, ton, effect, tennis, repression, program, column, correspondent, assembly, alley, score, etc.
3. Some primordially Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.
4. In all words that are cognate with the above.
Differences between words with different numbers of consonants
When in some words there is one consonant, and in others there are double consonants, the rules are as follows:
1. If the root of words differs in the number of consonants, then these are most likely different words with different lexical meanings:
2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skillful, correspondent - junior, column - column, Finn - Finnish, ton - five ton.
No doubled consonants
If we take, for example, the word "aluminum", then there is one letter "l" in it. Remember the words that don't have doubled consonants. Examples of words:
Wrap words with doubled consonants
Usually words are carried over the syllables: ma-shi-na. The rules for transferring doubled consonants are as follows:
- A part of a word with one consonant remains on one line, and a part of a word with a second consonant is transferred to another: column-na, ton-na, All-la, Russia.
- Carry out the transfer of words with doubled consonants, if possible, in a place where there is no doubled consonant: art, terra-sa, correspondent.
- permanent;
- fearless;
- selfless;
- toothless;
- lawless;
- provoke;
- raunchy;
- story;
- get angry;
- pickle;
- dissect;
- dry out;
- be pinched with cold;
- the threshold;
- give in;
- pry off;
- thaw;
- outflow;
- beat;
- enter,
- up;
- entrusted;
- art;
- Russian;
- sailor;
- Novocherkassk;
- picture;
- old;
- true;
- cardboard;
- cup holder;
- windowsill;
- supporter;
- wanderer;
- the chosen one;
- pickpocket;
- raspberry;
- aspen forest.
- chief physician;
- maternity hospital.
- to proceed - well-trodden;
- paint - painted;
- write - written;
- to expel - expelled;
- to desire is desired;
- buy - bought;
- to root out - eradicated;
- to elect - the chosen one;
- incandescent - incandescent;
- fry - toasted;
- wake up - awakened;
- to delimit - delimited;
- print - printed;
- draw - drawn;
- interrogate - interrogated;
- to grab - captured.
- sincere - sincerely;
- unintentional - unintentionally;
- beautiful - beautiful;
- interesting - interesting.
- bry ... gnawing liquid;
- zadreb ... the iron was red;
- drive ... cross the bridge;
- annoying and ... burn;
- ra ... reap the trap;
- ra ... pity mom;
- you are ... a woman's land;
- out ... a jealous horse;
- vi ... a child who is biting.
- The snow has already melted.
- The banks ... are heated in the spring.
- The sun is ... pitifully eats up the snow drifts.
- The beams are ... pitifully burning the yellowed fields.
- Brooks and ... dried up.
- The travelers walked along the road along ... holding each other.
- Everyone sat around the fire.
- It is a pleasure to walk with a ... full bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
- He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed falling from the leaves of the trees, how peaceful ... about the fire crackled and the forest earth smelled breathtakingly.
- My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysteries ... their properties.
- His tanned face was furrowed ... deeply wrinkled.
- The owner spoke in an unusual way ... tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
- We approach the house and see that the gate is open: it flaps from the wind, and the latch is ripped off ... ah.
- The next day the gate was painted ... ah, its hinges were greased ... s.
- In the park, at the very entrance, there is a tree ... the th bench stands.
- There were new poles near the bench ...
- Waves crawled lazily onto the sand and slowly ... they crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
- The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with a drooping ... tail.
- The grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly ... oh, she chewed bread.
- The dog was huge, with a big head and lions ... paws.
- It had faded, incredibly wide canvases. th pants.
- The posters were put up. s all over the city.
- Everybody left, and only the housewife. the haunted faces of the lackeys flashed in the corridors.
- In the center of the room was a table covered with cloth. oh gold tablecloth.
- On the table are (1) a lot of vases with flowers and a sketch (2) and a bunch of branches, so that the dishes stand, as if in a sacrament (3) oh more often. (3)
- At the end of the nineteenth century, a variable filling thermometer was invented. Behind such a wise (2) name was a device designed (3) for measuring temperature in a small interval. (thirteen)
- On a hot day, I sat by a tree (1) berth and ate ice cream (2) with crushed (3) nuts. (one)
- On the table are (1) peaches, prepared (2) for compote, not yet cleaner ... (2)
- The glazed (1) doors were loosened (2), and their standing (3) ringing merged with the ringing of the chandelier. (thirteen)
- At the end of the long (1) th corridor there was a fenced off (2) and a small room that served as guests (3). (one)
- The streams have dried up.
- The travelers walked along the road, supporting each other.
- All sat around the fire.
- It is a pleasure to walk with a full bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
- He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed falling from the leaves of the trees, how the fire creaked peacefully and the forest earth smelled breathtakingly.
- My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysterious properties.
- The owner spoke unusually tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
- There is a wooden bench in the park near the entrance.
- Waves crawled lazily onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
- The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail down.
- Grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly chewed bread.
- bb - pp- Saturday, group, troupe, apparatus
- ff- differentiate
- kk- neat, accordion, hockey
- ss- profession, art, Russian
- tt- attraction, certificate
- pp- terrace, platform
- lj- buzzing, burning
- ll- collection, alley, million
- mm- grammar, kilogram
- nn- bath, column, lemon
Unfortunately, even adults sometimes make mistakes, or don't know how to correctly transfer such words. To prevent embarrassment from happening to you, let's discuss in which cases the hyphenation of words with doubled consonants is unacceptable. Examples:
In addition, the rules for transferring doubled consonants prohibit transferring words with one vowel sound: class, score, burns.
At the junction of morphemes
When the end of the prefix and the beginning of the root, the end of the root and the beginning of the suffix or suffix are the same letter, doubled consonants appear. The rules dictate this spelling:
Doubled consonants appear when adding abbreviated stems:
In adjective suffixes
In Russian, one of the most difficult orthograms is one and two letters H in suffixes that are found in words of different parts of speech. Consider the spelling -n- and -nn- in adjectives. And the table will help us with this.
Doubled consonants. Rules for adjectives
In-: wasp, eagle, falcon;
An - (- yang-): linen, leather;
Onn-: station, lecture;
Yenn-: cranberry, straw;
There are several exceptions to this rule: windy (windless), glass, tin, wooden.
It is especially worth mentioning words that are formed without a suffix:
In participle suffixes
To apply the rule correctly, words with double consonant participles must be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from the verbs:
Spelling of doubled consonants. Rule for participles with one letter N
In short participles
All tasks have been completed.
In imperfect participles without dependent words and prefixes
Spelling double consonants with two letters N
There are dependent words
A bench painted yesterday.
Words to remember: unseen, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, unread.
In adverb suffixes
The same amount of adverbial words is written N how much is in the producing word. This is the simplest rule. Words with doubled consonants with this spelling exist in Russian along with those written with one letter:
Now that the topic "Doubled consonants" has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of mastering of the educational material is.
A. Ball. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.
2. What is the answer to the question: "How to transfer a word?" will be correct?
A. Leave both letters on the line.
B. Leave one letter on the line, and transfer the other.
B. Both letters must be wrapped to the next line.
3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?
A. Be sure to check.
A. Saturday. B. Telegram. B. Story. G. Hockey.
5. In what word are LJ written? Write it _____________________
beech a (l / ll) eya, television (n / nn) th ante (n / nn) a, dra (m / mm) atic co (l / ll) iziya, friendly co (l / l) ective, interesting pie (s / ss) a, grabbing (n / nn) th te (r / pp) history, (s / ss) getting along with friends, old draw (w / fzh) and, exhibiting gu (m / mm) anism, crista (l / ll) nny honesty, file a (p / n) e (l / l) ration, alloy a (l / ll) yuminium, inventive claim (s / ss) you, and (c / cc) decompose, interest (l / ll) to talk competently, go to the opera (t / tt) y, ma (s / ss) onskaya lodge, I am fond of be (l / ll) ethics, and (n / n) a cute pie, art (n / nn) th ha (l / ll) herey.
GIA tasks
3. Select the sentences in which the numbers are correctly indicated, in the place of which NN is omitted.
1. What word is spelled incorrectly?
B. No, you need to remember.
4. In which word is not a double, but a double consonant?
5. In what word are LJ written? Write it: scorched.
6. One or two letters are missing in parentheses:
Beech alley, television antenna, dramatic collision, art gallery, friendly team, interesting play, occupied territory, quarrel with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, file an appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, carefully spread out, intelligently talk, go on operetta, Masonic lodge, fond of fiction, mouth-watering pie.
1. What sentences contain words that are written with doubled consonants?
2. What sentences contain words with two letters H?
For the third task, the answers are given in the text itself, in brackets.
Words with double (doubled) consonants
A long consonant in a word is often conveyed in writing using two identical consonant letters. Such consonants are called double (doubled).
The following consonants can be double in words:
Double consonants can stand:
- At the beginning of the word - burning
- In the middle of the word - worldview
- At the end of the word - kilogram
Double consonants are written at the junction of the prefix and root: urgent, vision, support
Double consonants can be at the junction of root and suffix: fireplace, lemon.
Double consonants can be found and at the root: arts oh gram.
You need to memorize the spelling of double consonants or, if in doubt, refer to the spelling dictionary.
Usually, where a long sound is heard, and double consonants are written. However, there are a number of exceptions to be aware of: gallery, imitation.
! Pay attention:
Doubled consonants refer to one syllable: sso-ra, zhu-zhzhat.
When hyphenating words with doubled consonants, these letters are divided: sub-bot, up-petit.
“Spelling of words with double consonants. The composition of the word. Generalization "(grade 3)
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“Spelling of words with double consonants.
Primary school teacher
Moscow region, Chekhov
Lesson topic: “Spelling words with double consonants. The composition of the word. Generalization ".
Target: learn to transfer words with doubled consonants, sort words by composition with doubled consonants; develop attention; foster interest in the Russian language.
Subject UUD: learn to write words with doubled consonants, distinguish the pronunciation of words with doubled consonants and correctly designate them in writing.
Regulatory UUD: take into account the rule (algorithm) in planning and control the way of solving, plan with the help of the teacher your actions when writing doubled consonants
Communicative UUD: take into account different opinions and interests and express your own opinion (position), argue for it .
Cognitive UUD: understand the information presented in pictorial, graphic form; deliberately build a speech utterance in oral and written form.
Personal UUD: awareness of their ethnic and national identity; show cooperation skills, know how to avoid conflicts and find a way out of contentious conflicts.
Lesson type: generalization and systematization of knowledge
Forms: individual, in pairs
Equipment: computer, interactive whiteboard, each student has a card with text.
I Organizational moment
II Adaptation stage
- Remember what spelling you got acquainted with and worked with during the last lessons?
- What rules did you meet?
(A long consonant sound is heard one, but two letters are written.)
- What other rule have you met?
(Rule of hyphenation for words with double consonants.)
How to hyphenate words with double consonants?
Homework check
(Ak - ku - rat - no, al - leya, bass - sein, art - art, ki - lo - gram, column - na, honey - len - no, metal, ot - te - nok , story - tale, distance - distance, hock - key, shos - se.)
- What is the rule of the word?
- Who coped with the task?
- Which doubled consonant is most common in words? Children's answers.
Write down a whole line.
Ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
- Write down a word, put an emphasis, select an unstressed vowel, divide the word into syllables.
- What spelling is found in the word?
- Explain the meaning of the word apparatus.
The teacher displays the cards on the blackboard
for for taking pictures
under the image quickly performs punches for conversation
water at a distance math operations checks at a distance
- Compare the letters when we write a word with a doubled consonant and the sounds when we pronounce it. What's the Difference?
- What conclusion can be drawn?
(We hear a long sound, write two letters)
- Decipher one more word.
K O S R R P O E N D E T N
— Write down a word, dividing it into syllables for transfer, put an emphasis, highlight an unstressed vowel.
Cor - res - pon - dent
- What spelling is found in the word? How do we transfer words with a doubled consonant?
- Explain who the correspondent is?
(The correspondent writes articles, notes in newspapers and magazines)
- What is the name of the correspondent who takes photographs for newspapers and magazines?
Come up with a sentence with the word correspondent.
(The correspondent wrote an interesting article.)
- Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence. Label the parts of speech above each word.
- What new words did you meet?
- How will you write them? Why?
Lesson topic message
- Who will formulate the topic of today's lesson?
(Spelling double (double) consonant. Generalization of the studied)
III Main stage
Generalize spelling of double consonant words
Work with text. Title of the text.
(Children have text on cards)
- Read the article that the correspondent wrote.
Think about how to prove that it is text.
Text is given on the interactive whiteboard.
“The gorge had an amazingly picturesque and festive look! The mountains forming it stood either as vertical walls or ran down in ledges. Despite the late autumn, it seemed as if you were driving through a fairy garden. The bottom of the gorge was a wide sandy road. On the sides of it grew groves of large poplars, intertwined with some kind of climbing plant. In some places there were plantings of luxurious dog-rose with thorns white, like the claws of a cat.
- What type is the text?
- What does the text say?
What is the topic of the text?
- Write down the title in a notebook.
In the text, words with missing letters. What rule do you need to know to spell words correctly?
Write out the words with the missing letters. Insert letters. Divide words into hyphenation syllables. Highlight the doubled consonants with one line.
- Find words with double consonants in the text.
Disassemble by composition.
(Sprinkled, long, story)
- How can words with double consonants be formed?
(With prefixes, suffixes)
- What other spelling is found in the text?
(Separating soft mark)
- Find the words for this rule in the text.
- Read the first sentence. Write off.
Gorge b f - 6 p., 6 stars
Gorge b e had oud and vitel b knife and vopisny and praz d personal vi d !
- What is this proposal for the purpose of the statement, for intonation?
- Determine the number of letters and sounds in the word gorge.
- What is the role of the separating soft mark in a word?
Find sentences in the text with a soft separator mark. Write off the sentences. Highlight spellings.
Bottom of the gorge b I am presented a vlyalo sh and rock d O horn, sprinkle nn uy n e skom.
According to Art oro us her p O if gru nn s large t O P O lei, entwined in some b ny p a stilenium.
- What rules were repeated in the lesson?
IV Creative stage
- Write down the words, dividing into syllables for hyphenation.
Employee of a newspaper, magazine.
(Cor - res - pon - dent)
Premises in the school.
Along the valleys, along the spurs
The wide road rushes
And she, as everyone knows,
Called (shos - se)
Along the road on the sides
Lindens, maples here and there.
It's more fun for everyone to go here
This path is called (al - leia)
(dres - si - rov - ka)
Drawings in a magazine, newspaper, book.
(ill - lu - stra - tions)
- Compose one word at a time for the schemes with double consonants.
The class has a cool elongated
VI Homework
Write out 10 words with double consonants from the dictionary.
Double Consonant Words Dictionary
(The object of our research will be words with double consonants at the root) And the etymological dictionary (show) will tell you from which word. Learn the words. Double consonants can be in the roots of: Russian words: reins, buzz,; loan words: certificate, terrace. Determine the producer.
Spelling of double consonants in a word - one of the words with double consonants should be remembered for. va with double consonants): Dictionary p. In 1990, in Moscow, the publishing house 'Russian language' published his dictionary - a reference book 'Words with double consonants'. Author of tutorials for. Double consonants are written when a prefix and a root are combined, if the prefix Double consonants are written when the constituent parts of compound-abbreviated words are combined, if one part ends, See dictionaries on Yandex. Double consonants in the root are most often found in borrowed words. Words are written with one consonant: acoustics DICTIONARIES in GRAMMA.
"Doubled consonant at the root of the word." 3rd grade. Presentation for the lesson. Download presentation (1.2 MB). Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the presentation options. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
The purpose of the lesson: the formation of the ability to designate long consonant sounds in writing with letters, to transfer words with double consonants. Educational. to familiarize students with the pronunciation and spelling of the most frequently used double-letter words; to acquaint with the origin of words; promote the development of phonemic hearing (the ability to highlight words with double consonants at the root in the text), enrich the vocabulary of children with words with double consonants, teach the exact use of words depending on their lexical meaning; develop memory, attention, thinking, observation, the ability to draw conclusions and generalize; develop communication skills through work in pairs and groups, assessment and self-assessment of activities;
Educational. foster interest in the Russian language, the need to use linguistic wealth; improve the ability to listen and hear, working in groups, foster mutual understanding and mutual assistance. educational teaching activity (game moment);. taking into account age characteristics. Organization and self-organization of educational and cognitive activities:
verbal (story, conversation); practical (exercises) research;. information and communicative. Stimulation and motivation (game moment, getting "5" when completing tasks). Control and self-control: oral and written
frontal and group; Student independence: under the guidance of a teacher independent educational activity. Teaching methods: observation of linguistic phenomena (comparison, identification). Equipment: interactive whiteboard, computer, presentation, cards for independent work, worksheets with assignments in groups, etymological dictionary, dictionary of foreign words. For students - cards "Research group No. 1", No. 2, No. 3; # 4; 2 squares - yellow and green (to evaluate your work in the lesson).
Type of lesson for educational purpose: lesson in the discovery of new knowledge. Lesson type: research lesson (problem-dialogical). Form of work: collective, in pairs, in groups. Organizing time. Motivation.
Calligraphy. Creation of a situation leading to the formulation of an educational task.
Introduction to the game plot. Work on the topic of the lesson. Physical education. Group work. Lesson summary. Reflection.
Homework. Questions and tasks: during the lesson. I. Organizational moment. Emotional attitude to the lesson.
- We are starting a Russian lesson. Tell the secrets of the word (SLIDE 3). I am always ready for you. But in class, be ready. - Guys, are you ready to make new discoveries? Then let's get to work. Writing the date of the lesson in the notebooks of the student.
- Open your notebooks, step back two lines from your homework, write down the number on the third. Today is the fourteenth of February.
Classwork. II.
Calligraphy. Knowledge update. (A minute of calligraphy becomes a "bridge" to the topic).
- Can we say that these are syllables? (No, they consist of two consonants, and the syllable must have a vowel). - What letter can be superfluous? (P - denotes a voiceless consonant sound). - Write down the connection data in your notebook in alphabetical order, observing the height of the letters and the slope. - In what order were the letters written? (l, m, n, p).
1) Where the blackboard and desks are. So that all the children sit down at once. 3) Along the road on the sides. Lindens, maples here and there.
It's more fun for everyone to walk here. This path is called ... (alley). - Look, what is interesting about these words, what is unusual about them. - Write these words in a notebook on the next line, separated by commas. - Underline the letters that are repeated in these words. III. Statement of the educational problem.
- Today we will go to a city called (SLIDE 5) DOUBLE CONSENT. Today you will be not just travelers, but researchers. - What do you think can be the object of research in this city? (The object of our research will be words with double consonants at the root). - What orthograms of the root do we know? (Unstressed vowel, paired consonant, unpronounceable consonant). - Is there a spelling rule for an unstressed vowel in the root of a word? (You can change the word so that it is stressed.)
For instance, …. - About the spelling of the paired consonant? (Change the word so that there is a vowel after it). For instance, …. - About an unpronounceable consonant? (Change the word so that the unpronounceable consonant is heard clearly). For instance, …. Problem question: How to check the spelling of words with a double consonant? (SLIDE 14). - How do we determine if a word is a resident of the city of Doubled consonants? (Children's assumptions).
- Is there a general rule about writing double consonants at the root of a word. - What do you need to be in order for your research to be successful? (Active, attentive, helping each other). - What goals should we set for ourselves? (Learn to write words with double consonants at the root of the word, learn to see them in the text). IV.
Physiotherapy for the eyes (SLIDE). V. Work on the topic of the lesson. 1. Exercise in spelling words with doubled consonants. Each group receives a leaflet with the following suggestions: Auditory dictation.
"Listen and tell." (The goal is to observe words that sound similar, to explain their spelling). Determination of the lexical meaning of words. - Determine by ear in which words, similar in sound, should write double consonants, and in which not. 1) If there are many (s, ss) ora in the house. May break out in the house (s, ss) ora.
- What are the similarities and differences between the words litter and quarrel? What is a synonym for the word litter. - Explain their meaning (litter - rubbish, quarrel - discord, disagreement).
Writing double consonants at the root of words
In Russian, in a number of words, there is a double spelling of consonants at the root.
Double consonants in words of primordial Russian origin
In words of primordial Russian origin, double consonants are written "Lzh" fundamentally:
These spellings should be distinguished from words in which a combination of consonants is written. "Zzh" sounding like a long [ f‘]:
At the root of these words, there is an alternation of combinations of consonants "Zg" and "Zzh":
Double "Ss" spelled in the roots of words "Ss ora", "ss orient", "ro ss ia", "ro ss ianin" and other words of the same root.
Spelling double consonants in compound words
Double consonants are written in compound words at the junction of the roots, if the first part of the word ends, and the second begins with the same consonant, for example:
ro dd om, head vv rach
If the stem of a word ends with writing double consonants, then two letters are also written in the derived word before the suffix, for example:
- gru pp a - gru pp ka;
- telegraph mm a - telegraph mm ka;
- ba ll - five-point;
- program mm a - program mm ka;
- compromise ss - compromise ss.
Exceptions
There are words in Russian spelling - exceptions to the rule of writing double consonants at the root of the word.
Word "Crystal" and all its derivatives have double consonant spellings "L":
krista ll ik, krista ll icic, krista ll iz,
crystal, crystal, crystal, crystal.
Let's continue this list of exclusion words:
In words borrowed from other languages, we remember the spelling of double consonants, for example:
driller, com m ersant, ss istent, and pp arat, te r r a, ball ada, e f ect, and nn ulyate, about pp sition, si mm etry, per he, st ll azh, res ss ora, te nn is, tro ll neybus.
In case of difficulty, we inquire about their spelling in the spelling dictionary.
It should be remembered that in the following loan words, only one consonant is written at the root of the word:
adres, aluminiy, actress, a tribut, a fera, balyustrada, business s, gallery, galeta, gumanism, galeria, desert, and mation, impre c ario, caloria, cavalieria, caricature, corridor, privilege, producer, rasa, ras ist, panorama, pu d ing etc.
Video tutorial “Words with doubled consonants. Wrap words with double consonants "
Double consonants. Words with double consonants.
In Russian, words with double consonants at the root are found quite often in foreign words, as well as in some Russian words. Most often in Russian words, a doubled consonant is found at the junction of a root and a suffix, as well as at the junction of a prefix and a root.
Double consonants in roots
In the roots of Russian words, only double consonants are used ss and lj ... There are few such words.
Letters ss written in a word argument and related words formed from it, for example: on ss yell, by ss orient; and also in words Ro ss and I(from outdated ross), ro ss Iysky, Beloru ss and I(but Rus, Belarusian).
Letters lj written in words in lj and, draw lj and, zhu lj oh, mo lj evelnik and related words derived from them, for example: zhu lj anie, mo lj evelovy... Letters lj are also written in words and forms derived from the verb burn (harness), For example: lj ene, co lj ienie, lj eat, lj no, with lj no.
Double consonants at the junction of a prefix and a root
Double consonants in Russian words are written at the junction of the prefix and the root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: be ss porno, in ss melting, in zz rhenium, by dd hold, oh tt exaggerate.
Notes:
1.With letters ss words formed from the root are written -check- using the prefix races -, For example: ra ss read, ra ss to read... Words with the same prefix and root - even - written with one With , For example: calculating(but countless, from without counting).
2. Double consonants can occur in suffixes and at the junction of a root and a suffix, for example: traditionally nn oh, unity nn oh, matro ss cue... We will consider these cases later.
Double consonants in foreign words
Most doubled consonants are found in foreign words, for example: appeal, intellectual, occupant... These words, like words with unverifiable spellings, need to be memorized. Below is a list of the most common double consonant words.
Words with double consonants
1. Replace the phrase with one word.
* Making drawings from glued or sewn-on pieces
paper, fabric.
* Device, technical device.
* Great desire to eat.
* Belts, ropes for riding horses.
* Substance from microscopic fungi that causes fermentation.
Words - helpers: a …… etit, in …… and, and …… arat, draw …… and, and …… elation.
2. Read the words. Write them alphabetically, separating them for transfer. How do you understand the expression "fresh press"?
Applique, trolley, press, hippo, tennis, score, comment, metals, shelving.
3. Read and guess the riddle.
Warm water splashes
in cast iron banks.
Guess, remember:
What is the sea in the room? (B__ __ ___ a,)
Write down the riddle and answer. The word with the doubled consonant was stripped for transfer.
Gru nn ah, gri nn, a nn arat, and nn lication, and nn etit, Fili nn.
Ho kk her, and kk urate, and kk ord.
Dro lj and, in lj and, zhu lj oh, mo lj evelnik.
To ll ektiv, and ll eya, Kiri ll, A ll a, e ll a, Ta ll in, mi ll ion, to ll section, and ll justice, and ll humination, meta ll, tro ll eibus, brie ll Iant, Chipo ll ino, mi ll imeter, vi ll a, b ll he.
Gras mm atica, telegra mm ah, su mm a, kilograms mm, gra mm, E mm a, ri mm a.
That nn a, wa nn and those nn is, A nn a, and nn a, but nn a, Zha nn a, Suza nn a, Ge nn adiy, ra nn oh, long nn oh, morning nn uh, wasp nn uh, weight nn oh, okay nn uk, odi nn twelve, foliage nn itza, colo nn a, ante nn a.
Ma ss ah, ka ss And what ss e, cla ss, pa ss azhir, komi ss and I, ss ora, ba ss ein, ra ss kaz, ra ss wet, cro ss, prof ss op, ru ss cue, cla ss hic, narci ss, claim ss your, Ro ss Oia, Novoro ss Iisk, Ode ss a, warm up ss, express ss, kompre ss, a ss istent, regi ss er, compromise ss, process ss.
Those pp itoria, ne pp he, those pp asa, to pp espondent to pp section, those pp op.
Su bb ota.
E ff ect, su ff X.
Ca cc a.
Charlot tt a.
5. Write down the words in alphabetical order: first the proper names, and then - the rest of the words. Underline doubled consonants and spelling - capital letters in proper names.
Platform, Inna, class, Alla, alley, Kirill, neat, Anna, Philip, hockey.
6. Stripped for transfer.
Alley, program, cavalry, highway, passenger, applique, buzzing, yeast, cashier, grammar, apparatus.
7. Read it. What topic are these words on? Compose and write down 3 sentences on the topic "At the train station". Highlight the doubled consonant.
Saturday, class, excursion, museum, station, ticket office, platform, tickets, electric train, carriages, passengers ..
8. Selective dictation. Write out the words with doubled consonants. Underline them.
In the Russian language lesson, the teacher Alla Sergeevna dictates words with doubled consonants. The guys write: balloon, certificate, collection, attraction. After the Russian language lesson, there will be a physical education lesson. The guys will run cross-country along the school alley.
(According to A. Foroschuk).
9. Underline double consonants. Form and write words to answer questions which? which? which? which?
Early - …………………, …………………., ……………… ...
Morning - …………………., …………………., ……………….. .
Spring - …………………., …………………., ……………….. .
1. It is early spring.
2. Saturday is a day off.
3. Anna has a good collection of butterflies.
4. In the morning they brought a telegram.
5. A group of children from our class visited the museum.
10. To write off the text, inserting, where necessary, the consonants H or HH.
The weight came ... ah. Snowdrops and other flowers appeared. Summer will pass. Ra will come ... ..the golden wasp ... b. Affectionately, the wasp will still shine ... ... its sun. But every day it will be colder, the first mornings will begin ... ..th frost.
Underline doubled consonants.
11. Read it. Make the correct combinations of words, write them down. Underline the doubled consonants.
class urgent
spelling amicable
difficult alley
shady program
familiar telegram.
Name the words that have a common element - "gram". What does it mean? What other words with this element do you know?
12. Insert the consonants ПП, КК, ЖЖ.
Gru ... ... a, draw ... ... and, ho ... ... her, gri ... ..., zhu ... ... at, and ... ... arat, and ... ... uratny, and ... ... lication, and ... ... hordes, mo ... ... evelnik, and …… etit, in …… and, Fili …….
13. Insert the consonants LL, MM, NN.
Dli …… th, gra …… atika, wa …… a, a …… her, Ri …… a, those …… is, Kiri ……, su …… a, A …… a, Ta …… in, Ge …… adiy, But …… a, mi …… ion, I …… a, co …… section, Zha …… a, A …… a, E …… a, Suza …… a, and …… ustration, odi …… adtsat, telegra …… a, meta ……, wasp …… nd, gri ……, tro… eibus, then …… a, and …… humination, weight …… nd, kilograms ……, morning …… nd, co …… ektiv, ra …… ud.
14. Insert the consonants CC, RR, BB, FF, TT, BB.
Ma …… a, ka …… a, sho …… e, Ode …… a, cla ……, pa …… azhir, Sa …… a, Komi …… .ya, ra …… vet, …… ora, su …… x, ba …… ein, ra …… kaz, those …… ace, cro ……, profe …… oh, those …… history, eh …… ect, ru …… cue, cla …… ik, sue… … Your, su …… ota, narci ……, Ro …… ia, Novoro …… isk, Charlot …… ah, ne …… he.
15. Guess riddles, write answers.
* As always, spiky and green,
I am quite similar to the Christmas tree.
But relatives, in fact,
Cypress and thuja to me.
(M - - - - - - - - - - -.)
* There is no fire on the river,
Burning over the river ……. ...
(R - - - - - -)
* What kind of room is this -
Very light, large,
Desks in even rows,
And at the desks - ourselves?
16. Vocabulary dictation.
Anna, bath, amount, weight, class, Russia, Russian, Alla, alley, group.
Cool, early, autumn, spring, morning, slow.
17. Write it down in one word.
1. Premises in the school (classroom).
2. Day of the week (Saturday).
3. A type of ball game (tennis).
4. Playing ice skating (hockey).
5. Place where tickets are sold (ticket office).
6. A road with rows of trees on the sides (alley).
7. Asphalt road (highway).
8. Female names (Alla, Anna, Rimma, Zhanna, Inna).
18. Vocabulary dictation.
Autumn day, spring wind, morning frost, early vegetables, Russian, cool magazine, Saturday night, eleven years old.
19. Selective dictations.
1. In the younger group, the jokes died down,
Lost appetite.
Mishutka got the flu -
The doctor threatens with vaccinations.
2. Inna got up slowly,
Hearing an early bird cry.
I yawned eleven times
I wiped my eyes sleepily,
After that I took a bath.
And of course I was late
On a spring matinee.
3. Saturday shady park
went to Alla Kirill, carried
stamps.
He looked through the collection
neat and in the morning
in the spring he carried them back.
20. Visual dictations.
1. The autumn wind rises in the forests,
Noisily walking through the thickets.
(I. Bunin)
2. Made a gray bunny
Ears too long.
(A. Barto)
3. The classroom is cozy, spacious
There is silence in the morning.
4. It was a merry day
In early spring.
5. On the wire lady
It goes like a telegram.
6. A lot of fun on the road
A passenger of about seven years old ...
7. The autumn moon is bright,
The lacy alley slumbers.
8. The school is quiet and light
At this early hour.
Through window glass
The branches are looking straight into the classroom.
(S. Marshak)
21. Creative dictations.
I. Compose with the given words and write down a story of 4-5 sentences.
Excursion.
Saturday, a group of children, class, museum, ticket office, cashier, tickets;
guide, interesting story;
rich collection.
About g about r about d.
Spring day; seedling; long beds; excellent harvest.
III. Form other words from these words so that they contain - НН-.
Autumn - autumn, spring, antiquity, length, stone, lemon, sleep, window, desert, horse.
22 Form and write adjectives.
Co …… section, gra …… atika, co …… section, tro …… eibus, mi …… ion.
23 Replace the phrase with one word.
* Acute viral disease.
* Man executive, keeping order in everything.
* Several objects or people located nearby
apart or connected together.
* Combination of several musical sounds of different heights
* Produce a monotonous rattling sound, whistling noise.
Words - helpers: a ... ... cool, gri ... ..., and ... ... hordes, zhu ... ... at, gru ... ... a.
24. Guess the riddles of Anatoly Arsiry. Speak the words of the answer by syllable, write it down. Designate a spelling. Divide the words - hyphenation clues. Make sentences with one of them and write them down.
1. I have two To, Do not forget,
like me, always be:
I am accurate, clean, and tidy,
in other words - …………… ..
2. He is always at the station,
trains are approaching him,
double R it contains
and is called ……………. ...
3. Simple riddle and easy:
I always write in two To ;
hit the ball and the puck with a club,
and I am called - ………… ..
25. Read the titles of the books. Do you know their authors? Which of these books are you already familiar with? Write down the names of the books (they are written in "quotes"), underline the doubled consonants.
"Rikki - Tikki - Tavi",
Peppy Long Stocking
"Winnie the Pooh and everything - everything - everything",
"The Adventures of Cipollino".
Hint: Rudyard Kipling, Astrid Lingren, Alan Milne, Gianni Rodari.
26. Insert doubled consonants.
Dli …… th, ro …… iyskoe, va …… chka, ma …… ovoe, and …… ordinary, ho …… einy, morning …… her, su …… otnik, ra …… yaya, and …… cute, gra …… atic, sgru …… were used, for er …… ect, classic …… icic, wasp… .y, weight …… yaya, ka …… new, sho …… eynaya, pa …… azhir, ra …… kaz , A…. Point.
27. Write down the words. Explain the spelling of one and two letters n.
Spring - spring, autumn - autumn, length - long, early - early, stone - stone, lemon - lemon, sleep - sleepy, telephone - telephone, window - window, fog - foggy, nebula.
28. Highlight the root and suffix. Explain the spelling of one and two letters n.
The horsemen, the desert, to the eggplant, behind the long, spring, on the wagon, in the stone, with the suitcase, spring, pasta, to the suitcase, from the balcony, lawn, in the booth, balcony.
29. Expand the brackets. Explain the spelling of one and or two n.
Beto (n, nn) oe, picture (n, nn) ka, empty (n, nn) aya, balo (n, nn) aya, ko (n, nn) b, telephon (n, nn), ra (n , nn) him, weight (n, nn) them, s diva (n, nn) s, makaro (n, nn) s, ose (n, nn) b, ra (n, nn) o, baraba (n, nn) oh, with limo (n, nn) ym, in kame (n, nn) ohm, balko (n, nn) chik, at weight (n, nn) it.
30. Remember all the passed words with doubled consonants LL, MM. Open parenthesis.
Ko (l, ll) ective, gra (m, mm) atika, a (l, ll) oe, a (l, ll) eya, Kiri (l, ll), po (l, ll) kovnik, telegra (m , mm) a, A (l, ll) a, co (l, ll) section, co (l, ll) onka, ki (ll, l) o (m, mm) eters, tra (mm, m) wai , Pu (m, mm) a, Di (mm, m) a.
31. Creative work.
Think up and write down the text of the telegram (1-2 sentences), include 1-2 words with double consonants in the root.
32. Read the names and surnames of famous foreign authors of literary tales. Name the famous fairy tales that these authors wrote. Write down, underline doubled consonants and spelling - capital letter in proper names and surnames.
The Brothers Grimm (Wilhelm and Jacob), Charles Perrault, Selma Ottilia Lagerlöf, Joel Harris.
33. Insert the missing letters.
Swimming ba ... ..ne, a huge one ... ... history, and ... ... a story to a fairy tale, a ... ... section of stamps, a friendly team ... ... an expert.
34. Write out words with doubled consonants from S. Bondarenko's couplet.
1. If there is a lot of litter in the house,
A quarrel may break out in the house.
2. Salt and cereals are required,
To cook porridge for the group.
3. Today there will be a "cinema panorama".
What an interesting program!
4. It is more pleasant to find a mushroom under the tree,
How to get a sore throat or flu.
Separate words with doubled consonants for hyphenation. In which couplets did you hear the same sounding words? How will you write them down? Explain.
35. Expand the brackets.
Cla (s, ss), ve (s, ss) na, pa (s, ss) azhir, mi (s, ss) iya, plya (s, ss) ka, co (s, ss) na, ba (s , ss) en, (s, ss) ofa, ra (s, ss) kaz, o (s, ss) en, ru (s, ss) cue, profe (s, ss) op, but (s, ss) ok, ka (s, ss) ka, ka (s, ss) a, try (s, ss) ka, sho (s, ss) e, nartsi (s, ss), Novoro (s, ss) iisk, Ro (s, ss) ia, Mo (s, ss) kva, anana (s, ss).
36. Form and write down adjectives.
Dro ... ... and, gru ... ... ah, ho ... ... her, ah ... ... ugliness.
Replace phrases with one word.
A person with a great inner culture.
Urgent message transmitted by telegraph.
Explanatory figure.
Mass units.
Decorative lighting of parks, streets, on the occasion of some celebration.
Help words: kilogra ..., gra ... ..., then ... ..a, telegra ... ... a, and ... ... humination, inte ... .. agent, and ... ... arrangement.
37. Creative dictations.
Class, excursion, group, autumn leaves, collection, story
Anna, telegram, cash desk, visit, spring flowers.
Make up sentences from the given words.
38. Educational dictations.
Our class was in the park yesterday. The autumn park is beautiful! The guys were collecting autumn leaves. In the Russian language lesson, they made up a story about autumn. (23 words)
Our class.
I am in the second grade. We have a friendly team. On Saturday, a group of children held a matinee. They wrote a story about this in a cool newspaper. (24 words)
39. Warning dictation with visual preparation.
Read it. What words have doubled consonants. ? Underline these consonants. What other spelling did you see? Label them. Take dictation.
1. Sharks in Africa, gorillas in Africa, big angry crocodiles in Africa…. (K. Chukovsky)
2. Here's a telegram from a hippo! (K. Chukovsky)
3. We have four Asis, four Vasis, five Marus and two Petrovs in the class. (A. Barto)
Open the book, check yourself.
40. Take dictation. Underline the doubled consonants.
The hippopotamus is a powerful animal.
His body weight is more than two tons.
And in one ton - a thousand kilograms.
And with such a weight, the hippopotamus is very fast
swims and dives well!
41. Explain the spelling of one and two letters.
I succumbed to my sister - went into the mountains, hold a hammer - support a friend, forge a document - do gymnastics, turn on the heat - submit an idea.
42. Open the brackets. Explain the spelling of one or two letters.
Be (s, zz) working, without (s, zz) scientific, pa (s, ss) pad, (s, ss) ode, by (d, dd) removable, pa (s, zz) adore, pa (s , ss) kaz, be (s, zz) bottom, (s, ss) ora, by (d, dd) aryt, pa (s, ss) olnik, o (t, tt) opt, s (t, tt) Ashil, ra (s, zz) burn, ra (s, ss) whirled, o (t, tt) ayat, be (s, ss) strong.
43. Write the same root words with one letter n
Early - ………, spring - …………, autumn - …………,
long - …………., foggy - …………….
44. The vowels have escaped from the words. Rebuild the words.
PP - gr ... pp ..., gr ... pp, ... pp ... r ... t, ... pp ... k ... c ..., ... pp ... t ... t, Phi ... l ... pp.
KK - x ... kk ... d, ... kk ... r ... tn ... y, ... kk ... rd.
LJ - dr ... lzh ..., in ... lzh ..., f ... lzh ... t, m ... lzh ... in ... flax ... to.
LL - k ... ll ... kt ... v, ... ll ... ..., K ... p ... ll, ... ll ..., T ... ll ... n, m ... ll ... ... n, k ... ll ... kts ... ..., ... ll ... p ... c ... .... ...
MM - g ... mm, t ... l ... g ... mm ..., s ... mm ..., to ... l ... g ... mm, R ... mm ....
BB - From ... centuries ...
TT - W ... rl ... tt ....
45. Selective dictation with preparation. Read it. Insert the missing letters, open the brackets. Designate spellings, explain spellings, write only words with a doubled consonant.
Dre (ss, s) Irovshchik and le ...
“What kind of meek: (without) a command - take a step….
This is how I tamed him, b .. uncle! "
So dre (ss, s) androvshchik (po) thought about l..ve
Le ... reasoned, by the way, like this:
“How brave! Do not ... itsya, h ... yes ...
If he were not so dexterous and daring,
I would have obliged it ... but with ... I ate! "
(A. Shibaev)
46. Page - test. Open the brackets.
Cla (s, ss), weight (nn, n) yaya, pa (s, ss) azhir, ka (s, ss) a, ose (nn) yaya, a (l, ll) eya, tro (ll, l ) eibus, do (k, kk) tor, balaga (nn, n), ra (n, nn) iy, ra (n, nn) ka, co (l, ll) section, ra (s, zz) weighted, Ro (s, ss) iya, yo (nn,) iy, (s, ss) ora, ode (s, ss) a,
kame (n, nn) oe, makaro (n, nn) oe.
47. Precautionary dictation with a continuation. Visual preparation. Read the text. Find words with a doubled consonant at the root of the word. What other spelling did you find in the text? Explain the spelling.
In one zoo, a small gorilla refused food. The director of the zoo volunteered to save the animal.
Every day in front of the cage, he ate a delicious lunch with gusto. Soon the monkey began to imitate man.
And the director is now losing weight.
(based on materials from the magazine "Klepa")
Record the text under dictation. Label all familiar spellings. Come up with a continuation of the text of 1-2 sentences. Include the word in it kilogram. Check it out.
48. Dictation - text.
In su bb oo ra nn im in the morning A ll and Kiri ll ova walked along a narrow path near a kk urate green fence. Behind the bushes of mo lj Evelnik showed meta ll The natural roof of a country house. Soon A ll and married those pp Itoria of the village of Chashniki and walked along the banks of the Smorodinka River. Ma grew in the meadow ss but flowers. Zhu lj Ali bees. The meadow seemed beautiful a nn lication or colorful and ll with a yustration from a children's book. There was a gru nn and weeping willows with a length nn th flexible branches. A ll and dived into the water. Rose mi ll spray ion. Good morning nn no bathing! (72 words)
If the student made mistakes in the selected spelling, then there are gaps in the study of the topic "Doubled consonants". To eliminate them, it is necessary to continue performing the exercises on this topic.
49. Guess riddles and write answers.
Christmas tree or not a tree?
The needle is green
And not at all a splitting! (L - - - - - - - - - -.)
I become myself in captivity of the fire.
There would be no world without me
No bicycles, no machines
No cars, no skates. (M - - - - -.)
A steeplejack stands on the roof
And catches news for us. (A - - - - - - .)
This eye is a special eye
He will quickly look at you -
And will be born
The most accurate portrait of you. (Ф - - - - - - - - - -.)
50. Replace words with opposite words with double consonants.
Sloppy, tasteless, evening, sunset, late.
Words are helpers: in the morning… .y, ah… ..your, ra… ..y, and… ..young, ra… ..yet.
51. Dictation is preparation.
Case.
On a ll her in the bushes mo lj An old pine tree has fallen on Evelnik. How to remove it a kk good? She has nn th trunk. She weighs more then nn s. Ra nn im weight nn im in the morning kiri ll and Ge nn The adiy took a saw and began to cut the tree. In the meadow zhu lj or the first insects. By sho ss e rare cars drove by. Kiri ll and Ge nn adiy sawed a tree and removed it from a ll ei. Ma remained ss and sawdust. Sawers a kk removed those pp Itoria.
If the student made mistakes in the selected spelling, he needs to write out the words in which mistakes were made and pick up the same root for them.
52. Dictation is a test.
Autumn time.
Days of ra nn her autumn in Ro ss ui are very beautiful. In the morning, fog spreads over the nn oh valley. Ma ss and bright leaves cover the grass, paths, paths, and ll ei, sho ss e. Mi ll leaves ions still remain on the branches. Wasp in the sun nn ya foliage, how wonderful and ll humination. At the edge of the forest grows nn and green trees. YU nn aty e mm a, Zha nn a, and Ca cc but on those pp forest school history kk foliage is removed. Kiri's friends on the playground ll and Fili nn play those nn is. For nn on winter evenings they will play ho kk her. (74 words)
If the student made more than four mistakes in the spelling of a doubled consonant, then it is necessary to repeat the rules and perform the exercises.
