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Indefinite verbs are used in dictionaries. What is an infinitive? The features are as follows:
- Verbs in an indefinite form answer the questions "what to do?" and "what to do?"
- Endowed with grammatical features of the type (perfect or imperfect).
- It is returnable and irrevocable.
- It is saved.
- When shaping, suffixes of the indefinite form of the verb -ty, -ty, -ch are used. For some verbs, it is ––––––––––––––––––––.
Important! Any verb word form can be initialized using the question "what to do?" or "what to do?"
Such word forms are called indefinite because it is impossible to determine their main grammatical features: time, face, mood, gender and number, how they differ from the rest.
Indefinite form of the verb: signs
Signs of the indefinite form of the verb
The main signs are the endings of the verbs in -ti, -ty and -ch. The questions "what to do?" Will help to determine this. and "what to do?"
Examples of education
The infinitive ends with the suffix -ty if it is preceded by a consonant: come, crawl, shake. The suffix –ty is used after the vowels: write, fly, shoot, pull.
In some words ending in -ch, the ending is missing in the initial form, and -ch is included in the root structure. For example, attract, bake, protect, crush.
How to use the indefinite form of a verb
The infinitive is required to form other verb forms and to check spelling.
Often the endings of verbs in personal word forms are unstressed, which raises doubts about their writing... To check your spelling, you need to know how to indefinate a verb.
For example:
- Build - What to do? build. So, the correct ending is -you.
- Glues, glued - What to do? glue. Correct spelling -it and -il.
- Hated - What to do? hate. Correctly write the vowel -e.
An unstressed suffix in an infinitive indicates its spelling in the past tense, in participial and participial forms.
To glue - to glue - to glue - to glue - to glue.
What is a reflexive or non-reflexive verb
Sometimes, after the word-forming suffix -ty, -ty, -ch, an additional postfix -sy or -s is used. For example, pray, beware, ask, take cover.
Postfix allows you to define a returnable and non-returnable form.
The rule explains that word forms with -sya (-s) are considered reflexive and mean the action of someone or something directed at oneself, contact or position of an object. For example, topple over, deteriorate, equip, make your way.
Irretrievable infinitives express an action to someone, something. For example, reeling, eavesdropping, ironing.
Reflexive verb
Signs of a transitional and intransitive infinitive
Transitivity in an indefinite form allows you to identify an additional word indicating an object or phenomenon participating in the action.
As an additional word is used:
- A noun or pronoun used in the accusative case and without a preposition. For example, putting on a coat, cooking dinner.
- A noun (accusative or genitive) that expresses a relation or fraction of something and is used without a preposition. For example, pouring tea, waiting for guests.
- A negative expression with an infinitive uses a noun or a pronoun in the genitive. For example, not having a chance not to hurt her.
Additional words give meaning to the infinitive, and without them the essence of what is happening is lost. Some part of the action is transferred to objects or circumstances, they acquire a clear semantic load.
In an intransitive infinitive, an action denotes one word.
Perfect and imperfect views
Verb words are classified into perfect and imperfect.
Imperfect ones characterize an action that lasts without a specific time frame. These actions can be called eternal, there is no indication of their completeness or incompleteness. The question "What to do?" Approaches them.
- I'm going to go on a trip.
- The street lights began to go out.
Perfect infinitives point to past action or whatever will happen. The result can already be observed or it is still pending. The question "What to do?" Is used.
- After opening the can, the contents must be transferred.
- Did you receive instructions on what to report?
Known insignificant part of dual infinitives... They are used in both forms in one word form. They are defined by meaning. A standard question can be posed for dual verbs in the infinitive.
- The whole area should be cleaned up tomorrow. - "What to do?".
- Clean up trash on your desk and in your room. - "What to do?".
- It is necessary to explore the city. - "What to do?".
- They were to explore the city at dawn. - "What to do?"
Perfect and imperfect view
The role of the infinitive in the structure of a sentence
Indefinite verbs in the structure of sentences act as predicates and, in combination with subjects, form the grammatical core. The infinitive performs any function and acts as different members of the proposal.
Important! The infinitive is syntactically capable of being a subject, a part of a predicate, an addition, a definition, a circumstance of intentions.
Usage examples:
- Sometimes you have to experience irritation with your neighbor very often. The verb "test" is the subject.
- She felt the urge to return. "Return" acts as a definition
"What wish?".
- He decided to leave for good. Here "leave" serves as an addition to "What have you decided?"
The indefinite form of the verb is often used in sentences, so it is important to know how to determine the form of the verb, what are their distinguishing features and how to form them.
Russian lessons Indefinite verb
Infinitive. Infinitive
Lesson topic: "The indefinite form of verbs."
It is called indefinite, because it is impossible to determine by it neither the tense, nor the number, nor the person, nor the gender of the verb.
Listen to the poem, find the verbs.
How nice, friends, to walk
Along the trail with a backpack.
It's wonderful to jump across the field
Riding a horse.
It's also nice to get on the express -
Flashed in the window meadow and forest.
Slide not bad on the waves
On a sea ship.
But it's better to race in the skies
On a steel liner... (I. Kholin)
Walk, jump (what to do?),
sit down (what to do?),
slide (what to do), rush (what to do?).
Infinite verbs answer the question what to do? or what to do? This is the initial form of the verb. Its peculiarity is that neither the time, nor the number, nor the face, nor the gender is determined by it.
Verb will flash(what will he do?) is used in the form of the future tense, singular, 3rd person. You will learn to identify the face of verbs in grade 4.
Find out Pushkin's tales from which you took excerpts, and find verbs in them that stand in an indefinite form. How can you tell them apart?
Infinite verbs answer the question what to do? or what to do?
The mirror property had:
It speaks skillfully ...
“You, queen, are the loveliest of all,
All blush and whiter. "
And the queen is laughing,
And shrug your shoulders
And wink your eyes
And click with your fingers ...
"The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Heroes."
Indefinite verbs:
what to do?
talk
to laugh out loud
to shake
wink
snap
King Dadon in old age wanted
Take a break from military affairs
And make yourself comfortable.
Here neighbors bother
Became the old king
Doing terrible harm to him.
So that the ends of their possessions
Protect from attacks
He should have contained
Numerous host.
"The Tale of the Golden Cockerel".
what to do?
bother
guard
what to do?
relax
arrange
If you want, remember.
The verbs that answer the question what to do? Are imperfective verbs. The verbs that answer the question what to do? Are perfective verbs.
Verbs that answer the questions what to do? and what to do? in different words even if they are of the same root. They differ from each other in some parts of the basis and therefore differ in meaning.
What to do?
to laugh out loud
shake
talk
What to do?
to laugh out loud
shake
before talking
to laugh - to laugh
Words are distinguished by the prefix za- (the prefix za- means “to start an action”).
to shake(root press -) - to reap(root zha-)
The verb to shake refers to an action that occurs frequently (repeatedly), the verb to shake refers to an action that occurs once (once).
speak - finish
Words are distinguished by the prefix before - (the prefix before- means "to complete the action").
In order not to switch from one verb to another, you need to follow the prefix in the question.
1. Put a question to the form of the verb and find out if there is a prefix C in the question or not.
2. Ask a question of indefinite form with or without the prefix C-.
3. Name the indefinite form of the required verb.
The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in -ty or -ty(go, get out, find, carry, crawl)... Scientists have not yet agreed on how to call this part of the word. Some consider it an ending, while others consider it a suffix.
Sometimes the indefinite form of the verb ends in -ch, but these letters are part of the root:
guard-guard(root guard-, guard-), lie down - lie down(root lie down, lie down).
In the indefinite form of verbs, if it does not end in -ti, it is always written ь. It is also written after the letter h (-ch) - this is a spelling for the rule: b in the indefinite form of the verb.
Determine the tense of the verbs and find the indefinite form.
flowed- what did you do ?, last century, what to do ?, to flow(root tech-flow)
I cut my hair- what am I doing ?, present, what should I do ?, to cut(root shearing-shearing)
save save(root shore-protect)
will captivate- what will I do ?, bud.v., what should I do ?, captivate(root attract-attract)
Vowel letters in the indefinite form of verbs before -т are most often suffixes. They can be different: -a, -e, -i, -i, -o.
If they are unstressed, then in their place there is always a spelling. These suffix letters cannot be determined by the rule, they can only be recognized by dictionary and memorized.
Suffix -а: hear, swim, jump, listen
Suffix -e: see, offend, depend
Suffix -i: build, iron, cook, glue, set, build
Suffix -i: bark, melt, blow, sow
Let's find a verb in an indefinite form.
The wind sings barely audibly
Linden sighs by the garden ...
Sensitive music lives everywhere
In the rustle of herbs
In the noise of the oak groves,
You just have to listen.(V. Semernin)
What is he doing?, sings, sighs, lives- verbs in the present tense.
What to do?, listen - verb in indefinite form.
In verbs, the special suffix -sya or -s is often found. It is special because it is located after -T. To distinguish it from other suffixes, scientists gave it their name - postfix ("attached after").
Form indefinite verbs using these suffixes and prefixes.
Prefixes VZ-, PO-, PRI-, OT-.
Roots -SLEEP-, -CASHL-, -PLYAS-.
Suffixes -ИВА-, -НУ-, -ИВА-, -А-, -Я-, -СЯ.
Take a nap - prefix vz-, suffix -nu-,
on nap - prefix po, suffix -а,
on cough - the prefix is po, suffix -я-,
from coughing - prefix from-, suffix -я-,
to dance - the prefix is po, suffix -a-,
when dancing - the prefix pri-, suffix -yva-,
from dancing - the prefix from-, suffix -yva-.
Who eats how.
The proboscis fly can only suck in liquid food. Some butterflies have incisor-like teeth at the end of their proboscis, with which they can gnaw the peel of fruit and drink its juice! Eight flexible tentacles with suction cups help the octopus to grip and grip any prey very tightly. A giraffe can reach tree shoots with a long neck. A snail living in a shell can cut and grind food with its tongue. The spider can produce sticky silk for the cobweb, which must be caught by insects. There are cobwebs with lids, then the prey will not escape him.
Can (what to do?) Suck,
can (what to do?) gnaw and drink,
help (what to do?) to grab and hold,
able (what to do?) to get,
able (what to do?) to cut and grind,
can (what to do?) produce,
should (what to do?) come across,
what to do? do not slip away.
During holidays.
Well early in the summer .... and ... to the lake. Nice ... in the sun, ... in clear water,… In the forest, mushrooms, berries,…. Singing of birds. It is interesting… .behavior of insects,… .with friends in football. It is useful ... in the garden and in the garden, ... for the housekeeper.
During holidays.
It's good in summer early (what to do?) To get up and (what to do?) Go to the lake. It's nice (what to do?) Sunbathe in the sun, (what to do?) Swim in clear water, (what to do?) Pick mushrooms and berries in the forest, (what to do?) Listen to birdsong. It is interesting (what to do?) To observe the behavior of insects, (what to do?) To play football with friends. It is useful (what to do?) To work in the garden and in the garden, (what to do?) To help the elders with the housework.
How to cook pancakes.
We need (take) half a liter of kefir, (add) a little salt, sugar and soda, (beat) one egg and (pour) into this mass, (add) flour and that's it (mix). You can (bake).
Let's put the verbs in an indefinite form.
take - what shall we do ?, what shall we do ?, take
add - what shall we do ?, what shall we do ?, add
shake up - what shall we do ?, what to do ?, shake up
pour out - what shall we do ?, what to do ?, pour out
add - what shall we do ?, what shall we do ?, add
shuffle - what shall we do ?, what shall we do ?, shuffle
bake - what are we doing?, what to do ?, bake
How to cook pancakes.
You need to take half a liter of kefir, add a little salt, sugar and soda, beat one egg and pour it into this mass, add flour and mix everything. You can bake.
(What to do?) To dress or to wear? These two words are often confused.
The verbs put on and put on are similar, but they have different meanings.
You can dress someone, but only put on something on yourself.
Therefore, it is correct to say this:
put on (anything)
shape
coat
shoes
the dress
costume
dress (somebody)
child
doll
girl
sick
toddler
In the lesson, you learned that verbs in an indefinite form answer the question of what to do? or what to do? This is the initial form of the verb. Its peculiarity is that neither the time, nor the number, nor the face, nor the gender is determined by it.
The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in -ty or -ty, sometimes in -ch. In the indefinite form of verbs, if it does not end in -ti, it is always written ь.
- MS Soloveichik, NS Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- MS Soloveichik, NS Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
- T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
- L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - SPb .: KARO, 2003
- G.T.Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008
- School-collection.edu.ru ().
- Cdo.omrc.ru ().
- Oldskola1.narod.ru ().
- Read the poem. What part of speech is “main” in it? Indicate in what form the words of this part of speech are used? Emphasize the sign of this form.
Don't stop me from dreaming!
I would get a bag of sweets,
Expand, chew, suck,
Chomp, smack, devour,
For a long, long time, do not swallow,
Enjoy, savor.
- Ask questions for these verbs. Form from them an indefinite form and emphasize the sign of the initial form.
Carrying, running, whistling, driving, cutting, looking for, drawing.
- Write out verbs from the poem in an indefinite form in two columns.
What to do? What to do?
Don't bother your mom ...
Don't beg your sister ...
No need to call
No need to wait
The infinitive is the initial meaning of the verb. The peculiarity of the infinitive is that it denotes only a pure action, not tied to the person who performs it, does not indicate whether one or more persons perform the action, and also does not give an idea of the time of the action. That is, the infinitive has no definiteness of the past, present or future tense.
This part of speech is also called the "indefinite form of the verb", because it does not characterize any details of the action being performed, revealing only its original meaning. Latin word infintus from which this term originated can be translated as "uncertain".
Indefinite verb form: rules and examples
The infinitive can only answer questions:
- "What to do?";
- "What to do?".
It is impossible, for example, to ask "Doing what?""What is he doing?","What are we doing?""What are they doing?""What you are doing?","What did you do?""What will you do?", since the infinitive is the indefinite form of the verb. The timing and face remain unclear, and no reference is given to the details of what is happening.
Infinitive suffixes
The infinitive ends with word-forming suffixes:
- - to give birth, grow up, die;
- -ch, - to protect, burn, whip;
- - to carry, grow, row.
It can also be supplemented with a postfix. -sia (-sia), by which we can judge which indefinite form of the verb is irreversible and which is reversible:
-s (-sia) - toil, pray, beware.
Infinitive features
An infinitive is a form of a verb that always remains unchanged. It cannot be conjugated, represented in a different tense or person. Infinitives can only have constant verb features that are present in any verbs, regardless of their form. These features include transitivity / intransition, recurrence / irreversibility, and perfection / imperfection.
Transitional and intransitive infinitives
The transitivity of a verb is determined in accordance with the presence of an additional word of the indefinite form of the verb, denoting an object or phenomenon to which the action is partially transferred. Intransitive verbs consist of a single word that directly denotes an action. The transitional infinitive can include:
- nouns or accusative pronouns without a preposition: make an injection, thread;
- nouns in the genitive case, without a preposition, which express the share of something, or participation: wait for trouble, pour water;
- nouns or pronouns in the genitive case, if the verb has a negative expression: not be able to ignore them.
Thus, these words are part of the verb, filling it with meaning, and without them the essence of the action is lost. Part of the action, in turn, passes on to an object or circumstance, giving it a specific semantic load.
Returnable and non-returnable infinitives
The indefinite form of the verb can also be reflexive and non-reflexive. Irretrievable verbs express an action performed by someone or something in relation to someone and something. Reflexive express an action directed by someone or something towards itself, or mean another other closed interaction or state of an object and have a postfix at the end -sya (sm)... On -sya the reflexive indefinite form of the verb usually ends. The rule says that reflexive verbs cannot be transitive.
Examples of non-returnable infinitives: put on, lower, peep... Examples of reflexive infinitives: dress, get down, sneak.
As we can see from the above examples, some reflexive verbs can be obtained from non-reflexive ones by simply adding a postfix -sya(as in the case of a couple " lower-lower-lower "). This changes only the direction of action, but the general meaning remains. In rare cases, according to the rules and norms for the use of verbs, it is impossible to use a verb in both its word forms - perfect and imperfect, as, for example, it is unacceptable for "to put on" the reflexive indefinite form of the verb (example " put on, put on "). "Put on" denotes an action performed in relation to an object or person, while "dress" can refer exclusively to the very object performing the action (it can be used in other word forms, but provided that this return value is preserved) ... Despite the fact that such a limited in use infinite form of the verb is rarely found, the rule remains the rule. Also, from some imperfect forms of verbs, we will not be able to compose a perfect one, based on their key meaning, which we can see on the example of the verb "to peep" is not possible peep for yourself. By the same principle, in the Russian language there is no imperfect form of the verb "to sneak" - you cannot " sneak"anything.
Perfect and imperfect infinitives
Infinitives can also be of perfect and imperfect form. The indefinite form of the imperfect verb expresses actions that continue in time, and do not have a specific binding - these are, as it were, eternal actions, and without additional indications in the context, it does not give us an idea of the completeness or incompleteness of the action. The question will be pertinent here "What to do?"... Examples:
Perfective infinitives indicate that the action has already been performed, or will certainly be performed, that the result already exists, or will still be (of course, in cases of negation or question, it can have a relatively indefinite coloration). The question will be pertinent here "What to do?"... Examples:
- After reading the note, it should have been burned.
- Thank me for not having to burn this note.
- Were you instructed to burn the note?
Only a small number of dual infinitives contain the Russian language. The indefinite form of the verb, which refers simultaneously to both the perfect form and the imperfect one, can be used this way and that, depending on the environment, without changing its word form. That is, she also answers the question "What to do?", and to the question "What to do?"... Examples:
- An order has been received to execute all traitors in the future. - "What to do?";
- An order was received to execute the traitor. - "What to do?";
- In the village, they used to marry girls quickly. - "What to do?";
- By the fall, Martha managed to marry all her girls. - "What to do?";
- It's hard to tell your heart. - "What to do?"
- How to tell your heart not to love? - "What to do?"
- It is very interesting to explore the caves, but at the same time it is dangerous. - "What to do?"
- Tomorrow we have to explore these caves. - "What to do?"
- You can attack them from any direction while I smash them head-on. - "What to do?"
- You will have to attack them from the right, and I will come in from the flank. - "What to do?"
Conjugation of verbs
The conjugation of verbs reflects their change in accordance with the person and number. Although the infinitives themselves cannot have persons, numbers or gender, and, therefore, cannot be conjugated, they nevertheless serve as a derivational basis for other verbs, therefore they are attributed to any of the two verb groups by the conjugation type - either to I , or to II. Endings of indefinite verbs belonging to the first group: -e, -yu(except for exception verbs). The forms of these verbs endings -u and -yu, -e and -eh, -e and -e, -e and -e, -e and -e... Endings of indefinite verbs belonging to the second group: -and and on -I am(except for exception verbs). When conjugated, the forms of these verbs endings -y and -yu, -you, -it, -im, -it, -at and -yat.
Infinitive function in a sentence
Verbs, as usual, perform the function of a predicate in a sentence. Together with the subjects, they form the grammatical basis of sentences. However, the infinitive, due to its peculiarities of use, can perform completely different functions in a sentence. Therefore, the role of any of the members of the sentence in this case can be played by the indefinite form of the verb. An example of using infinitives as different members of a sentence:
Morphological parsing of the infinitive in a sentence
To carry out the morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence, you need to determine its part of speech, general grammatical meaning, ask him questions, define a word form, indicate constant and non-constant morphological features, as well as its function in the sentence. Since the indefinite form of the verb does not change, the morphological analysis of the infinitive is carried out without indicating non-permanent verbal signs.
April 21, 2017An infinitive is an indefinite or initial form of a verb. It would seem what a simple thing! But this linguistic phenomenon has its own characteristics and even "pitfalls", which will be discussed later in this article.
Brief description of the infinitive in Russian
An indefinite verb is what we see written in a dictionary entry. It has no mood, face, number, time, that is, it is not changed depending on who performs the action, since there is simply no such subject. However, such a verb still has some features - form (perfect or imperfect) and conjugation (first or second). In addition, it is characterized by recurrence or irreversibility, as well as transient or intransitive.
How to understand that a verb is in the infinitive
To determine that a given form of a word denoting an action is in fact an infinitive, you need to ask questions of the indefinite form of the verb. These include: " what to do?"(For example," read "or" talk ") or" what to do?"(For example," give "or" drink "). If the verb answers them, then it is in the initial form.
In addition, there are always suffixes in the infinitive in Russian: -t-, -ty-, -ch-, -th- and -st-... It is worth noting that some linguists claim that these are the endings of indefinite verbs, since this morpheme is subject to change. However, the controversy continues to this day.
What is the indefinite form of the verb used for?
It is the Russian language that is quite rich in various possibilities of using the infinitive. The indefinite form of a verb can be a subject, predicate, definition, object in a sentence, and also be a constituent part verbal predicate, to express the imperative mood or the future tense. Next, we will take a closer look at each of the listed cases using examples.
Specific syntactic roles of the verb in the initial form
So, a verb in an indefinite form is a subject if it is characterized in any way. For example:
- Drawing was the meaning of his life.
- Being a mother is the meaning of Svetlana's life.
In these sentences " paint" and " to be (mother)»Are subject, since they are separate, independent actions.
In addition, a sentence can contain two infinitives, one of which characterizes the other:
- To live is to love.
Then here " live"- subject, and" be in love"- predicate. In this case, it is easy to determine the member of the sentence: the subject goes to the predicate. Also, instead of " means" there can be a dash or the words " this "," is"And the like.
An infinitive can be a definition if it appears in this form, for example:
- He went to bed with a firm resolve to read a book tomorrow..
It turns out that the verb "read" here answers the question "how?" With what decision did he go to bed? Read (book tomorrow). That is, a verb of an indefinite form is a definition if it refers to a noun that means necessity, decision, desire, expression of will, and the like.
An indefinite form of a verb can also be an object, if, for example, it is used in such a phrase:
- Dad asked Lena to pick up a pencil.
That is, the verb "asked" here has a full lexical meaning... Both verbs refer to different people (« asked"- to dad, and" to raise"- to Lena).
The infinitive is a constituent part of the verb predicate, if used with a verb that denotes the beginning, continuation or completion of an action, that is, it has an auxiliary meaning. For example:
- The puppy quickly began to fall asleep.
- The teacher continued to teach the lesson.
"Started" and " continued"- these are the verbs, therefore" fall asleep" and " lead " are predicate parts.
The infinitive expresses the imperative mood, if used in a commanding tone. For example, the squad leader may order: “ Be silent!", And the captain of the ship yells:" All hands on deck!»
The initial form of the verb expresses the future tense in sentences like this:
- Yes, Ivan should not be a pilot!
That is, it should contain a certain shade of annoyance or regret.
Common spelling mistakes
In most cases, the indefinite verb is an easy thing to spell, but sometimes people get confused. This happens when the verb is reflexive. The soft sign before the suffix is simply forgotten - Xia-, so it turns out that the verb is in the third person and singular. And sometimes it makes reading comprehension very difficult.
In order to avoid mistakes and correctly write suffixes (or endings of verbs of an indefinite form), each time you need to ask them mentally questions: “h what to do?"Or" h what to do?»If the verb clearly answers exactly to them, it is necessary to put a soft sign. For example, in the last word in the sentence " Petya is going to sleep tonight " a soft sign is put, since Peter going to what to do? Get some sleep.
Thus, the verb of the indefinite form is a rather interesting and important part of the language that can be used in different cases, the main thing is to master them well.
Any verb can be put in such a form, which is called the initial form. It is also called indefinite verb or infinitive... The indefinite form of the verb received this name due to the fact that it does not show either time, number, person, or gender, that is, these signs are not defined.
Verbs in an indefinite form answer the questions of what to do? what to do? The verbs that answer the question what to do? Are imperfective verbs. The verbs that answer the question what to do? Are perfective verbs.
The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in - be or - ti(sing, dance, walk, get out, find, carry, crawl). These are suffixes. An indefinite form can be obtained with the help of other inflectional suffixes: -is (to steal), -to carry (to carry, to row).
Sometimes the indefinite form of the verb ends in -ch, but these letters are part of the root: they guard - guard (the root guard-, guard-), lie down - lie down (root lie-, lie-). In some textbooks for elementary school -ch is considered a suffix, and in high school they teach that -ch is included in the root.
In the indefinite form of verbs, if it does NOT end in –ti, it is always written ь. It is also written after the letter h (-ch) - this is a spelling for the rule: ь in the indefinite form of the verb.
The vowel letters in the indefinite form of the verbs before -ty are most often suffixes. They can be different: -a, -e, -i, -i, -o.
If they are unstressed, then in their place there is always a spelling. These letters-suffixes cannot be determined by the rule, they can only be recognized by the dictionary and memorized.
Suffix -a: hear, swim, jump, listen
Suffix -e: to see, to offend, to depend
Suffix –i: build, iron, cook, glue, set, build
Suffix - I: bark, melt, blow, sow
Verbs often contain a special suffix -sy or -s... It is special because it is after. To distinguish it from other suffixes, scientists gave it their name - postfix("Attached after"). Examples: swim, listen.
There is confusion about the indefinite form of the verb and the verbs used in the complex future tense. The future difficult tense is formed just from the imperfective verbs and answers the questions what will I do? What will they do ?, formed from the verb to be (I will write, will smile). Although in this case the infinitive remains the infinitive, the teacher in primary school teach that this is the future tense, not the initial form. In the future difficult tense, only the verb "to be" changes in persons and numbers.
Morphological signs of the infinitive
The infinitive or indefinite form of the verb is the unchangeable, unconjugated form of the verb. It has only constant grammatical features of verbs:
View- perfect, denoting a completed action (rewrite, wash), imperfect (cook, give).
Returnability- returnable (to be heard, to wrap up), irrevocable (to fold, close).
Transitivity- transitional (read a book, see a picture), intransient (have fun, live).
Conjugation- I conjugation (do, mix) and II conjugation (love, draw).
Also, the infinitive of the verb is inherent inflectional sign of a pledge: active voice (Mom decided to make lasagna); passive voice (Lasagna should be ready soon).
We train in the formation of verbs of an indefinite form
Let's find verbs in an indefinite form in the text.
It's good in summer early (what to do?) To get up and (what to do?) Go to the lake. It's nice (what to do?) Sunbathe in the sun, (what to do?) Swim in clear water, (what to do?) Pick mushrooms and berries in the forest, (what to do?) Listen to birdsong. It is interesting (what to do?) To observe the behavior of insects, (what to do?) To play football with friends. It is useful (what to do?) To work in the garden and in the garden, (what to do?) To help the elders with the housework. I AM ( what will I do?) will Great conduct(complex future tense, singular, not n.f.) time in summer.
Let's put the verbs in an indefinite form.
Let's take - what shall we do ?, what shall we do? take
Let's add - what shall we do ?, what shall we do? add
Shake it up - what shall we do? What shall we do? whip
Pour out - what shall we do? What shall we do? pour out
Let's add - what shall we do ?, what shall we do? add
Let's mix - what shall we do ?, what shall we do? mix
We bake - what do we do? What do we do? bake
Flowed - what did you do ?, last century, what to do? leak (root tech-leak)
I cut - what am I doing ?, present, what should I do ?, cut (root cut-cut)
I will save - what will I do ?, bud.v., what to do?
I will captivate - what will I do ?, bud.v., what to do ?, captivate (root attract)
Form indefinite verbs using these suffixes and prefixes.
Prefixes VZ-, PO-, PRI-, OT-. Roots -SLEEP-, -CASHL-, -PLYAS-. Suffixes -ИВА-, -НУ-, -ИВА-, -А-, -Я-, -СЯ.
Take a nap - prefix vz-, suffix -nu-,
nap - prefix po, suffix -а,
cough - the prefix is po, the suffix is -я-,
to clear your throat - prefix from-, suffix -я-,
to dance - prefix po, suffix -a-,
to dance - prefix prefix-, suffix -yva-,
to dance - the prefix ot-, suffix -yva-.
