The maintenance of apartment buildings provides for the implementation of measures aimed at the technical maintenance of the satisfactory condition of the property. This area is regulated by town planning acts and regulations, which establish lists of works and related repair and restoration operations. At the same time, the nature of such events may be different, therefore, one should separate the capital and Maintenance, although they have a lot in common. For an ordinary housing user, understanding the intricacies of home repair is important both in terms of their own safety with the ease of use of the house, and economically.
General information about renovation of buildings
To understand the essence of current repairs and the aspects that distinguish it from major repairs, consideration of the issue should begin in a broader vein. So, the repair of buildings is primarily a process of changing the technical parameters of an object and related systems and assemblies in order to improve its operational characteristics. That is, current repair is, in some way, an improvement in the condition of the building within the limits of acceptable capabilities. At the same time, such events should not be confused with restoration.
The very process of changing the technical data of a building may include different types works, and not only repair, but also construction. The fact is that the restoration of buildings, structures and structures often entails a complete revision of one or another part - for example, it may be necessary to perform finishing works"From scratch", replacement of roofing or renewal of electrical wiring. It is impossible to strictly qualify such operations as repair operations, since in construction they also require the involvement of the same resources and financial costs. And yet it cannot be said that current repairs are construction in the literal sense. Only in part, these concepts are linked, but their goals and purposes are different. In construction, the task is to build a house, and when performing repairs, to bring the characteristics of the object to its original state. Another thing is that the means of achieving such goals in both cases can overlap.
Definition of maintenance
Now you can come to a clearer definition of ongoing repairs. According to regulatory enactments, this is a set of measures, the purpose of which is to restore the operational characteristics of a building by replacing or technical renewal of the resource of its constituent parts. A feature of such repairs is the use of minimal (in comparison with overhaul) technical means and financial costs. In other words, current repairs are the planned execution of technical operations aimed at restoring a house that does not have serious violations. That is, the teams performing such repairs do not affect the construction of the capital elements of the building, and they intervene in engineering systems with restrictions. However, in practice, there is no strict delineation of the field of activity of specialists - especially in cases where the process of restoring one structure inevitably entails the need to repair an adjacent system.
List of work activities
The designation of specific work activities allows you to more accurately determine the areas to which current home repairs apply. In particular, it assumes the following operations:
- Operations to restore the performance of ventilation communications in the basement.
- Strengthening the foundation, which often also provides for the elimination of local deformation processes.
- Reinforcement of ceilings, painting, elimination of minor defects and damages, partial restoration of individual finishing components.
- Strengthening the roof truss structure, replacing drainage communications, eliminating defects in roofing, revision and, if necessary, repair of ventilation and insulation systems, as well as antiseptic treatment.
- Insulation at wall joints, replacement of individual cladding sections, repair of architectural components, technical restoration of facades and painting.
- Replacement or restoration of elements of flooring, staircases, loggias, entrances.
- Restoration or replacement of individual components of doors and windows. However, the maintenance work in this case does not affect the expansion of the openings.
- Restoration of the original appearance of the interior decoration;
- Elimination of malfunctions in furnaces, repair operations in water supply and heating systems.
- Recovery of garbage chutes.
- Restoration and, if necessary, installation of ventilation and power supply components.
- Improvement of the adjacent territory: restoration of paths, sidewalks, fences, etc.
- It is also possible to carry out special repair operations to eliminate malfunctions in equipment that is part of the infrastructure of the house.
What is taken into account when drawing up a list of works?
In each case, a certain set of repair actions can be envisaged that will improve the technical condition of the object. The formation of such lists of works is based on the results of the inspection of buildings. In particular, the state of structural elements, building systems, etc. is checked. But it is important not to forget that current repairs are an urban planning code in real technical performance, therefore, both at the stage of work execution and in the process of object inspection, authorized contractors must perform their functions in accordance with certain standards. This especially applies to situations when equipment, communication network or structural element is deemed unsuitable for further operation. As a rule, such decisions are made after appropriate expert examinations.
Major overhaul
Under the overhaul, a wider range of technical operations is envisaged, which are also aimed at restoring the original operational characteristics of the house. The range of measures in this case can affect more responsible and structurally important elements of the building. However, overhaul also has its limitations. In particular, it does not apply to load-bearing structures. But, unlike current repairs, such activities may include work on the complete restoration of engineering and technical infrastructure. These can be heating networks, water supply networks, etc. Although both major and current repairs involve the elimination of faults in engineering and technical communications, the levels and scope of work activities are different for them. It is also important to note the features of the overhaul in relation to linear objects. Tasks in such cases are also aimed at restoring the previous state of health of buildings, but at the same time, changing the category and class of an object is not allowed.
Overhaul works
On many points, you can find the measures already mentioned, but it is important to understand that the overhaul is more in-depth and thorough. At the same time, current repairs are largely partial and superficial restoration. technical condition building. So, overhaul includes the following operations:
- Refurbishment work in relation to building engineering systems. This item includes communications for electricity, gas, water supply.
- Replacement or repair of risers and highways, as well as sewage elements.
- Repair and, if necessary, complete replacement of elevator shafts and related equipment.
- Roof restoration, including replacement, sealing and insulation of roof coverings.
- Renovation of basements, which are included in the list of property of the house.
- A wide range of facade finishing works, including thermal insulation.
- Installation of collective metering devices and control systems.
It is also worth noting that if the current repair of a house excludes the modernization of central heating and water supply networks, then in the list of overhaul works this is one of the most demanded areas. However, there are many other differences that should be considered separately.
Differences between current and overhaul
It should be noted right away that there is no clear border between these types of repairs. Moreover, responsible persons often issue one form of repair for another. Nevertheless, a number of fundamental differences can be found if we consider specific situations. For example, current repairs are mainly measures to keep the equipment and structures of the house in good working order. Overhaul may involve a complete renovation or restoration of engineering systems, roofs, and so on, while the current one involves only partial and superficial restoration. In the case of roofing, this can be a patch or replacement of a roofing element.
The differences are most noticeable in dealing with engineering systems and critical structural elements. The same operations with electrical wiring or gas supply are carried out only as part of a major overhaul, although current activities may include the repair of some units and components. If it comes about working with architectural elements buildings, then, as a rule, one cannot do without large-scale interference in the structure and external decoration.
There are also differences of another kind - economic. Apart from the fact that overhaul is more expensive for obvious reasons, it has a different classification of costs. To understand the difference in this aspect, one should deal with the question: are current repairs direct or indirect costs? Since payment for it is included in the general list of utilities, costs of this kind will be indirect. However, overhaul is a separate item, therefore, the payment for it will be direct, although also with some conventions.
Who is doing the repairs?
Since the repair can be carried out in relation to different objects, then the schemes of its organization are different. The most common model is when both current and major repairs are carried out by the management company. That is, an agreement is concluded with a specialized organization that takes responsibility for maintaining an acceptable technical condition of the house. However, the costs of such services are paid by the tenants. At the same time, if the tenant of the housing has to pay for the current repairs, then the responsibility for paying for the overhaul rests with the owner. This is the main difference in terms of financial support for these activities. In addition, the owners' partnership can act as the organizer of the repair, which, however, can also hire contractors for a one-time performance of the work.
The category of major and current repairs also includes work inside the apartment. In contrast to the work activities carried out in relation to the common property of the house, in this case, an individual organization of repairs is assumed. This difference will help answer an important question: is current repair a service or a job? As you can see, it can be both a service from the management company, and directly work activities that the owner implements without outside help.
Renovation and investment
From the point of view of accounting, it is customary to designate repairs as an expense item. That is, it does not apply to capital investments. At the same time, there are common forms of repair that can be attributed to an investment. In particular, these are modernization, reconstruction and technical re-equipment. The difference in such qualifications is easy to understand - activities that will further affect the economic well-being of the facility are classified as capital investment. For example, if during reconstruction the area of a building was increased, then this will undoubtedly increase its attractiveness on the market in relation to the period of its initial state. In some forms, maintenance is also a capital investment, but only in the long term through accounting depreciation. The same applies to overhaul, even to a greater extent, since it involves a deeper intervention in changing the operational parameters of the facility.
But why then do experts not recognize such repairs as capital investments? An example of the same reconstruction can be given for an answer. Such work can radically improve the characteristics of a building by adding or introducing new structural elements, while current or major repairs only return the object to its original technical condition.
Conclusion
Maintaining the operational condition of any building is the primary goal in its technical maintenance. It is this aspect that is important to take into account in answering the following question: current repair - what is it? First of all, it is a means of increasing the reliability of an object. For this, specialists strengthen structures, restore the integrity of floors, renew partitions, etc. Also, the aesthetic expediency of carrying out repairs cannot be ruled out. In this part, one can note the design of the facades, the improvement of the adjacent area, the renewal of the facing materials and other types of work. By the way, in this part the overhaul is not presented as widely as the current one. But only in a complex, both types of repair measures provide buildings with durable and safe operation.
Repair work, as a rule, depending on the frequency of carrying out, is divided into two types: maintenance and overhaul.
List of overhaul works
Lists of types of overhaul works are contained in departmental acts (Provisions, Norms and Rules .., Instructions, Recommendations, etc.). These lists of types of work vary depending on the type of capital construction object, its purpose.
The types of work are given in the annexes to the departmental regulations, the texts of which are given in the attachment to this publication:
Appendix 8. List of works on capital repairs of buildings and structures ( Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee of December 29, 1973 N 279 "On Approval of the Regulations on the Preventive Maintenance of Industrial Buildings and Structures" (together with "MDS 13-14.2000 ..."))
Appendix N 8. An approximate list of works performed during the overhaul of the housing stock ( Resolution of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On the approval of the Rules and regulations technical operation housing stock ")
Appendix 9. List of works on capital repairs of buildings and structures ( Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia of September 28, 2001 N 276 (as amended on January 24, 2006) "On approval of instructions for the technical operation of buildings and structures of institutions of the penal system")
Table 2.3. The list of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings to be included in the scope of work financed from the funds provided Federal law N 185-FZ ( )
Definition of the concept of "overhaul" in the normative legal act
Major overhaul - repairs carried out to restore the technical and economic characteristics of the object to values close to the design values, with the replacement or restoration of any component parts ( Order of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of 13.12.2000 N 285 "On Approval of the Standard Instruction for the Technical Operation of Heating Networks of Communal Heat Supply Systems").
Major overhaul- carrying out a complex of construction work and organizational and technical measures to eliminate physical and moral deterioration, not associated with a change in the main technical and economic indicators of the building and functional purpose, providing for the restoration of its resource with partial replacement, if necessary, of structural elements and systems of engineering equipment, as well as improvement performance indicators ( Decree of the Government of Moscow of July 30, 2002 N 586-PP (as amended on December 23, 2015) "On approval of the Regulation on a unified procedure for pre-design and design preparation of the construction of engineering communications, structures and road transport facilities in the city of Moscow").
Overhaul of capital construction objects(except for linear objects) - replacement and (or) restoration of building structures of capital construction objects or elements of such structures, with the exception of load-bearing building structures, replacement and (or) restoration of engineering and technical support systems and networks of engineering and technical support of capital construction facilities, or their elements, as well as the replacement of individual elements of supporting building structures with similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) the restoration of these elements ( (as amended on 06/18/2017)
Overhaul of buildings and structures
Overhaul of buildings and structures include work on restoration or replacement separate parts buildings (structures) or entire structures, parts and engineering equipment due to their physical wear and tear and destruction into more durable and economical ones that improve their performance ( Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 05.03.2004 N 15/1 (as amended on 16.06.2014) "On the approval and implementation of the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products in the territory Russian Federation"(together with" MDS 81-35.2004 ... ")).
Overhaul of the building- a set of construction and organizational and technical measures to eliminate physical and functional (moral) wear and tear, which do not involve changes in the main technical and economic indicators of a building or structure, including, if necessary, the replacement of individual or all structural elements (with the exception of irreplaceable ones) and engineering systems equipment with their modernization. Overhaul does not extend the service life of buildings, since it is determined by the most durable elements that cannot be replaced during repair ( "Methodological recommendations for the formation of the scope of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings financed from the funds provided for by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 N 185-FZ" On the Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services "(approved by the State Corporation" Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services " 02/15/2013)
Overhaul of an apartment building
Major overhaul apartment building - carrying out and (or) provision of works and (or) services provided for by this Federal Law for eliminating faults of worn out structural elements of the common property of owners of premises in an apartment building (hereinafter referred to as common property in an apartment building), including for their restoration or replacement, in in order to improve the performance of common property in an apartment building ( Article 2 of the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 N 185-FZ (as amended on June 23, 2016) "On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of the Housing and Communal Services").
Overhaul of the common property of an apartment building: a set of works (services) for the replacement and (or) restoration (repair) of the bearing and (or) functional capacity of structures, parts, engineering and technical support systems, individual elements of the bearing structures of an apartment building that have lost during operation, to similar or other improving indicators up to their standard state, when the volume of such work exceeds the current repair ( )
Overhaul types
Complex and selective overhaul
Overhaul is subdivided into complex overhaul and selective overhaul.
a) is a repair with the replacement of structural elements and engineering equipment and their modernization. It includes works covering the entire building as a whole or its individual sections, which compensates for their physical and functional wear and tear.
b) is a repair with full or partial replacement of individual structural elements of buildings and structures or equipment, aimed at full reimbursement of their physical and partially functional wear and tear.
Attribution to the type of overhaul depends on the technical condition of the buildings scheduled for repair, as well as the quality of their layout and the degree of internal improvement ( "Methodological recommendations for the formation of the scope of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings financed from the funds provided for by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 N 185-FZ" On the Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services "(approved by the State Corporation" Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services " 02/15/2013))
Complex overhaul: replacement, restoration and (or) repair of the common property of an apartment building or its individual parts, made in relation to most of the common property of an apartment building ( "GOST R 51929-2014. National standard of the Russian Federation. Services of housing and communal services and management of apartment buildings. Terms and definitions" (approved and put into effect by the Order of Rosstandart dated 11.06.2014 N 543-st)
Complex overhaul- covers all elements of the building, provides for the simultaneous restoration of all worn out structural elements, engineering equipment and an increase in the degree of improvement of the building as a whole, eliminates physical and moral deterioration. Carrying out the next comprehensive overhaul of a building or structure is inappropriate in cases where the demolition or transfer of buildings or structures is planned in connection with the upcoming construction of another building or structure on the site they occupy, reconstruction of the building is supposed, the dismantling of the building is planned due to general dilapidation. In these cases, work should be carried out to maintain the structures of the building or structure in a condition that ensures their normal operation during the appropriate period (before demolition or reconstruction) ( )
Selective overhaul: replacement (restoration) of the common property of an apartment building or its individual parts, carried out in relation to a smaller part (some parts) of the common property of an apartment building ( "GOST R 51929-2014. National standard of the Russian Federation. Services of housing and communal services and management of apartment buildings. Terms and definitions" (approved and put into effect by the Order of Rosstandart dated 11.06.2014 N 543-st)
Selective overhaul- covers individual structural elements of a building or its engineering equipment, while eliminating physical wear and tear of individual elements and technical systems building. Selective overhaul is carried out in cases where a comprehensive overhaul of a building can cause serious interference in the operation of the facility, with significant wear of individual structures that threatens the safety of the remaining parts of the building, with the economic inexpediency of carrying out a comprehensive overhaul according to the restrictions given in the definition of a comprehensive overhaul ( Resolution of the Moscow Government dated 09.29.2010 N 849-PP (as amended on 07.07.2015) "On approval of the Regulations for the overhaul of real estate objects owned by the city of Moscow and transferred to trust management")
Emergency overhaul- repair or replacement of all structural elements, devices, systems of engineering equipment that have failed due to accidents, natural disasters, terrorist acts and vandalism ( Resolution of the Moscow Government dated 09.29.2010 N 849-PP (as amended on 07.07.2015) "On approval of the Regulations for the overhaul of real estate objects owned by the city of Moscow and transferred to trust management")
Overhaul of external engineering communications
For overhaul of external engineering communications and improvement facilities include work on the repair of water supply networks, sewerage, heat and gas supply and power supply, landscaping of courtyards, repair of paths, driveways and sidewalks, etc. ( Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 05.03.2004 N 15/1 (as amended on 16.06.2014) "On the approval and implementation of the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation" (together with "MDS 81-35.2004 ...")
Overhaul of roads
Overhaul of the road- a set of works on the replacement and (or) restoration of structural elements of the highway, road structures and (or) their parts, the performance of which is carried out within the established permissible values and technical characteristics of the class and category of the highway and during which the structural and other characteristics of reliability are affected and safety of the motor road and the boundaries of the right-of-way of the motor road ( Art. 3 of the Federal Law of 08.11.2007 N 257-FZ (as amended on 07.02.2017) "On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation")
Overhaul of the road surface- a complex of works in which the complete restoration and improvement of the working capacity of the pavement and pavement, roadbed and road structures is carried out, worn structures and parts are replaced or replaced with the most durable and durable ones, the geometric parameters of the road are increased taking into account the growth of traffic intensity and axial loads cars within the limits corresponding to the category established for the road being repaired, without increasing the width of the roadbed along the main length of the road ( Order of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region of June 29, 2015 N 125-RV "On Approval of the Rules for Improvement of the Territory of the Balashikha Urban District of the Moscow Region")
The term of the overhaul. Reasonable time
The timing of the overhaul is either established by the parties, or established by regulatory legal acts(NPA). In the absence of an indication of the timing of the repair in the contract or normative act, then it is carried out within a reasonable time.
The concept of a "reasonable time" is traditional for civil law and is mentioned repeatedly in the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (see Art. 314 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, in relation to pledge relations - clause 4 of Art. 345, clause 1 of Art. 358 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
A reasonable time frame for major repairs depends on the condition of the property, its properties, climate characteristics, features of major repairs, technical capabilities and other reasons.
In addition, the normative legal act may provide for both specific terms for the repair, and the procedure for determining them, and the frequency of certain types of repair work may be established.
Investments:
; Appendix 8 to the Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of 12/29/1973 N 279 "On Approval of the Regulations on the Preventive Maintenance of Industrial Buildings and Structures" (together with "MDS 13-14.2000 ...")
Appendix 8
SCROLL
WORKS ON CAPITAL REPAIRS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
A. BUILDINGS
I. Foundations
1. Changing wooden chairs or replacing them with stone or concrete pillars.
2. Partial re-laying (up to 10%), as well as reinforcement of stone foundations and basement walls, not associated with the building superstructure or additional loads from newly installed equipment.
3. Restoration of vertical and horizontal insulation of foundations.
4. Restoration of the existing blind area around the building (more than 20% of the total area of the blind area).
5. Renovation of existing drains around the building.
6. Change of single collapsing stone and concrete pillars.
II. Walls and columns
1. Sealing cracks in brick or stone walls with clearing furrows, with bandaging seams with old masonry.
2. Installation and repair of structures that strengthen stone walls.
3. Re-laying of dilapidated brick cornices, lintels of pit parapets and protruding parts of the walls.
4. Re-laying and repair of separate dilapidated sections of stone walls up to 20% of the total volume of masonry, not associated with the building superstructure or additional loads from newly installed equipment.
5. Reinforcement of reinforced concrete and stone columns with clips.
6. Repair and partial replacement (up to 20% of the total volume) of columns, not associated with additional loads from the newly installed equipment.
7. Change of aggregates in walls with stone, reinforced concrete and metal frames (up to 40%).
8. Change of dilapidated crowns of log or cobbled walls (up to 20% of the total surface of the walls).
9. Solid prokonopatka log or cobblestone walls.
10. Partial change of cladding, backfill and slab heaters of frame walls (up to 50% of the total wall area).
11. Change or repair of plating and insulation of wooden plinths.
12. Repair of stone plinths of wooden walls with their re-laying up to 50% of the total volume.
13. Repositioning and replacement of worn-out clamps of log and cobbled walls.
III. Partitions
1. Repair, change and replacement of worn out partitions with more progressive designs of all types of partitions.
2. During the overhaul of partitions, partial redevelopment is allowed with an increase in the total area of partitions no more than 20%.
IV. Roofs and coverings
1. Change of dilapidated wooden roof trusses or their replacement with prefabricated reinforced concrete.
2. Complete or partial replacement of dilapidated metal and reinforced concrete trusses, as well as replacement of metal trusses with prefabricated reinforced concrete trusses.
3. Strengthening of trusses when replacing the types of coverings (replacing wood slabs with prefabricated reinforced concrete, cold coverings with warm ones, etc.), when suspending lifting devices, as well as during corrosion of units and other elements of metal and prefabricated reinforced concrete trusses.
4. Partial or complete change of rafters, mauerlats and battens.
5. Repair of supporting structures of skylights.
6. Repair of devices for opening the bindings of skylights.
7. Partial or complete replacement of worn-out elements of coatings, as well as replacing them with more progressive and durable ones.
8. Partial (over 10% of the total roof area) or continuous change or replacement of all types of roofing.
9. Reconstruction of roofs in connection with the replacement of the roofing material.
10. Partial or complete replacement of wall gutters, slopes and covers of chimneys and other protruding devices above the roof.
V. Interfloor ceilings and floors
1. Repair or change of interfloor floors.
2. Replacement of individual structures or floors as a whole with more progressive and durable structures.
3. Reinforcement of all types of interfloor and attic floors.
4. Partial (more than 10% of the total floor area in the building) or complete replacement of all types of floors and their bases.
5. Reorganization of floors during repairs with replacement for stronger and more durable materials. In this case, the type of floors must comply with the requirements of the norms and technical conditions for new construction.
Vi. Windows, doors and gates
1. Complete replacement of dilapidated window and door blocks, as well as the gates of industrial buildings.
Vii. Stairs and porches
1. Partial or complete change of landings, ramps and porches.
2. Change and strengthening of all types of stairs and their individual elements.
VIII. Internal plastering, facing
and painting work
1. Renewal of plaster of all premises and repair of plaster in the amount of more than 10% of the total plastered surface.
2. Change of wall cladding in the amount of more than 10% of the total area of the faced surfaces.
3. Continuous anti-corrosion painting of metal structures.
IX. Facades
1. Repair and renewal of cladding with an area of more than 10% of the coated surface.
2. Full or partial (more than 10%) renewal of plaster.
3. Complete renewal of rods, cornices, belts, sandrids, etc.
4. Renewal of stucco details.
5. Solid color with stable compounds.
6. Cleaning the facade with sandblasting machines.
7. Change of balcony slabs and railings.
8. Change of coatings of protruding parts of the building.
1. Complete re-laying of all types of heating stoves, chimneys and their foundations.
2. Re-equipment of furnaces for burning coal and gas in them.
3. Complete re-laying of cookers.
XI. Central heating
1. Change of individual sections and units of heating boilers, boilers, boiler units or complete replacement of boiler units (in the event that the boiler unit is not an independent inventory item).
2. Repair and replacement of expanders, condensation traps and other network equipment.
3. Repair and relocation of foundations for boilers.
4. Automation of boiler rooms.
5. Transfer from stove heating to central heating.
6. Change of heating registers.
7. Connection of buildings to heating networks (with a distance from the building to the network no more than 100 m).
XII. Ventilation
1. Partial or complete change of air ducts.
2. Change of fans.
3. Rewind or change electric motors.
4. Change of gates, deflectors, throttle valves, blinds.
5. Partial or complete change of ventilation ducts.
6. Change of heaters.
7. Change of heating units.
8. Change of filters.
9. Change of cyclones.
10. Change of individual chamber designs.
XIII. Plumbing and sewerage
1. Partial or complete change of the pipeline inside the building, including water supply and sewerage outlets.
XIV. Hot water supply
1. Change of coils and boilers.
2. Change of the pipeline, parts and pumping units in general, tanks and pipeline insulation.
XV. Electric lighting and communication
1. Change of worn out sections of the network (more than 10%).
2. Change of safety guards.
3. Repair or restoration of cable channels.
4. During major overhaul of the network, it is allowed to replace the luminaires with other types (conventional ones with fluorescent ones).
B. BY STRUCTURES
XVI. Water supply and sewerage facilities
a) Pipelines and network fittings
1. Partial or complete replacement of the anticorrosive insulation of the pipeline.
2. Change of individual sections of the pipeline (due to pipe wear) without changing the diameter of the pipes. At the same time, it is allowed to replace cast-iron pipes with steel ones, ceramic ones with concrete or reinforced concrete ones and vice versa, but it is not allowed to replace asbestos-cement pipes with metal ones (except in emergency cases).
3. Replacement of worn fittings, valves, fire hydrants, plungers, valves, water columns or their repair with replacement of worn out parts.
4. Change of individual siphon pipes.
b) Wells
1. Repair of the cage of wells.
2. Change of hatches.
3. Stuffing the trays again to replace the destroyed ones.
4. Replacement of worn-out wooden wells.
5. Renewal of plaster.
c) Water intakes and hydraulic structures
1. Dams, dams, waterways, canals
1. Change or replacement of fastening of banks or slopes in the amount of up to 50%.
2. Replenishment of swollen slopes of earthen structures.
3. Change of ryazh.
4. Renewal of the protective layer in the underwater parts of reinforced concrete structures.
5. Change of gratings and nets.
6. Repair and replacement of panel gates.
2. Water wells
1. Construction and dismantling of an oil rig or installation and dismantling of an inventory rig.
2. Cleaning the well from collapses and silting.
3. Removing and installing a new filter.
4. Casing the well with a new casing string.
5. Replacement of water and air pipes.
6. Recovery of the well flow rate by torpedoing or flushing with hydrochloric acid.
7. Cementation of the annular space and drilling out of cement.
d) Treatment facilities
1. Repair and replacement of completely waterproofing.
2. Repair and renewal of plaster and ironwork.
3. Transfer brick walls and partitions up to 20% of the total volume of masonry in the structure.
4. Sealing leaks in reinforced concrete, concrete and stone walls and floors of structures with concrete dismantling in separate places and concreting again.
5. Continuous gunning of the walls of structures.
6. Repair of drainage around structures.
7. Replacement of tank hatches.
8. Replacing the grilles.
9. Replacing the loading of filters, biofilters, aerofilters.
10. Change of filter plates.
11. Replacement of pipelines and fittings.
12. Re-laying of the drainage system of the sludge platforms.
XVII. Heating
a) Channels and cameras
1. Partial or complete change of coverings of channels and chambers.
2. Partial or complete change of waterproofing of channels and chambers.
3. Partial re-laying of the walls of brick channels and chambers (up to 20% of the total surface of the walls).
4. Partial relocation of drainage systems.
5. Repair of the bottoms of canals and chambers.
6. Renewal of the protective layer in the reinforced concrete structures of channels and chambers.
7. Change of hatches.
b) Pipelines and fittings
1. Partial or complete replacement of the thermal insulation of the pipeline.
2. Renewal of the waterproofing of the pipeline.
3. Change of individual sections of the pipeline (due to pipe wear) without increasing the diameter of the pipes.
4. Change of fittings, valves, expansion joints or their repair with replacement of worn out parts.
5. Replacement of movable and fixed supports.
XVIII. Access and in-plant railways
a) Subgrade
1. Widening of the subgrade in places of insufficient width to normal size.
2. Treatment of the subgrade in places of landslides, erosion, landslides, abysses.
3. Restoration of all drainage and drainage devices.
4. Restoration of all protective and strengthening structures of the roadbed (sodding, paving, retaining walls).
5. Restoration of regulatory structures.
6. Correction, filling of bridge cones.
7. Change of individual structures of artificial structures or their replacement with other structures, as well as a complete change of pipes and small bridges (if they are not independent inventory objects, but are part of the subgrade).
b) Track superstructure
1. Cleaning the ballast layer or renewing the ballast with bringing the ballast prism to the dimensions established by the standards for of this type paths.
2. Change of unusable sleepers.
3. Change of worn out rails.
4. Change of unusable fasteners.
5. Straightening curves.
6. Repair of turnouts with replacement of individual elements and transition bars.
7. Change of turnouts.
8. Repair of the bridge deck.
9. Changing the flooring of level crossings or replacing wood with reinforced concrete.
c) Artificial structures (bridges, tunnels, pipes)
1. Partial change of elements or complete replacement of worn out superstructures.
2. Partial re-laying of stone and brick supports (up to 20% of the total volume).
3. Repair of concrete supports (up to 15% of the total).
4. Shotcrete or grouting of the support surface.
5. The device on the supports of reinforcing reinforced concrete shells (shirts).
6. Repair or complete replacement of insulation.
7. Change of bridge beams.
8. Change of anti-theft bars.
9. Change of wood flooring.
10. Change of flooring from reinforced concrete slabs.
11. Change of counter rails.
12. Replacement of damaged elements of wooden bridges, excluding piles.
13. Replacement of wooden packages with reinforced concrete spans.
14. Partial re-laying of stone and brickwork of the arches and walls of the tunnels.
15. Injection of cement mortar behind the lining of the tunnel.
16. Repair and replacement of drainage devices in tunnels.
17. Repositioning the head of the pipes.
18. Change of elements of wooden pipes (up to 50% of the volume of wood).
19. Change of elements of reinforced concrete or concrete pipes (up to 50% of the volume).
XIX. Car roads
a) Subgrade
1. Treatment of the subgrade in places of landslides, landslides, erosion and depths.
2. Restoration of all drainage and drainage devices.
3. Restoration of all protective and strengthening structures of the roadbed.
4. Change of individual structures of artificial structures or their replacement with other structures, as well as a complete change of pipes and small bridges (if they are not independent inventory objects, but are part of the subgrade or road as a single inventory object).
b) Road clothes
1. Leveling and replacing individual cement-concrete slabs.
2. Laying an asphalt concrete leveling layer on a cement-concrete pavement.
3. Arrangement of asphalt concrete pavement on roads with cement-concrete pavement.
4. Change of cement-concrete pavement to a new one.
5. Strengthening the asphalt concrete pavement.
6. Reconstruction of crushed stone and gravel surfaces.
7. Paving the pavement.
8. Profiling of dirt roads.
c) Bridges, pipes
1. Partial re-laying of stone and brick supports (up to 20% of the total volume).
2. Repair of concrete supports (up to 15% of the total).
3. Replacement of damaged elements of wooden bridges, with the exception of piles.
4. Change of wooden or reinforced concrete flooring, as well as replacement of wooden flooring with reinforced concrete.
5. Complete change or replacement of superstructures.
6. Repositioning of pipe heads.
7. Change of elements of wooden, reinforced concrete or concrete pipes (up to 50% of the volume).
d) Sites for cars, road construction
and other machines, storage areas, as well as sites
grain receiving points
1. Repair and restoration of drainage structures (trays, cuvettes, etc.).
2. Paving cobblestone areas.
3. Reconstruction of crushed stone and gravel surfaces of sites.
4. Repair of concrete sites with the laying of a leveling layer of concrete.
5. Leveling and replacing individual cement-concrete slabs.
6. Covering with asphalt concrete sites listed in items 2 - 5.
XX. Electrical networks and communications
1. Change or replacement of unusable fittings.
2. Replacing hooks with traverses.
3. Change of wires.
4. Repair and replacement of end and connecting cable sleeves.
5. Repair or replacement of grounding devices.
6. Change of supports (up to 30% per 1 km).
7. Installation of cable wells.
XXI. Other structures
1. Repair, change or replacement for other supports of overpasses for air laying of pipelines.
2. Repair or change of platforms, ladders and fences of overpasses for air pipeline laying.
3. Repair or replacement of individual columns (up to 20%) of crane trestles.
4. Repair or replacement of crane beams of crane trestles.
5. Repair of galleries and racks for fuel supply of boiler houses and gas generator substations with a change (up to 20%) of structures without changing the foundations.
6. Change or complete replacement wooden posts fences (fences).
7. Repair or replacement of individual concrete and reinforced concrete pillars (up to 20%) and fences (fences).
8. Repair of individual sections of infills between fence posts (up to 40%).
9. Repair of individual sections of solid stone fences (up to 20%).
10. Repair of individual sections of solid adobe fences (up to 40%).
11. Repair of chimneys with the change or replacement of the lining, with the setting of hoops, with the restoration of the protective layer of reinforced concrete pipes.
12. Repair and replacement of individual links of metal chimneys.
13. Repair of ash and slag discharges with complete replacement of individual pipeline links (without increasing the diameter).
14. Repair of loading platforms with a complete change of wood flooring, blind area or asphalt. Change of individual supports or sections of retaining walls (up to 20%). In the event that the unloading area is part of a warehouse facility (ramp), a complete change or replacement of all structures is allowed.
An indicative list of works performed during the overhaul of the housing stock; Appendix 8 to the Resolution of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock"
EXAMPLE LIST
WORKS PERFORMED DURING A CAPITAL REPAIR
HOUSING FUND
1. Inspection of residential buildings (including a complete survey of the housing stock) and preparation of design estimates (regardless of the period of repair work).
2. Repair and construction work on the change, restoration or replacement of elements of residential buildings (except for the complete replacement of stone and concrete foundations, load-bearing walls and frames).
3. Modernization of residential buildings during their overhaul (redevelopment taking into account the downsizing of multi-room apartments; installation of additional kitchens and sanitary facilities, expansion of living space due to auxiliary premises, improvement of insolation of residential premises, elimination of dark kitchens and entrances to apartments through kitchens with a device, with necessary, built-in or attached premises for staircases, sanitary facilities or kitchens); replacement of stove heating with central heating with the installation of boiler rooms, heat pipelines and heating points; roof and other autonomous heat supply sources; re-equipment of furnaces for burning gas or coal; equipment with systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage, gas supply with connection to the existing main networks at a distance from the input to the point of connection to the mains up to 150 m, the device of gas ducts, water pumping, boiler rooms; complete replacement of existing central heating systems, hot and cold water supply (including with the obligatory use of modernized heating devices and pipelines made of plastic, metal-plastic, etc. and a ban on the installation of steel pipes); installation of household electric stoves instead gas stoves or kitchen hearths; installation of elevators, garbage chutes, pneumatic garbage disposal systems in houses with an elevation of the staircase of the upper floor of 15 m and higher; transfer of the existing power supply network to increased voltage; repair of television antennas for collective use, connection to a telephone and radio broadcasting network; installation of intercoms, electric locks, installation of fire-prevention automation and smoke removal systems; automation and dispatching of elevators, heating boilers, heating networks, engineering equipment; improvement of courtyard areas (paving, asphalting, landscaping, fencing, wood sheds, equipment for children's and household playgrounds). Repair of roofs, facades, joints of prefabricated buildings up to 50%.
4. Thermal insulation of residential buildings (work to improve the heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures, installation of window fillings with triple glazing, installation of external vestibules).
5. Replacement of intra-quarter utilities.
6. Installation of metering devices for the consumption of heat energy for heating and hot water supply, the consumption of cold and hot water for the building, as well as the installation of apartment meters for hot and cold water(when replacing networks).
7. Reconstruction of non-ventilated combined roofs.
8. Architectural supervision of design organizations over the overhaul of residential buildings with full or partial replacement of floors and redevelopment.
9. Technical supervision in cases when subdivisions for technical supervision of capital repairs of the housing stock have been created in local government bodies and organizations.
10. Repair of built-in rooms in buildings.
List of works on overhaul of buildings and structures; Appendix 9 to the Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated September 28, 2001 N 276 (as amended on January 24, 2006) "On approval of instructions for the technical operation of buildings and structures of institutions of the penal system")
Appendix 9
LIST OF WORKS ON OVERALL REPAIRS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
1.1. Foundations.
1.1.1. Changing wooden chairs or replacing them with stone or concrete pillars.
1.1.2. Partial re-laying (up to 15%), as well as reinforcement of foundations and basement walls under the outer and inner walls and pillars of stone and wooden buildings, not associated with the building superstructure or with additional loads from newly installed equipment.
1.1.3. Reinforcement of foundations for foundations of stone buildings that are not associated with the superstructure of the building.
1.1.4. Restoration of vertical and horizontal insulation of foundations.
1.1.5. Restoration of a settled existing or device of a new blind area around the building (more than 20% of the total area of the blind area) in order to protect the soil under the foundations from erosion or waterlogging.
1.1.6. Repair of the brick cladding of the foundation walls from the basement side in separate places with the re-laying of more than 10 bricks in one place.
1.1.7. Partial or complete restoration or installation of new waterproofing in basements.
1.1.8. Partial or complete re-laying of pits at the windows of the basement and basement floors.
1.1.9. Replacement of rotten wooden foundation chairs in wooden buildings with new wooden, brick, concrete or reinforced concrete pillars.
1.1.10. Renovation of existing drains around the building.
1.1.11. Replacement of single collapsing stone and concrete pillars.
Note. At the expense of funds for overhaul, it is possible to artificially fix the soils of the foundations of the foundations by chemical, thermal and other methods.
1.2. Walls and columns.
1.2.1. Re-laying of brick plinths (more than 10 bricks in one place).
1.2.2. Sealing cracks in brick or stone walls with clearing furrows, with bandaging seams with old masonry.
1.2.3. Construction and repair of structures that reinforce stone walls.
1.2.4. Re-laying of dilapidated brick cornices, lintels, parapets, pits and protruding parts of the walls.
1.2.5. Full or partial re-laying and fastening of individual dilapidated sections of brick walls (up to 25% of their total area in the building), not associated with the superstructure of the building or with additional loads from the newly installed equipment, as well as the change in wooden buildings of individual crowns, which also do not exceed 25% the common surface of the walls.
1.2.6. Strengthening the walls with tension and metal ties.
1.2.7. Change of fillings in walls with stone, reinforced concrete and metal frames (up to 40%).
1.2.8. Sealing cracks in brick walls with excavation and clearing of old masonry and installation of new ones, with bandaging seams with old masonry.
1.2.9. Restoration of the waterproofing layer of the entire horizontal plane along the edge of the foundation.
1.2.10. Fastening or strengthening stone walls that deviate from the vertical position and have deformations.
1.2.11. Re-laying of dilapidated cornices, parapets, firewalls, pits and protruding parts of the walls.
1.2.12. Repositioning of individual, worn-out, window and door lintels.
1.2.13. Warming of dilapidated wooden walls by stripe boards on the roofing or with additional boarding and backfilling with fine slag.
1.2.14. Partial dismantling of existing internal walls and laying of new ones (up to 25% of the total volume), associated with the redevelopment of premises.
1.2.15. Replacement different types aggregates in walls with stone, reinforced concrete and metal frames (up to 50% of the total wall area).
1.2.16. Change of dilapidated crowns of log or cobbled walls (up to 20%).
1.2.17. Solid prokonopatka log or cobbled walls.
1.2.18. Partial change of cladding, backfill and slab insulation of frame walls (up to 50% of the total wall area).
1.2.19. Change or repair of plating and insulation of wooden plinths.
1.2.20. Repair of stone plinths of wooden walls with their re-laying up to 50% of the total volume.
1.2.21. Repositioning and replacement of worn-out clamps of log and cobbled walls.
1.2.22. Strengthening reinforced concrete and stone columns with clips.
1.2.23. Repair and partial replacement (up to 20%) of columns not associated with additional loads from newly installed equipment.
1.3. Partitions.
1.3.1. Repair, replacement and replacement of worn out partitions with more progressive designs.
1.3.2. Partial redevelopment with an increase in the total area of partitions (up to 20%).
1.3.3. Repair of partitions with the replacement of unusable straps and boards in an amount of more than 2 m2 in one place.
1.3.4. Strengthening the sound insulation of partitions by upholstering them with an additional layer of hardboard, cardboard or other materials, followed by applying a layer of plaster, wallpapering or painting.
1.3.5. Replenishment of the backfill of two-layer partitions, followed by boarding and all finishing works.
1.4. Roofs and roofs.
1.4.1. Replacement of formwork boards in places of grooves and cornice slopes.
1.4.2. Replacement of dilapidated roof structures with a roof made of ready-made reinforced concrete elements coated with tar paper, roofing felt and other roofing materials.
1.4.3. Full or partial replacement of dilapidated metal and reinforced concrete trusses.
1.4.4. Strengthening of trusses when replacing types of coatings (wood slabs with precast concrete, cold coating - with warm, etc.), as well as with corrosion of units and other elements of metal and precast reinforced concrete trusses.
1.4.5. Partial or continuous change of rafters, Mauerlats and roof battens.
1.4.6. Repair or replacement of worn metal roof railings.
1.4.7. Repair or replacement of worn out outdoor fire escapes.
1.4.8. Arrangement of new manholes on the roof, skylights and transition bridges to them.
1.4.9. Relocation of smoke and ventilation pipes on the roof.
1.4.10. Complete replacement of dilapidated wall gutters, slopes and coverings around chimneys and other protruding devices above the roof.
1.4.11. Reconstruction of light lanterns with low illumination of premises to high.
1.4.12. Repair and painting of supporting structures of skylights.
1.4.13. Repair of mechanical and manual opening and closing devices for light lantern bindings.
1.4.14. Partial or complete replacement of worn-out elements of the coating, as well as replacing them with more progressive and durable ones.
1.4.15. Partial (more than 10%) or complete change or replacement of the roof (all types).
1.4.16. Reconstruction of roofs due to the replacement of roofing materials.
1.4.17. Repair of coatings around smoke and ventilation pipes, firewalls, parapets and other protruding parts on the roof.
1.4.18. Strengthening parapets, steel fencing gratings, repairing ventilation shafts, gas ducts, sewer risers and other protruding parts on the roof.
1.4.19. Restoration and repair of ladders for the safety of cleaning chimneys on roofs with soft surfaces or steep slopes.
1.4.20. Maintenance of outdoor fire escapes for access to the roof.
1.5. Interfloor ceilings and floors.
1.5.1. Repair or change of interfloor and attic floors.
1.5.2. Replacement of individual floor beams, extension of the ends of the beams with prostheses with all subsequent work. Replacing the pick between the beams.
1.5.3. Replacement of individual structures or floors in general with more progressive and durable structures.
1.5.4. Strengthening all elements of interfloor and attic floors.
1.5.5. Shotcrete of reinforced concrete floors in case of damage.
1.5.6. Partial (more than 10%) or continuous change of sexes (all types) and their bases.
1.5.7. Reconstruction of floors during repairs with replacement for stronger and more durable ones, while the type of floors must comply with the requirements of norms and technical conditions for new construction.
1.5.8. Reconstruction of the concrete sub-floor with a new floor.
1.5.9. Re-laying of clean plank floors with leveling of the logs and adding new material.
1.5.10. Re-laying of parquet floors with fixing or replacing the battens.
1.5.11. Re-laying of floors on joists in the first floors with correction or replacement of the base and restoration of brick posts.
1.5.12. Repair or replacement of walls of underground channels.
1.6. Windows, doors and gates.
1.6.1. Complete replacement of dilapidated window and door blocks, as well as gates.
1.7. Stairs and porches.
1.7.1. Partial or complete change of landings, ramps and porches.
1.7.2. Change or strengthening of all types of stairs and their individual elements.
1.7.3. Replacement or repair of handrails and handrails of stairs over 5% of their total.
1.7.4. Arrangement of new porches.
1.7.5. Change of metal stringers or welding of damaged parts of stringers.
1.8. Internal plastering, facing and painting works.
1.8.1. Renewal of plaster of all premises and repair of plaster in the amount of more than 10% of the total plastered surface.
1.8.2. Upholstery of walls and ceilings with dry plaster.
1.8.3. Restoration or replacement of wall cladding in the amount of more than 10% of the total area of cladding surfaces.
1.8.4. Renewal of stucco details inside the premises.
1.8.5. Painting of window sashes, doors, ceilings, walls and floors after overhaul of these structures.
1.8.6. Oil painting of radiators, heating pipes, water supply, sewerage, gasification after overhaul of the system or new installation of it, if the costs are carried out at the expense of overhaul funds.
1.8.7. Continuous anti-corrosion painting of metal structures.
1.9. Facades.
1.9.1. Repair and renewal of cladding with an area of more than 10% of the cladded surface of the facades of buildings with the replacement of individual tiles with new ones or plastering of these places with subsequent painting to match the color of the facing plates.
1.9.2. Full or partial (more than 10%) renewal of plaster.
1.9.3. Restoration or alteration of rods, cornices, belts, sandrids and other protruding parts of building facades.
1.9.4. Complete replacement and installation of new drainpipes, as well as all external metal and cement coatings on the protruding parts of the facades of buildings.
1.9.5. Restoration of modeling and stucco decorations and details.
1.9.6. Continuous painting of building facades with stable compounds.
1.9.7. Change or installation of new gratings and fences on the roofs and balconies of buildings.
1.9.8. Cleaning of facades and plinths with sandblasting machines.
1.9.9. Change or reinforcement of all supporting and enclosing structures of balconies and bay windows.
1.9.10. Change of coatings of protruding parts of the building.
1.9.11. Restoration of old or installation of new gates.
1.9.12. Oil painting of facades of wooden buildings.
1.10. Stoves and hearths.
1.10.1. Repair, alteration and installation of new stoves, kitchen hearths, embedded boilers and chimneys for them.
1.10.2. Complete re-laying or installation of new heating stoves, chimneys, ventilation ducts and chimneys and their foundations.
1.10.3. Conversion of heating stoves from wood-burning to gas heating or to heating with solid fuel.
1.11. Central heating.
1.11.1. Installation of central heating instead of the stove with the adaptation of the existing room for the boiler room and installation of the boiler room. In some cases, if it is impossible to adapt the existing premises to the boiler room, it is allowed to add an extension to the existing building with a building area of not more than 65 m2 or to build a new boiler room building.
1.11.2. Change of individual sections and assemblies of heating boilers, boilers, boiler units or complete replacement of boiler units (if they are not independent inventory items).
1.11.3. Replacement of the existing central heating piping.
1.11.4. Repair and replacement of expanders, condensation traps and other network equipment.
1.11.5. Arrangement of external furnaces and accessories for boilers for a blast furnace.
1.11.6. Change and installation again of additional sections of heating devices and individual sections of the pipeline.
1.11.7. Repair, relocation or re-installation of foundations for boilers and other equipment.
1.11.8. Boiler room automation.
1.11.9. Change of insulation of pipelines that have become unusable.
1.11.10. Repositioning the boiler and chimney lining.
1.11.11. Placing patches on a steel boiler, boiler, steam boiler, tank.
1.11.12. Manufacturing and installation of a new casing.
1.11.13. Restoration or installation of new lining and lining of central heating boilers.
1.11.14. Replacement of worn-out metal chimneys from boiler rooms.
1.11.15. Change of heating registers.
1.11.16. Connection of buildings to heating networks (with a distance from the building to the network no more than 100 m).
1.12. Ventilation.
1.12.1. The device of a new, restoration or reconstruction of the ventilation system.
1.12.2. Partial or complete change of air ducts.
1.12.3. Change of fans.
1.12.4. Rewind or change electric motors.
1.12.5. Change of gates, deflectors, throttle valves, blinds.
1.12.6. Partial or complete replacement of ventilation ducts.
1.12.7. Change of heaters.
1.12.8. Change of heating units.
1.12.9. Change of filters.
1.12.10. Change of cyclones.
1.12.11. Change of individual designs of ventilation chambers.
1.13. Plumbing and sewerage.
1.13.1. Restoration or installation of a new internal water supply and sewerage system of the building, pipelines, including water supply and sewerage inlets and their connection to the water supply and sewerage networks. The length of the line from the nearest water supply or sewer outlet to the street network should not exceed 100 m.
1.13.2. Installation of new indoor water intakes.
1.13.3. Installation of additional inspection chambers on existing yard lines or street networks at the points of connection.
1.13.4. Relocation of underground water and sewer pipes.
1.13.5. Replacement of cast-iron lavatory cisterns with flush taps with alteration of the piping and shortening of the flush pipe.
1.13.6. Replacement of taps, valves and sanitary fittings.
1.13.7. The device of water pumps.
1.13.8. Installation of new sanitary facilities.
1.14. Hot water supply.
1.14.1. Change and installation of new hot water supply.
1.14.2. Change of individual sections of the hot water supply pipeline.
1.14.3. Replacement of worn-out tanks, water heaters and water heaters.
1.14.4. Repair of tanks, coils and boilers, associated with complete disassembly and replacement of individual units and parts.
1.14.5. Change of pipeline, parts and pumping units in general, tanks and pipeline insulation.
1.14.6. Change and installation of baths, showers and fittings for them (shower nets with piping, water taps, flexible hoses).
1.15. Electric lighting, communications and power wiring.
1.15.1. Installation of new electric lighting in residential and public buildings and connection to the power supply network.
1.15.2. Replacement of worn-out lighting electrical wiring with the change of installation fittings (switches, knife switches, plugs, sockets, sockets), and during a major overhaul of the building - the installation of a new electrical wiring.
1.15.3. Installation of new and replacement of group distribution and safety boxes and shields.
1.15.4. Reconstruction of the electrical wiring with the installation of additional fittings in connection with the redevelopment of the premises.
1.15.5. Automation of electric lighting in the stairwells of buildings.
1.15.6. Replacement of metering devices and protection devices for electrical installations.
1.15.7. Repair or restoration of cable channels.
1.15.8. Replacement of luminaires with other types (conventional for fluorescent, etc.).
1.16. Gas supply.
1.16.1. Installation of additional gas equipment in apartments with its connection to the gas network.
1.16.2. Gasification of individual apartments.
1.16.3. Change of individual sections of the gas pipeline.
1.16.4. Replacement of worn-out equipment (gas stoves, water heaters) with new equipment.
1.17. Elevators and lifts.
1.17.1. Re-installation of elevators with all types of construction and installation work.
1.17.2. Full or partial replacement of electrical equipment and elevator cargo winches.
1.17.3. Reinforcement, full or partial change of metal structures and mine enclosing nets.
1.17.4. Complete or partial change of electrical wiring in mines.
1.17.5. Dismantling and installation of elevator equipment in connection with work to reduce noise in rooms with constant presence of people.
1.17.6. Elevator automation.
2. Structures
2.1. Water supply and sewerage facilities. Pipelines and network fittings.
2.1.1. Partial or complete replacement of the anticorrosive insulation of the pipeline.
2.1.2. Change of individual sections of the pipeline without changing the diameter of the pipes. At the same time, it is allowed to replace cast-iron pipes with steel ones, ceramic ones with concrete or reinforced concrete ones and vice versa, but it is not allowed to replace asbestos-cement pipes with metal ones (except in emergency cases).
The length of the network sections, on which a continuous change of pipes is allowed, should not exceed 200 m per 1 km of the network.
2.1.3. Change of worn out fittings, valves, fire hydrants, plungers, valves, water columns or their repair with replacement of worn out parts.
2.1.4. Change of individual pipes of siphons.
2.2. Water supply and sewerage networks. Wells.
2.2.1. Well masonry repair.
2.2.2. Change of hatches.
2.2.3. Stuffing the trays again to replace the destroyed ones.
2.2.4. Replacement of worn out wooden wells.
2.2.5. Renewal of plaster.
2.3. Water supply and sewerage networks. Treatment facilities.
2.3.1. Repair or replacement (completely) of waterproofing.
2.3.2. Repair and renewal of plaster and ironwork.
2.3.3. Re-laying of brick walls and partitions (up to 20% of the total volume of masonry in the structure).
2.3.4. Sealing leaks in reinforced concrete, concrete and stone walls and floors of structures with concrete dismantling in separate places and concreting again.
2.3.5. Continuous gunning of the walls of structures.
2.3.6. Repair of drainage around structures.
2.3.7. Replacement of tank hatches.
2.3.8. Replacement of grilles.
2.3.9. Replacing the loading of filters, biofilters, aerofilters.
2.3.10. Replacement of pipelines and fittings.
2.3.11. Change of filter plates.
2.3.12. Re-laying of the drainage system of sludge platforms.
2.4. Heating. Channels and cameras.
2.4.1. Partial or complete change of coverings of channels and chambers.
2.4.2. Partial or complete change of waterproofing of channels and chambers.
2.4.3. Partial re-laying of the walls of brick channels and chambers (up to 20% of the total surface of the walls).
2.4.4. Partial re-laying of drainage systems.
2.4.5. Repair of the bottoms of canals and chambers.
2.4.6. Renewal of the protective layer in the reinforced concrete structures of channels and chambers.
2.4.7. Change of hatches.
2.5. Heating. Pipelines and fittings.
2.5.1. Partial or complete replacement of the thermal insulation of the pipeline.
2.5.2. Renewal of waterproofing pipelines.
2.5.3. Change of individual sections of the pipeline without increasing the diameter of the pipes.
2.5.4. Change of fittings, valves, expansion joints or their repair with replacement of worn out parts.
2.5.5. Replacement of movable and fixed supports.
2.6. Car roads. Earthen bed.
2.6.1. Treatment of subgrade in places of landslides, landslides, erosion and depths.
2.6.2. Restoration of drainage and drainage devices.
2.6.3. Restoration of protective and strengthening structures of the roadbed.
2.6.4. Change of individual structures of artificial structures or their replacement with other structures, as well as a complete change of pipes and small bridges (if they are not independent inventory objects, but are part of the subgrade or road as a single inventory object).
2.7. Car roads. Travel clothing.
2.7.1. Leveling and replacing individual cement-concrete slabs.
2.7.2. Laying of an asphalt concrete leveling layer on a cement-concrete pavement.
2.7.3. Installation of asphalt concrete pavement on roads with cement-concrete pavement.
2.7.4. Change of cement-concrete pavement to a new one.
2.7.5. Strengthening the asphalt concrete pavement.
2.7.6. Reconstruction of crushed stone and gravel surfaces.
2.7.7. Paving the pavement.
2.7.8. Profiling of dirt roads.
2.8. Warehouse and other sites.
2.8.1. Repair and restoration of drainage structures (trays, cuvettes, etc.).
2.8.2. Paving cobblestone areas.
2.8.3. Reconstruction of crushed stone and gravel surfaces of sites.
2.8.4. Repair of concrete sites with the laying of a leveling layer of concrete.
2.8.5. Leveling and replacing individual cement-concrete sites.
2.8.6. Coverage of sites with asphalt concrete.
2.9. Electrical networks and communications.
2.9.1. Change or replacement of fittings.
2.9.2. Replacing hooks with traverses.
2.9.3. Change of wires.
2.9.4. Repair and replacement of end and connecting cable couplings.
2.9.5. Repair or replacement of grounding devices.
2.9.6. Change of supports (up to 30% per 1 km).
2.9.7. Installation of cable wells.
2.10. Other structures.
2.10.1. Repair, change or replacement for other supports of overpasses for air laying of pipelines.
2.10.2. Repair and replacement of platforms, stairs and fences of overpasses for air pipelines.
2.10.3. Repair or replacement of individual columns (up to 20%) of crane trestles.
2.10.4. Repair or replacement of crane beams of crane trestles.
2.10.5. Repair of galleries and ramps for fuel supply of boiler houses and gas generator substations with a change (up to 20%) of structures without changing the foundations.
2.10.6. Change or complete replacement of wooden fence posts.
2.10.7. Repair or replacement of individual concrete and reinforced concrete pillars (up to 20%) of fences.
2.10.8. Repair of individual sections of fencing elements (up to 40% infill between posts).
2.10.9. Repair of individual sections of solid stone fences (up to 20%).
2.10.10. Repair of individual sections of solid adobe fences (up to 40%).
2.10.11. Repair of chimneys with the change or replacement of the lining, with the setting of hoops, with the restoration of the protective layer of reinforced concrete pipes.
2.10.12. Repair and replacement of individual links of metal chimneys.
2.16.13. Repair of ash and slag discharges with complete replacement of individual pipeline links (without increasing the diameter).
2.12.14. Repair of loading platforms with a complete change of wood flooring, blind area or asphalt. Change of individual supports or sections of retaining walls (up to 20%). In the event that the unloading area is part of a warehouse facility (ramp), a complete change or replacement of all structures is allowed.
The list of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings to be included in the scope of work financed from the funds provided for by Federal Law N 185-FZ; Table 2.3 ( "Methodological recommendations for the formation of the scope of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings financed from the funds provided for by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 N 185-FZ" On the Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services "(approved by the State Corporation" Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services " 02/15/2013)
This list was formed on the basis of the revised lists of capital repairs recommended by the above regulatory documents within the framework of the types of capital repairs of apartment buildings defined by Article 15 of Federal Law N 185-FZ. At the same time, it is assumed that the provisions of these guidelines apply to apartment buildings subject to major repairs without stopping their operation. As a result of the overhaul, all the necessary work must be performed to bring the common property of an apartment building into a technically sound condition by restoring or replacing all parts of structures and engineering systems that have shorter service lives between regular (according to the standard service life) overhauls than bearing structures.
2.3.2. Consistent and methodological linking of technological processes to the list of works given in Table 2.3 of these recommendations is contained in Section 3.
Table 2.3
| The name of the types of work in accordance with Part 3 of Article 15 of Federal Law N 185-FZ | Subspecies and list of works |
|
| Repair of in-house engineering systems of electrical, heat, gas, water supply, sewerage | 1. Repair or replacement of engineering systems: |
|
| 1.1. Cold water supply, including: |
||
| 1.1.1. Repair or replacement of water metering units; |
||
| 1.1.2. Repair or replacement of distribution lines and risers; |
||
| 1.1.3. Replacement of shut-off valves, including on the branch from the risers to the apartment; |
||
| 1.1.4. Repair or replacement in the complex of equipment of booster pumping units |
||
| 1.1.5. Repair or replacement of equipment, pipelines and fittings of a fire water supply system |
||
| 1.2. Repair or replacement of the hot water supply system, including: |
||
| 1.2.1. Repair or replacement of TRZh, heat exchangers, boilers, pumping units and other equipment (as part of common property) in the complex for the preparation and supply of hot water to the distribution network; |
||
| 1.2.2. Repair or replacement of distribution lines and risers; |
||
| 1.2.3. Replacement of shut-off valves, including on the branch from the risers to the apartment. |
||
| 1.3. Repair or replacement of the sewerage and drainage system, including: |
||
| 1.3.1. Repair or replacement of outlets, prefabricated pipelines, risers and hoods; |
||
| 1.3.2. Replacement of valves, if any; |
||
| 1.4. Repair or replacement of the heating system, including; |
||
| 1.4.1. Repair or replacement of distribution lines and risers; |
||
| 1.4.2. Replacement of shut-off and control valves, including on the branch from risers to heating devices in residential premises; |
||
| 1.4.3. Rearrangement or replacement of heating devices in public places and replacement in residential premises of heating devices that do not have disconnecting devices; |
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| 1.4.4. Installation, repair or replacement in the complex of ITP equipment (individual heating points) and in the presence of booster pumping units |
||
| 1.5. Repair or replacement of the gas supply system, including: |
||
| 1.5.1. Repair or replacement of in-house distribution lines and risers; |
||
| 1.5.2. Replacement of shut-off and control valves, including on the branch from risers to household gas appliances in residential premises; |
||
| 1.6. Repair or replacement of the power supply system, including: |
||
| 1.6.1. Repair or replacement of the main switchboard (main switchboard), distribution and group boards; |
||
| 1.6.2. Repair or replacement of in-house distribution highways and risers of communal and apartment lighting; |
||
| 1.6.3. Replacement of branches from floor panels or boxes of apartment meters and installation and lighting devices for communal lighting; |
||
| 1.6.4. Replacement of electrical networks to power the electrical equipment of elevators and electrical equipment to ensure the operation of engineering systems; |
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| 2. Modernization of engineering systems, including: |
||
| 2.1. Mandatory use of modernized heating devices and pipelines made of plastic, metal-plastic, etc. and a ban on the installation of steel pipes |
||
| 2.2. Transfer of the existing power supply network to increased voltage; |
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| 2.3. Replacement of lighting devices for the needs of municipal lighting with energy-saving ones; |
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| 2.4. Re-equipment of heat points and water metering units; |
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| 3. Replacing stove heating with central heating with device boiler rooms, heat pipelines and heat points; roof and other autonomous heat supply sources |
||
| 4. Equipment by systems cold and hot water supply, sewers, gas supply with accession to existing backbone networks with a distance from the input to the point of connection to the highways up to 150 m, device gas ducts, water pump, boiler rooms. |
||
| Repair or replacement of elevator equipment found unsuitable for operation, if necessary, repair of elevator shafts | Repair and replacement of elevator equipment with its modernization, including: |
|
| 1. Repair or complete replacement of elevator equipment found unsuitable for use; |
||
| 2. Repair, if necessary, of mines, replacement of attached mines; |
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| 3. Repair of machine rooms; |
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| 4. Repair, replacement of automation elements and dispatching of elevator equipment; |
||
| 5. Equipment of devices required for connection to existing systems; automation and dispatching of elevator equipment |
||
| Roof repair | 1. Repair of roof structures: |
|
| 1.1. From wooden structures: |
||
| 1.1.1. Repair: with partial replacement Rafter legs Mauerlatov Solid and discharged battens made of bars |
||
| 1.1.2. Antiseptic and fireproofing of wooden structures. |
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| 1.1.3. Insulation of the under-roof (attic) floor |
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| 1.1.4. Repair (replacement of dormer windows) |
||
| 1.2. From reinforced concrete rafters and roof decks: |
||
| 1.2.1. Elimination of malfunctions of reinforced concrete rafters and roof decks; |
||
| 1.2.2. Insulation of the under-roof (attic) floor |
||
| 1.2.3. Repair of screed for roofing; |
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| 2. Replacement of roof coverings |
||
| 2.1. Complete replacement of the metal roof covering with the device of abutments; |
||
| 2.2. Complete replacement of a roof covering made of rolled bitumen materials (roofing felt) on a roof made of welded materials with a device for abutments |
||
| 2.3. Complete replacement of the roof covering made of piece materials (slate, tiles, etc.) with an abutment device |
||
| 3. Repair or replacement of the drainage system (overhangs, gutters, gutters, trays) with the replacement of drain pipes and products (external and internal); |
||
| 4. Repair or replacement of roofing elements |
||
| 4.1. Repair of manholes on the roof |
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| 4.2. Airflow repair, repair or replacement of dormer windows and other devices for ventilation of the attic space; |
||
| 4.3. Change of caps on the tops of smoke ventilation blocks and ventilation mines; |
||
| 4.4. Change of coverings of parapets, firewalls, add-ons |
||
| 4.5. Repair (plastering, painting) and insulation of smoke ventilation blocks and elevator shafts |
||
| 4.6. Restoration or replacement of the fencing on the attic roof; |
||
| 5. Reconstruction of non-ventilated combined roofs to ventilated ones with insulation of the under-roof (attic) overlap |
||
| Repair of basements related to common property in apartment buildings | 1. Repair of sections of basement walls and floors |
|
| 2. Insulation of walls and basement ceilings of basements |
||
| 3. Waterproofing walls and basement floor |
||
| 4. Repair of technical rooms with the installation of metal doors. |
||
| 5. Repair of air vents, basement windows, pits and external doors |
||
| 6. Sealing of passages of inputs and outputs of engineering networks in the outer walls (performed when repairing networks) |
||
| 7. Repair of the blind area |
||
| 8. Repair or replacement of the drainage system |
||
| Insulation and repair of facades | 1. Repair of facades that do not require insulation |
|
| 1.1. Repair of plaster (textured layer), including an architectural order; |
||
| 1.2. Repair of facing tiles; |
||
| 1.3. Painting over plaster or textured layer; |
||
| 1.4. Repair and restoration of sealing of horizontal and vertical joints of wall panels of large-block and large-panel buildings; |
||
| 1.5. Repair and restoration from the side of the facade of sealing the joints of window and door openings in public places; |
||
| 1.6. Painting from the side of the facade of the window sashes; |
||
| 1.7. Repair of enclosing walls; |
||
| 1.8. Repair and replacement of windows and balcony doors (as part of common property); |
||
| 1.9. Repair or replacement of external entrance doors. |
||
| 2. Works on the repair of facades requiring insulation |
||
| 2.1. Repair and insulation of enclosing walls with subsequent surface finishing |
||
| 2.2. Repair of windows and balcony doors (as part of common property) or replacement with windows and doors in an energy-saving design (window blocks with triple glazing, etc.) with their subsequent insulation (sealing) |
||
| 2.3. Repair of external entrance doors with their subsequent insulation or replacement with metal doors in an energy-saving design |
||
| 3. Works common for both groups of buildings |
||
| 3.1. Repair of balconies with replacement, if necessary, of consoles, waterproofing and sealing, followed by painting |
||
| 3.2. Reinforcement of canopy structures above entrances and top floors with subsequent surface finishing |
||
| 3.3. Reinforcement of eaves block structures with subsequent surface finishing |
||
| 3.4. Change of window sills |
||
| 3.5. Change of drainpipes |
||
| 3.6. Repair and insulation of the basement |
||
| Installation of collective (common house) resource consumption meters and control units (heat energy, hot and cold water, electricity, gas) | Installation of collective (common house) consumption meters: Thermal energy for the needs of heating and hot water supply; Consumption of cold water, Electric energy, Resource control nodes, with equipment for automation and dispatching devices to provide remote accounting and control; |
|
| Repair of foundations of apartment buildings. | 1. Work on the repair or replacement of foundations. |
|
| 1.1. Sealing and jointing of joints, seams, cracks in foundation elements. Protective layer device. |
||
| 1.2. Elimination of local defects and deformations by strengthening the foundation. |
Notes:
1. During overhaul of structures and engineering systems as part of the common property of an apartment building, as defined by Federal Law 185-FZ, at least 50% of each structure and engineering system is replaced.
2. Household heating systems as part of common property include: risers, heating elements in common areas, in residential premises - branches from risers to the first disconnecting device (in its absence - to the place of interface with a heating device, heating element), regulating and shut-off valves; collective (general house) heat energy metering devices, as well as other equipment located on these networks.
3. In the event that during the execution of work on the overhaul of structures and engineering systems as part of the common property of MD, due to technological and design features of repaired (replaceable) structures and engineering systems, it is necessary to dismantle or destroy parts of the property that is not part of the common property of the MD, work on its restoration is carried out at the expense of capital repairs, which should be provided for in the design and estimate documentation.
4. In the event that a heating system with a hidden pipeline laying is designed in an apartment building, which is not repairable (Appendix 2), during the overhaul, it is allowed to re-install the heating system with an open laying of pipelines and heating devices, heating elements, including in living quarters.
Repair is a set of measures aimed at restoring the serviceable state or operability of an object. New buildings and structures deteriorate sooner or later, cars, equipment and furniture break down. Repair of an object or product can be current (cosmetic) or capital. There is also such a thing as reconstruction.
Overhaul: definition
In any building, sooner or later, walls begin to crumble, electrical wiring fails, floors sag and creak. If this happens, therefore, the time has come to take a set of measures necessary to correct the situation.
First, let's figure out what definition of capital exists. These two concepts differ primarily in scale. The scope of work during a major overhaul is much higher than that of a cosmetic one. In the latter case, only minor adjustments are made; too much money is not spent. Overhaul usually requires a large investment. It is carried out using the latest materials, often using innovative technologies.
Any building must meet sanitary and technical requirements defined by law. In the event that the required result cannot be achieved through the current one, a major overhaul is carried out. Its definition is as follows: "A set of works aimed at improving the quality of an object, in which the replacement of its main, most significant units or structural elements is made."
Buildings and constructions
The need for major overhaul of facilities is thus regulated by law. It should be performed in case of wear of 30-70% of a stone building or 65% of a wooden one. There is a concept of complete and selective overhaul. In the latter case, work is carried out to update only a part of the engineering equipment and individual structures of the house, which really require this. Overhaul of the premises of the building is carried out by the residents themselves. The exception is the tenants of municipal apartments.
The term for a complete overhaul usually comes after 30 years of operation of the building, selective - 20 years. The duration of the work of the house structures until the need for replacement or reconstruction, depending on the materials used in the construction, is:
- for foundations, floors and walls - 30-80 years;
- balconies, stairs, porches, verandas - 30-80 years old;
- roofing, doors, windows - 10-30 years;
- rafter system, wall frames - 30-80 years;
- interior decoration - 3-30 years.
How to accurately determine the need for a major overhaul of a building
Any apartment building starts up at the stage of its construction. This document fully displays the state of its structural elements, utilities, etc. It is used to judge the possibility of carrying out such a procedure as a major overhaul. Determination of its necessity is the responsibility of a commission created with the involvement of specialists from various services and organizations. That is, a preliminary inspection of the building is carried out on site.
Particular attention should be paid to the basement of the house. It is mandatory to inspect the foundation and load-bearing floors, heating and water supply systems. The sanitary condition of the basement is also assessed. The presence of such inhabitants as rats, mice, cockroaches can be an additional reason for making a decision on a major overhaul. Inspection is carried out, including for the presence of fungus and mold. The final decision is made by the general meeting of tenants, which should be initiated by the HOA. The apartment owners agree on the actual need for such an event, determine the objects and means of capital repairs, the timing of its implementation, etc. After the decision of the tenants is documented, the HOA can begin to search for and hire the specialists necessary for the work.
What activities can be performed
So, what is the definition of a major overhaul of a building at the moment and what it is, we have found out with you. Now let's see how this event is actually carried out. During a major overhaul usually:
- dilapidated walls and partitions are changing;
- new doors are being installed;
- overlap aligns or changes;
- new plumbing equipment is being installed or old plumbing equipment is being repaired;
- if necessary, structural elements of the building are insulated and waterproofed;
- in some cases, improvement of the local area is carried out.
Thus, overhaul is aimed at completely or partially eliminating the wear and tear of utilities and structures of the house. All the work is paid for by the residents of the building themselves (except for the tenants of municipal apartments).
Overhaul of the apartment
A complex and expensive set of measures aimed at eliminating worn out structural elements of a building can be partially performed by the residents themselves. For example, apartment owners often change worn-out floors, level walls and ceilings, and replace gas, plumbing and heating equipment. In a number of cases, such a major overhaul of premises is carried out only after obtaining permits for certain changes in the relevant authorities. If we talk about moving doors, erecting new partitions, then such actions are already equated with reconstruction.
Urban Development Code
So, we have found out, repair (definition). its conduct for multi-storey buildings is regulated quite clearly. The implementation of reconstruction and major repairs is regulated by article 52. The norms of this document provide for the following:
- Major repairs are carried out by the developer himself or by individuals or legal entities involved by him. In the last two cases, a contract is drawn up without fail. Only persons with a certificate of admission can be involved in the overhaul of structural elements that affect the safety of the building. To perform normal work, it is possible to hire any individuals and legal entities.
- In the process of carrying out the repair, the requirements of the project documentation and safety measures must be observed.
- In the event that a cultural heritage object is discovered during a major overhaul or reconstruction, all work must be stopped immediately. Responsible persons are obliged to report the find to the appropriate authorities, etc.
Equipment in enterprises
As in all other cases, the repair of machines and mechanisms for industrial enterprises classified into current and capital. The differences between the two are primarily also in scale. Each overhaul object is completely disassembled beforehand. Further work is done in the following order:
- worn out units and parts change;
- repairs of beds, frames, main shafts and foundations are performed;
- adjustment and alignment of the unit is performed;
- if necessary, parts are replaced with more modern ones.
That is, the definition of overhaul of equipment is approximately the following: "Bringing the state of this particular second-hand unit to the requirements for new machines." Overhaul of mechanisms is carried out by persons who are admitted to the production of this kind of work.
Regulatory procedure for
Next, we will consider how major repairs are carried out at enterprises. The determination of its order, or rather the approval of the plan, is usually entrusted to the chief engineer of a plant or combine. He also appoints the person responsible for the overhaul.
A set of measures for updating equipment can be carried out according to two schemes:
- Disposable. In this case, the work of the shop completely stops before the end of the repair work.
- On a dispersed schedule. In this case, the total volume of all necessary activities is divided into several smaller ones. That is, the shop continues to work, and major repairs are carried out during the periods set aside for the current one, on the days of planned shutdowns.
The first method is used more often at most enterprises, since the overhaul of equipment usually does not take too much time. The average time of its holding is 5-25 days. In rolling shops in metallurgical production, for example, such repairs are usually carried out once a year, in blast furnaces - once every 2-3 years. Recently, however, enterprises are increasingly using the second method of performing such work. The fact is that the organization of overhaul according to a dispersed schedule meets the modern requirements of production to a much greater extent. The main advantage of this option is, of course, that it allows you not to slow down the rate of production of finished products.
Cars and other equipment
Now let's see what a car overhaul is. The definition of this procedure is similar to the previous ones. That is, the overhaul of a car is a complex of rather expensive, labor-intensive and time-consuming measures aimed at bringing it to a new state (if possible). In its course, a complete replacement of most of the worn out parts and assemblies is usually performed.
The decision on the need for overhaul in this case is usually made by professionals after a complete diagnosis of all machine systems. Of course, the owner of the car himself can become the initiator of its implementation. Most often, a car overhaul is carried out after an accident.
Execution order
Car overhaul is usually carried out according to the following scheme:
- Diagnostics of assemblies and parts is preliminarily performed. At the same time, in fact, the systems that need to be replaced or restored are determined.
- The machine is disassembled, the units are dismantled.
- Whenever possible, parts are restored. Completely worn out are replaced.
- In some cases, the basic elements of the car change - the body, the engine, etc.
- Next, the machine is tested in conditions close to real ones.
In the event that no problems are identified at the final stage, the car is returned to the owner.
Reconstruction
In conclusion, one more very important definition should be given. Reconstruction and major repairs are actually different concepts. In the latter case, as we have already found out, a large-scale update of the main elements and nodes of the object is performed. Reconstruction is an even broader concept. When it is carried out, the very technical purpose of the object changes. An example is the redevelopment of an apartment, the addition of an additional floor of the house, the addition of new units to the old car that improve its performance, etc.
Thus, we have given a precise definition of the concept of "overhaul". This is the name of a large-scale complex of measures, as a result of which an object becomes fully operational again.
Now the concept of "overhaul" is enshrined in law. In addition, the list of works related to reconstruction is spelled out in more detail. This will help companies avoid mistakes when delimiting the costs of such types of work in the accounting.
Recently, the legislation has been amended to make it easier to distinguish between construction works that relate to major renovations and renovations. In addition, it will become easier for companies to consider some types of work traditionally classified as reconstruction by tax authorities as expenses for repairs.
This is important, since the accounting of costs for these types of work is conducted in different ways, and the topic of classification of construction work in accounting is still one of the most controversial.
Why is reconstruction unprofitable?
Maxim Bushuev,
accountant of the company "Greenatom" (MF OTSO SC "Rosatom")
The company has the right to write off expenses for repairs in tax accounting at a time in the amount of actual costs (provided that it does not create a reserve for this type of expenses). And this applies to both current and major repairs.
The situation with reconstruction costs is different. These expenses increase the original cost of the property and can only be written off later through depreciation.
As a result, the write-off of such expenses is very often stretched over many years, especially when it comes to the reconstruction of a building. Additional difficulties are caused by the fact that in accounting and tax accounting the depreciation of an object after reconstruction is calculated in different ways, as a result of which the company also has to keep records of temporary differences in accordance with PBU 18/02 "Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax."
In addition, if the reconstruction lasts more than 12 months, then for the entire period of these works, the accrual of depreciation on the object is suspended.
Example. The company carried out construction and installation work (CMP) in the building in the amount of 900,000 rubles. (excluding VAT), which were completed in September (the term of the work did not exceed 12 months). The initial cost of the building is 3,000,000 rubles, it is included in the 8th depreciation group with a useful life of 21 years (252 months). linear method depreciation and does not apply a depreciation premium. Consider the reflection of expenses for construction and installation in tax accounting.
Option 1: costs are accounted for as repairs.
The company can write off the entire amount of expenses (900,000 rubles) at a time in the period of completion of work, that is, in September, on the date of signing the acceptance certificate (provided that the company does not create a reserve for repair costs).
Accordingly, the entire amount of repair costs will be fully accounted for in the income tax return for September (9 months).
Option 2: costs are accounted for as reconstruction.
The company is obliged to increase the initial cost of the building for the entire amount of construction and installation costs.
In this case, the monthly amount of depreciation on it before reconstruction was calculated as follows:
1: 252 months x 100% x x 3,000,000 rubles. = RUB 11,905
Let's say that the building was in operation for 60 months before the reconstruction, so the amount of depreciation charged for this period in tax accounting was:
RUB 11,905 x 60 months = = 714 300 rub.
Suppose that after the reconstruction, the company did not increase the service life of the building, in this regard, the new amount of monthly depreciation was calculated as follows (see letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 29, 2010 No. 03-03-06 / 1/202, dated February 12, 2009 No. 03-03-06 / 1/57):
1: 252 months x 100% x x (RUB 3,000,000 + RUB 900,000) = = RUB 15,476
That is, the period during which new depreciation will be charged will be:
(3,900,000 rubles - 714,300 rubles): 15,476 rubles. = 206 months
Unlike the first option, when the company has the right to write off expenses in full already in September, when classifying construction and installation works as reconstruction, expenses will be completely written off only after 17 years.
So, the desire of most companies to write off, as a rule, considerable expenses for construction and installation work as repair work is quite obvious. In turn, tax authorities, at every opportunity, try to recognize such works as reconstruction, and therefore, exclude their cost from the list of expenses.
The largest number of disputes arises about overhaul, because this is a rather expensive undertaking, which can sometimes be easily mistaken for reconstruction.
Overhaul or reconstruction: are there clear criteria?
Until recently, the definition of "repair" could only be found in building codes from the times of the USSR.
As for the definition of the term "reconstruction", although it is contained in the Tax Code, it is too general and indicates only the target orientation of the work, therefore it is often difficult for companies to apply it in practice to classify specific types of construction and installation work.
Therefore, to separate reconstruction work from repair work, the Ministry of Finance of Russia recommended that companies use Soviet building codes (see table on p. 19).
Despite the fact that the work on overhaul and reconstruction is described in these documents in sufficient detail, questions still remain.
After all, the line separating the economically feasible modernization, which is carried out as part of the overhaul, from the reconstruction, is sometimes extremely difficult to see. This is evidenced by the extensive judicial practice.
In particular, the recent ruling of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation is interesting, in which the judges concluded that the same works can be both major repairs and reconstruction. It all depends on the circumstances under which they were carried out.
Thus, a company engaged in oil production carried out work "to cut out a part of the production string intended for lifting oil from the bottom to the wellhead, and to drill a sidetrack from this place." The tax authorities recognized part of these costs as reconstruction, since as a result of drilling some wells, oil production increased.
But the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation considered that the increase in oil production still does not say anything, since it depends on several factors, which means that on the basis of this indicator alone, construction work cannot be qualified as reconstruction.
In this case, it was necessary to determine the work depending on the condition of the well: if it was technically faulty and the work was carried out in order to eliminate the malfunctions, this is a major overhaul (it was under such circumstances that these works were indicated as repair works and in industry regulatory documents). But if the same work was carried out in serviceable, but inactive wells, this is already a reconstruction.
Overhaul "legalized"
Now, in connection with the adoption of Law No. 215-FZ, it will become much easier to distinguish between overhaul and reconstruction work. The most significant changes have been made to the provisions of the Town Planning Code.
Please note: this document is one of the most important in the regulation of issues of construction, reconstruction, repair.
The updated version of the Urban Development Code is effective from July 22, 2011.
It now contains the official definition of a major overhaul, as well as a more detailed list of works related to the renovation.
Before the amendments, the concept of "reconstruction" in the Urban Planning Code was too general, but now separate definitions of the terms "reconstruction" and "major repairs" are given for capital construction objects (i.e. buildings, structures, etc.) and for linear objects (lines communications or power transmission, roads, pipelines, etc.).
So, now the reconstruction of capital objects, in addition to changing the parameters of the object (height, number of storeys, area, volume), also includes the following types of work:
add-on, reconstruction or expansion of the object;
replacement or restoration of its supporting building structures (with the exception of certain elements of these structures).
Overhaul of buildings, structures is the replacement or restoration of:
- building structures of the object (except load-bearing);
- engineering support systems and their networks;
- individual elements of load-bearing building structures.
As for the repair and reconstruction of linear facilities, here the main criterion of difference is a change in the class, category, initial performance indicators or the boundaries of the right of way, as well as the protected zones of the facility.
In other words, if at least one of these signs has changed, it means that reconstruction has been carried out, if not, overhaul.
In addition, minor changes also affected the provisions of the Tax and Land Codes. But these amendments, in fact, are only clarifying (in particular, from some provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation since 2012, a separate mention of work on the "expansion" of the object has been excluded).
At the same time, there were no changes in the main provisions of the Tax Code, which regulate the accounting of expenses for repairs and reconstruction.
Let's summarize
Despite the fact that the Soviet construction standards have not ceased to operate, it still makes sense for companies to be guided by the norms of the Urban Planning Code when distinguishing the types of construction work in the accounting records.
For example, when renovating buildings, the costs associated with internal redevelopment of premises in them will become easier to recognize as major repairs (provided that the supporting structures in the building have not been completely changed).
But please note: if construction work is aimed at increasing the production capacity of the company, then regardless of their type, they will still be considered a reconstruction from the point of view of tax accounting. That is, the target orientation of the work in this case is of decisive importance.
Indeed, when reflecting expenses in tax accounting, firms must first of all be guided by the Tax Code. This conclusion, in particular, was made by the judges in the already mentioned Resolution of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 11495/10.
Example. The company owns an office building. Redevelopment was made on one of the floors (instead of 10 offices, 12 were made). At the same time, the supporting structures of the building did not change, its area did not increase, and the purpose remained the same.
Situation 1: redevelopment was carried out in connection with the expansion of the staff.
Taking into account the provisions of Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, expenses for redevelopment of premises due to an increase in the number of employees are likely to be recognized as reconstruction. Especially if the increase in production or sales of products directly depends on this (for example, if the company additionally hired sales managers).
Situation 2: redevelopment was carried out to increase the number of archive premises.
In this case, the company is much more likely to take into account the costs of redevelopment as repair costs, since these costs are not associated with the expansion of the company.
Let's summarize
Major overhaul | The documents | Reconstruction | The documents |
Overhaul includes: elimination of faults of all worn out elements; their restoration or replacement with improved ones (in this case, economically feasible modernization of the facility is permissible: improvement of the layout, equipping with missing types of engineering equipment, improvement of the surrounding area). Note: | p. 5.1 VSN 58-88 (p), approved by order of the State Committee for Architecture of the Russian Federation under the State Construction Committee of the USSR No. 312 dated 23.11.1988; p. 3.11 of the IBC Regulation 13-14.2000, approved fast. Gosstroy of the USSR dated December 29, 1973 No. 279 | Reconstruction is a reorganization of an object associated with the improvement of production and an increase in its technical and economic indicators to increase production capacity, improve quality and change the product range. During the reconstruction, the following works can be carried out:
sub. 14-14.3 Art. 1 Civil Code of the Russian Federation |
