The facade of the building gives the building an aesthetic appearance, it protects the main structures of the house from external influences. In addition, it regulates the migration of water vapor and air, performs a warming and soundproofing role.
The outer side of any building, located outside, is the facade of the building. It is the main, side, rear. For residential buildings, a street and courtyard facade is distinguished. It is the type of facade that determines.
For urban buildings, the facade of the building must correspond to the historical appearance of the city, any unauthorized change is a violation of the law and entails administrative fines.
Modern facade decoration is carried out from various facing materials, the choice depends on the design features of the building, the bearing capacity of the main walls, the purpose, financing and tastes of the owner or architect.
Modern facades
For cladding the modern facade of a private house, those claddings are used that until recently were fashionable decors for public buildings. Previously, shopping centers could be stucco and siding. Now these materials have become available to private developers. And they are no longer used for facing public buildings. A selection with options for facing private houses is possible.
Modern facades of public buildings involve the use of the latest cladding. Most often it is porcelain stoneware and facade cassettes. Porcelain stoneware is more cost effective. Facade cassettes look more modern, they go well with glazing. no longer allows the use of twentieth-century materials. Plaster and facing bricks are not suitable. People began to perceive these claddings more as home claddings, more suitable for the facade of an apartment building or a private one.
The trends of modern architecture are a combination of glass, metal and concrete of non-standard forms on the facade.
The modern architecture of building facades is unthinkable without the use of the latest technologies. Technology is constantly changing and updating.
Almost all facade solutions come to us from Europe.
People began to travel more, more demands are now made on the architecture around them. now ubiquitous. The cladding of building facades has never been diversified. On a system of metal profiles, you can hang almost any building material that has sufficient strength and at the same time lightness. Lots on the market
Ventilated facades of public buildings
Public buildings have different purposes and funding. “Public” includes any building intended for the visit of many people. These are banks, facades of administrative buildings, railway stations, shopping centers, business centers, administrations, sports and entertainment facilities, hospitals, schools, and the list goes on for a long time. It is important to understand that banks will be able to afford facade cladding for much more than schools. Therefore, speaking about the lining of public buildings, it is worth making a distinction between materials by cost.
Facing of buildings with economy segment materials
Facade materials of the economy segment can be, for example, porcelain stoneware, fiber cement, metal cassettes,
Porcelain stoneware costs from 450 rubles / m2 of cladding. Of course, you need to add the cost of the subsystem and installation work. The cost of the system for porcelain stoneware starts from 400 rubles / m2. The cost of installation will add another 900 rubles / m2 minimum. Insulation and hardware - another 400 rubles / m2. Total "turnkey" will cost 2150 rubles / m2. And this is the minimum price tag, not all facade companies will install for this price.
Inexpensive finishing of the shopping center with metal cassettes
"turnkey" will cost from 2500 rubles / m2. Plaster with insulation from 2200 rubles / m2. - from 2000 rubles / m2.
All of the listed economy options have their own characteristics. And the perception of the facade as a whole will depend on the quality of installation. So porcelain stoneware can fall out due to poor-quality galvanized clamps. The clamp should always be made of stainless steel. Fiber cement can stain and fade over time. The plaster chipped off in hail. Metal cassettes rust and are not impact resistant. Brick is eternal, but visually it is not always suitable for public buildings. Therefore, sometimes building customers look at more expensive cladding.
More expensive facing materials
The middle price segment includes various types of facade cassettes and stone cladding of medium strength (travertine, for example).
Let's briefly say that there are cassettes on the facade aluminum, steel, copper, other metals. They may or may not have a polymer layer, and be made of thicker metal. Facade cassettes can be flat, which is standard, or voluminous (inclined circles, ovals, triangles from cassettes). Facade metal cassettes without a polymer layer, i.e. not composite, can be perforated. Perforation can be either typical patterns (circles, icons, etc.) or have non-standard patterns (for example, cut a tree in a cassette).
Facade cassettes, since there are many of them, it is difficult to evaluate together, but separately for a long time. On average, a cassette with a polymer layer will cost from 3500 rubles / m2 on the facade. Facade perforated cassette from 5000 rub/m2. Volumetric unique panels are even more expensive - from 6500 rubles / m2.
It costs much less than granite, and therefore belongs to the middle price segment. For example, granite costs from 3500 rubles / m2 - the material itself without installation and system. And travertine from 1000 rubles / m2.
But it must be taken into account that this is a stone of medium strength. It just crumbles over time. It is not recommended for hinged ventilated facades. But the first floors, entrance groups are the very thing.
Expensive premium cladding for banks, restaurants, office buildings
The high price segment includes large-format and hidden cladding 
way.
Facade slabs are expensive fiber cement (Cembrit, Eternit), Rock panels, thin 3mm porcelain stoneware 1500 * 3000mm in size (Archskin, Laminam, GranitiFiandre, Kerlit and other manufacturers). Facade slabs imitate stone, wood and whatever your heart desires. At the same time, they are easy to install and wide-format.
The hidden method involves cladding with standard panels (ordinary porcelain stoneware, facade slabs), but without visible fastening. This method is always more expensive by about 30-50% per square meter.
About the cost: facade slabs will cost "turnkey" from 6000 rubles / m2.
To create a colored architecture of the facade of a public building, plates painted in various colors are used. It can be any of the above facing materials for ventilated facades. Porcelain stoneware can be combined in various shades. Also fiber cement or HPL panels, all available in bright RAL colors. Any facade cassettes can also be colored.
Facades of multi-storey residential buildings
The facade of an apartment building should be made in a single architectural style of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to pass the examination of the project. The facade must be approved by the chief architect of the city. Two methods are used to decorate modern houses:
- Wet. This method involves finishing the facade with various plasters or bricks. The advantages include the formation of a holistic and reliable surface. The main advantage is simplicity and durability. The relative disadvantages include the complexity of construction work and the seasonality of their implementation.
- Dry. This is the best option for finishing and involves the use of hinged cladding panels from various materials. Ventilated facades for multi-storey residential buildings give buildings an original look. Due to the use of modern heaters, heat losses are significantly reduced. Therefore, the ventilation facade is ideal for facing the facade of a panel house. Due to the air gap that exists between the main wall and the facing material, the formation of condensate on the inner surface of the heat-insulating material is prevented. And this significantly extends the life of the structure as a whole.
For the overhaul of the facade of an apartment building, both the first and second options are used, it all depends on the design and architectural features of the building. If the building belongs to the category of objects of cultural heritage, or is located in the zone of historical monuments protected by law, then the change in the facade of an apartment building must be carried out with the permission of the KGIOP, the KGA, as well as homeowners.
Reasons for the destruction of modern building facades
The facade of any building is an example of the architectural art of a certain time. But any design, regardless of the quality and price of materials, the uniqueness of technology, has a certain operational life.
The main reasons that lead to the destruction of modern building facades include:
- The negative impact of the external environment (moisture, temperature changes, dust, ultraviolet rays, etc.);
- Dwelling on the surface of the facade of various microorganisms;
- Weathering (insufficient processing of the weathering zone with a special fixer contributes to the activation of the erosive process of the facade structure);
- Technological errors of builders (use of metal parts without anti-corrosion protection, etc.).
The above factors contribute to the fact that after a certain time the facade begins to collapse, so they need to be repaired from time to time.
