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I was killed in the war
Victor Elmanov
© Victor Elmanov, 2015
Created in the intellectual publishing system Ridero.ru
Kostroma, December, 1996.
Poetess Maria Chapygina.
Maria Chapygina:
No, he didn't want to die!
He only wanted to live and laugh.
Mother who turned gray in tears:
He was only nineteen!
No, he didn't want to die!
Favorite girl crying.
He suddenly ... did not have time to escape
From mines howling thinly.
We were all waiting for our relatives,
It's hard to come to terms with loss.
Did he die in the forties?
No. Just yesterday. In the nineties ...
A short pause.
Maria Chapygina:
- Here's a poem ...
Grozny, February, 1995.
Outskirts. Private one-story houses. Military trucks and equipment are moving along the street, raising clouds of dust.
One of the central streets of Grozny. Miraculously survived bus stop.
The guys from the riot police and the marines; the building of the former Muslim center in Grozny; grave with a wooden plaque.
“We were transferred to Grozny and attached to the Kostroma OMON. They settled in the basement of the former Muslim center. And even earlier there was a district committee of the party. Not far from us, right on the lawn, is a grave. This is after the January battles. They buried then right in the city. And they didn't put any signs - they just buried them in the ground. And many were not even buried, they were covered with something - and that's all ... "
Kostroma, December, 1996.
Police Lieutenant Colonel Nikolai Galkin.
Nikolay Galkin:
- The picture was depressing: corpses all around. Everything was littered, but it was impossible to pick up - the snipers were working ... Such a depressing picture was ...
- What troops did you contact?
- We contacted the internal troops. Four armored vehicles with crews were assigned to us. But, you know, the guys are young, eighteen years old. The commander of the armored vehicle, the crew, he still has to study and study, but he was drafted into the army and sent to such a meat grinder. It was already necessary to appoint armored personnel carriers from among our guys-officers, to take them under their command, and so serve. But I won't tell, we got some good guys with soldiers. Everyone understood. They ate porridge with us, shared everything like in a war, everything like a brother.
Grozny, February, 1995.
The guys from the riot police and the marines wash, shave, cut each other's hair, prepare food.
From the diary of Alexei Safonov:
“We are settling down a little ...
A puppy came running from somewhere. The guys nicknamed him "Chechen" ...
Often women come up to us and talk about painful things. The guys filmed one such story ”.
Female:
- There was not enough good ... I had two sons killed in December and January ... (Cries).
The soldier's hands unfold a sheet of school notebook folded in four.
From the diary of Alexei Safonov:
“When I was handed this letter - it was a complete surprise! I even thought at first it was a joke. But this is a real letter. How it got here, to Chechnya, is completely incomprehensible! True, the name of the sender is unfamiliar to me. But, anyway, I'm very glad! So glad that I even decided to rewrite the letter in my diary. Here it is…"
Text of the letter.
“Hello, Alexey.
With greetings to you Zhenya.
This letter will probably surprise you very much, maybe you will not be happy with this concern. But then please excuse me.
Do you think what I have to do with you and why I decided to write? I just saw Yura's mother and asked if they took you to the army or not? She said that she had already received a letter from you and gave me your address. And I asked her, maybe someone you have, in the sense of a girl, and she writes to you, but she replied that you have no one.
Things are going on as usual, I don't go anywhere, I sit at home. Maybe you ask a question about Onlyka, then I have absolutely nothing to do with him and do not want to have. But that seems to be all for now. Goodbye. With regards, Zhenya, I hope I haven't forgotten, although you and I are not very familiar, except at Aunt Vali's when I was with them. But nothing, I hope we will be very familiar, and, of course, it will depend on you.
Goodbye again.
I am waiting for an answer if you write. "
The soldier's hands fold the sheet.
From the diary of Alexei Safonov:
“The surname of the girl Kulikov. I don’t remember who it is, although the house where she lives is not far from mine. ”
Kostroma, December, 1996.
- Was there a tough daily routine?
Nikolay Galkin:
- It is impossible without strict discipline on such a business trip. At seven o'clock, getting up, washing, at eight o'clock breakfast. At eight twenty we were already given the task: either we went to clean up the area or to demining.
Nikolai Galkin watches footage on TV: an armored personnel carrier is moving along a narrow street in the private sector of Grozny, followed by riot police; search of suspects; riot policemen approach a private house, look into the basement; the military man, stepping carefully, enters the room; half-overturned baby cot; a dead dog on the floor in a pool of blood.
- We were combing the forest ...
Nikolay Galkin:
- Zelenka was combed. Just from the north side, brilliant green came close to us, that is, thickets of dense bushes. When it blooms in spring, almost nothing is visible from twenty meters away, and at night there was constant shelling from there. And so we combed it twice. They found streamers there, signs along which the militants walked, and shelters.
Footage on TV: a detachment of riot police is approaching the greenhouse; riot policemen enter the thickets, move carefully; one riot policeman, noticing a building ahead, shoots at its window from a grenade launcher; explosion of a grenade inside the building.
- And did you return when, was there a certain time, at such and such a gathering?
Nikolay Galkin:
- You understand, time was appointed for each operation, we are leaving for three hours, but it did not always work out. Sometimes it was six o'clock. But it also happened in two hours. It depended on the volume of the operation being carried out.
- But in the evening we returned.
- Yes, in the evening everything ... In the evening, supper. For whom and lunch at the same time, checking the weapons is mandatory. And the appointment to the outfit, that is, at night, the divorce of the outfit. A duty officer was appointed - he was in charge around the clock - who monitored the change of outfits and the safety of weapons.
- Hang up at ten o'clock?
- As such, the release ... it all depended on the situation. Because if the shelling began, what kind of retreat could there be? ..
TV footage: riot police sleeping on the floor; two are standing, shivering from the cold, yawning.
Nikolay Galkin:
- ... And so at ten or eleven o'clock, to really give people sleep. But such a dream, a normal, human sleep, was not a single day. People are in suspense, constant shelling, bombing ...
A helicopter flying over the city.
From the diary of Alexei Safonov:
“I reread this Zhenya Kulikova’s letter today.
Who is she? It is clear that from our yard. I looked secretly, fell in love. Somewhere Yurka's mother knows. Took her address. And boldly asked - do I have a girlfriend? Actually, there is. For all the time I sent one postcard - that's all. And here, in the army, especially now, in Chechnya, I so want to be written letters to you, to congratulate you on the holidays. By the way, today is our holiday - the twenty-third of February ”.
In a cramped room, riot police are sitting, one of them is reading a holiday order.
Riot police:
- Fighting friends! On behalf of the operational headquarters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of the Chechen Republic, I congratulate you on the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. In difficult combat conditions, we celebrate this holiday, but this is the purpose of people in epaulets: to be where it is difficult, where it is dangerous, where blood is shed, where real male strength and will are needed. Fidelity to service military duty, the desire to preserve the unity of great Russia brought together the army, militia and internal troops on Chechen soil into a single peacekeeping detachment. And even though we cannot today be at festive tables with family and friends, we honor this holy holiday for our fathers and grandfathers and try to be worthy successors of their glorious traditions. Thank you for your courage, dedication and professional skill! They guarantee our return to our family and friends. Many thanks to our comrades who died here in battles with bandits. Great sorrow for them and eternal memory to them. I wish you all happiness, health, success in your service, well-being, and I wish the wounded a speedy recovery. Today you have proved that the Fatherland can rely on you. Happy Holidays!
Major General of Militia Khrapov, head of the control group of the operational headquarters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Nikolay Galkin:
- Guys, I ask, let's honor the memory of those fighter guys who stayed on this earth and who are not with us.
Everyone gets up. A minute of silence.
Nikolay Galkin:
- Please sit down.
They all sit down.
Nikolay Galkin (addresses the riot policeman):
- Well, Alexander Nikolaevich, will you have a festive dinner?
Riot police:
- Pasta.
Everyone laughs.
Street on the outskirts of Grozny. Burnt Muslim mosque. Houses with cross-glued glass in the windows. Tanks are standing by the side of the road.
From the diary of Alexei Safonov:
“For the third day I am going through all the girls I know in my head. There is an opportunity to forward a letter to this Zhenya Kulikova, but I have a brake. And I want to answer! For some reason she seems so lonely. Sorry for her! And then, who is this Tolka? Why doesn't she want to have any relationship with him? Has he offended her with something? .. Here is a brake in my head, eh! With this Chechnya you will completely cheat. They say they show us all so good on TV! And here is enough! And shit too! .. Yesterday riot police from Orenburg caught the marauder soldiers ... The last watch was taken from one woman. Prapor was offended by the riot police and wanted to explode a grenade. They say he has already pulled out the pin. They barely took it away. "
Kostroma, December, 1996.
Nikolai Galkin is watching footage on TV: drunk soldiers; riot police search
end of introductory snippet
Attention! This is an introductory excerpt from the book.
If you liked the beginning of the book, then the full version can be purchased from our partner - distributor of legal content LLC "Liters".
A portrait of Alexander Buzin, who died in the Chechen war, is installed on a curbstone in front of the entrance to the hall. A candle is burning. Fresh flowers lie.
The book exhibition "Soldiers are not born", dedicated to the memory of the soldiers who served in Chechnya, has been decorated.
The song "Memory" sounds. Slide "Dedicated to the Living and the Dead."
Our country failed to leave all the troubles and tragedies in the last century. Russia came to the New century and millennium with the Chechen war - cruel and merciless. And although war is never merciful, it is always a tragedy, pain, tears, death ... and the current, as it is called, the second Chechen company, is even more terrible because it has become commonplace for us. People were already accustomed to even the reports on the death toll, they looked indifferently at the TV screens, where footage from the devastating Grozny flashed.
And the very stories from the Chechen war, which used to open any newscast, have now migrated to the second, third, fifth places ...
This war has no history yet. It is not written. We know as much about her as it is not dangerous for us to know so as not to see ourselves as we are. But a lot has been said about the reasons for this bloodshed, a lot has been written about how the hostilities were conducted there. But one thing is clear: there was a war.
There, in Chechnya, our soldiers - young guys - were on watch. And no matter where each of them was - neutralizing any charger, bypassing the notorious Minutka Square in Grozny, or standing on duty - they had to fulfill their military duty with dignity, as befits a real man.
And we ... We had to wait for them. And do everything possible so that our guys feel supported, be sure that they are remembered, loved and expected.
B. Galkin "Russia"
What has become of us now ...
How tired Russia is ...
And what other war awaits Russia?
I don't want blood
And we don't need glory
There are so few of us left
And Russia is one.And obedient soldiers
On solemn dates
About birches and maples
A sweet voice sings
The epaulettes will be ashamed
Defend the bastions
Stolen life
Those and these gentlemen.The wounds of the body will heal
If it hurts.
Well, and if they incite -
Let's go to each other.
Drink our blood again
Power is a blind crow.
I probably will not meet
Two thousandth year.Underground in Stalingrad
Minted awards
Lingering rains
Tears of Russian Matren
Across Siberia, across the Don,
Around Russia for a long time
The alarm will not subside
And a prayer bell.Only if souls were resurrected
And with hope and song
Everyone who believes has stood up.
That Russia is one
Brother, father and childhood friend,
For Russia, all together!
Our wounds will heal
But the soul - never!
Of course, it's not easy to wait. Especially to parents whose children served in the North Caucasian Military District. More than 150 guys from our Sovetsky district were on watch there. It so happened that letters from them did not come for months.
And then their relatives went to the Committee of Soldiers' Mothers - to learn at least something about the fate of their boys. The Committee of Soldiers' Mothers "Sibiryachka" in Sovetskiy in November 1999 was registered as an independent public organization. In just a month and a half in 2001, Sibiryachka received about 50 applications, where parents asked to find the guys from whom there were no letters for a long time, asked to help deal with cases of hazing in military units, unauthorized abandonment of military units. This is that huge invisible work that few people know about.
The war in Chechnya has left an indelible mark on the hearts of many of us. After the defeat in Afghanistan, our politicians had to not get involved in an even more terrible war. The reasons were clear not to let go of Chechnya. This is also the problem of territorial integrity, as the most important condition for statehood; economic reasons: Chechnya is oil. There were also historical reasons. The religious factor also played an important role.
As a result, the value of a person, his rights and freedom, contrary to the constitutional norm, yielded to the supremacy of the interests of oil structures, the military-industrial complex.
But whatever the reasons, the fate of the soldiers was decided by the military leaders. And the boys had to suffer, who yesterday sat at the school desk and never sniffed gunpowder. The mothers had to worry, whose children went to the army: someone was destined to meet disabled children, someone was to bury them.
Over the entire period of hostilities, 44 young men from the city of Sovetsky were called up to Chechnya, Yugorsk - 47, Agirish - 8, Alyabyevo - 3, Zelenoborsk - 5, Kommunistichesky - 5, Taezhniy - 6, Pionersky - 15. Malinovsky - 4. Seven soldiers killed, two missing. Eleven people were injured, two of them died in peacetime, 15 soldiers were awarded orders and medals, 1 received the title of Hero of Russia, posthumously.
They still do not understand: what they fought for, what they died for ... But they know that war is a cruel and terrible phenomenon. And as long as there is anger and hatred on earth, there will be wars that inflict war wounds on people, take away children and loved ones from life.
Slide "Portrait of A. Buzin"
We dedicated our evening to Alexander Buzin, our fellow countryman, who died almost 15 years ago in the Chechen war.
This happened at a time when the end of hostilities in Chechnya had not yet been announced. This happened on May 21, 1996. It was on that day that Private Alexander Buzin died. Or rather junior sergeant A. Buzin. Alexander never found out that a few days before his death, he was awarded the rank of junior sergeant.
Of the 12 Heroes of Russia who were awarded this title posthumously in the Chechen war, the first, and possibly the only one in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, is Alexander Buzin, a guy from our town Sovetsky.
On May 21, “on this tragic day,” he took part in a raid by an airborne assault group on the rear of the militants. During the operation, the instructor of the mine detection department, together with his four-legged assistant John, found and defused 16 mines and 4 landmines, then the group was ambushed. Alexander was the first to understand this, he walked ahead and, in order to warn his comrades, opened fire on the militants. In this short battle, Buzin was mortally wounded ...
The poem "I was killed in the Chechen war", written by the primary school teacher Akinfova Evgenia Pavlovna.
I was a boy I was smart and lively,
In the corridor with friends "booze"
Received both fives and deuces
But he loved his school.Take your time, wait guys!
Have a quiet conversation with me.
And say: “What a funny one!
And how young he is! "Wait, girls laugh,
Look at this portrait,
I just turned 20
And I’m no longer, I just don’t ...I saw this terrible war,
I went into battle with a submachine gun.
So that no one offends you here,
So that no one kills you here!I would run on the football field
And meet a friend in the spring ...
I did not return from the battle in the spring
I was killed in the Chechen war.Mother weeps, grieves, suffering,
Over my early grave,
Yes, it sings, pouring in the spring,
Podporozhsky crazy nightingale.Visit mom's apartment,
Visit my dear.
So that she knew what about her son.
Someone remembers in their native land.Mourn and you are over the grave,
Bring flowers of the field.
To smell my sweet homeland,
On my unearthly roads.
Slide "Obelisk to A. Buzinu"
Soviet city. Quiet cemetery. Monument with a name. Age 20 years old.
What was Alexander Buzin like? How did you live? What is left of a life of only 20 years?
Alexander's childhood was spent in our city. Since school, Alexander dreamed of becoming a wood artist. It is no coincidence, after finishing the eighth grade, he went to study at the Soviet PU-11, where he received an education of interest to him - a carpenter of artistic furniture, a furniture maker-machine operator. After graduating from college, he worked in his specialty for only 10 months. Then he was drafted into the army. He did not grumble at fate, which prevented him from enjoying what he had achieved for some time. He was completely ready for army trials. And he believed that after serving, like everyone else, he would return home, to his mother, to his beloved work.
“I don’t know why ...” Words by A. Vertinsky.
I don't know why, and who needs it,
Who sent them to death
Not with a trembling hand.
It's just so useless
So evil and unnecessary
Let them go to eternal rest.Cautious spectators
Silently wrapped themselves in fur coats
And some woman with a distorted face
Kissed the dead man on his blue lips
And threw a wedding ring at the priest.Throwed them with Christmas trees, kneaded them with mud
And they went to their homes on the quiet to interpret,
That it's time to put an end to the disgrace
That already soon we will begin to starve.And nobody thought of just kneeling
And tell these boys
What's in a mediocre country
Even bright feats are just steps
Into the endless abysses of an impenetrable war.
The local newspapers later told about the service of Alexander Buzin, about him as a man, an excellent warrior, a reliable comrade in the essay "Give me a paw for luck".
As the colleagues of Alexander Buzin said, John was very loyal to his master. Immediately after the unfolding tragedy, John did not allow anyone to approach the owner's body. To your place - more than three days! Having been blown up by a mine, like the owner, he also received a severe gunshot wound. The dog survived the owner only for a month. John passed away on June 23rd.
This is what Buzin's colleagues tell us.
Maybe it is these memories that will help us answer the question. : "What is human life?"
Junior Sergeant Vladimir Biryukov reports:
We called up with Buzin at the same time. From the first day Alexander dreamed of being near the aviary, to feel like a trainer. In addition to his diligence, he was distinguished by such qualities as love for animals and the ability to convey to them the most necessary. Already in the first half of the year, Private A. Buzin proved himself to be the best, he was grateful.
The assistant to the head of the group for work with personnel of Art. Lieutenant Petr Anatolyevich Belashev:
Private Buzin did not stand out in anything special. On assignments, like most military personnel, he was executive. But I was always attracted to him by such a detail as the correspondence of the height to the size of the boots.
Alexander was not very tall, if not the opposite. And the boots were large - a sort of peasant from the woods. When he and his colleagues were preparing for his first trip to Chechnya, a small incident occurred. Everyone was picking up, fitting uniforms. They began to try on bulletproof vests. Private A. Buzin also began to try on a bulletproof vest. When I saw him in armor, I just smiled. It seemed that he was swaying under the weight, a little more and he would fall. But it was only a passing impression.
On his first business trip, he proved that he makes an excellent fighter and a good comrade.
Comrade-in-arms, Private Oleg Alinovsky, tells:
Sasha was very charming. They easily communicated with him, the guy had a great attitude to humor and never took offense at jokes. In general, he was very calm.
By private Andrey Telegin:
He was a great hairdresser. All your haircuts - just ask. Anyway, he was a great guy.
In early May 1996, Alexander Buzin, as the most trained and experienced specialist, was assigned to the reconnaissance unit of the airborne division. Reconnaissance operations began in the rear, in the Bamut area. On May 21, as part of an airborne assault group, he left for a long voyage along the rear of the militants. As befits a mine detection dog instructor, Private Alexander Buzin was in front of the group. The operation lasted not a single hour. The instructor with the dog managed to find and neutralize 20 mines and land mines. At some point, Alexander felt someone's heavy looks on him. There was no time to think. He opened fire on the entrenched militants. Calling fire on himself, Alexander thereby warned his comrades about the ambush. He himself was mortally wounded in a short battle.
Sasha died in the arms of comrades in arms.
Years will pass. Much will, of course, be forgotten over time. The current discussions about the "Afghans" and "Chechens" and the reproaches that hurt them so painfully will sink into oblivion. Wounds will heal, reminding of themselves to bad weather. The military orders will fade, the soldiers will have children. But these wars will forever remain in the memory of nothing indelible tragic mark.
There will be poems and songs born in the war, telling about the strength of spirit and courage of the Russian soldier.
There is a modest obelisk in the homeland of Alexander Buzin. This is material evidence of the memory of the Hero of Russia.
Well, the non-material evidence is in the memory of his colleagues, in the memory of those who served with him in the unit.
In the memory of those whom he saved in Chechnya, disarming mines and land mines.
The commander Suvorov defined six qualities necessary for a soldier, and said that he "should be healthy, brave, decisive, just, pious."
The current Russian soldier, serving in Chechnya, needs many others in addition to these qualities. And above all, wisdom and patience. He owes a debt, withstanding the onslaught of conflicting information, orienting himself in the Caucasian political intricacies, not succumbing to provocations.
As you know, wars do not end with that long-awaited moment when weapons cease. They continue in the souls of those who participated in them. And this war on Chechen soil is no exception. It will remind of itself for a long time - as long as the mothers who have lost their breadwinners are alive, as long as the wounds of the warriors hurt.
Russian soldiers who returned from the Chechen war brought with them a kind of renewed love for the Motherland. To some extent, they have returned to us the high concept of patriotism, courage, military and human duty.
The song "Memory" sounds
We present to you the release of photographs by Alexander Nemenov about the First Chechen War and the history of this military conflict. (Attention! This issue contains photographs that may seem unpleasant or intimidating)
1. The first Chechen war (the Chechen conflict of 1994-1996, the First Chechen campaign, Restoration of constitutional order in the Chechen Republic) - hostilities between the troops of Russia (the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs) and the unrecognized Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in Chechnya, and some settlements of the neighboring regions of the Russian North Caucasus, with the aim of taking control of the territory of Chechnya, where in 1991 the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was proclaimed.
2. Officially, the conflict was defined as “measures to maintain constitutional order”, military actions were called “the first Chechen war”, less often “Russian-Chechen” or “Russian-Caucasian war”. The conflict and the events preceding it were characterized by a large number of victims among the population, military and law enforcement agencies, and facts of ethnic cleansing of the non-Chechen population in Chechnya were noted.
3. Despite certain military successes of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the results of this conflict were the withdrawal of Russian units, massive destruction and casualties, the de facto independence of Chechnya before the Second Chechen War and a wave of terror that swept across Russia.
4. Since the beginning of perestroika in various republics of the Soviet Union, including Checheno-Ingushetia, various nationalist movements have become more active. One of such organizations was the National Congress of the Chechen People (ACCN), created in 1990, which aimed at the secession of Chechnya from the USSR and the creation of an independent Chechen state. It was headed by former general of the Soviet Air Force Dzhokhar Dudayev.
5. On June 8, 1991, at the II session of the OKChN, Dudayev proclaimed the independence of the Chechen Republic Nokhchi-cho; thus, a dual power developed in the republic.
6. During the "August putsch" in Moscow, the leadership of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic supported the GKChP. In response, on September 6, 1991, Dudayev announced the dissolution of the republican state structures, accusing Russia of "colonial" policy. On the same day, Dudayev's guards stormed the building of the Supreme Soviet, the television center and the House of Radio. More than 40 deputies were beaten, and the chairman of the Grozny city council, Vitaly Kutsenko, was thrown out of the window, as a result of which he died. On this occasion, the head of the Chechen Republic Zavgaev D.G. spoke in 1996 at a meeting of the State Duma, "Yes, on the territory of the Chechen-Ingush Republic (today it is divided) the war began in the fall of 1991, namely the war against the multinational people, when the criminal some support from those who today here also show an unhealthy interest in the situation, have drenched these people with blood.The first victim of what is happening was precisely the people of this republic, and the Chechens in the first place.The war began when Vitaly Kutsenko, chairman of the Grozny city council, was killed in broad daylight , during a meeting of the Supreme Council of the republic. When Besliyev, the vice-rector of the state university was shot in the street. When Kankalik, the rector of the same state university, was killed. When up to 30 people were found murdered on the streets of Grozny every day in the fall of 1991. When, since the fall of 1991, and until 1994, Grozny's morgues were packed to the ceiling, local TV announcements asking to pick up, find out who is there, and so on. - Zavgaev D.G., Head of the Chechen Republic, transcript of the State Duma meeting dated July 19, 1996
8. The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Ruslan Khasbulatov then sent them a telegram: "I am pleased to learn about the resignation of the Armed Forces of the republic." After the collapse of the USSR, Dzhokhar Dudayev announced the final withdrawal of Chechnya from the Russian Federation. On October 27, 1991, presidential and parliamentary elections were held in the republic under the control of the separatists. Dzhokhar Dudayev became the president of the republic. These elections were declared illegal by the Russian Federation
9. On November 7, 1991, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree "On the introduction of a state of emergency in the Chechen-Ingush Republic (1991)". After these actions by the Russian leadership, the situation in the republic sharply deteriorated - supporters of the separatists surrounded the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB, military camps, blocked railroad and air hubs. In the end, the introduction of the state of emergency was thwarted, the Decree "On the introduction of a state of emergency in the Chechen-Ingush Republic (1991)" was canceled on November 11, three days after its signing, after a heated discussion at a meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and from the republic The withdrawal of Russian military units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs began, which was finally completed by the summer of 1992. The separatists began to seize and loot military depots.
10. Dudaev's forces got a lot of weapons: Two launchers of an operational-tactical missile system in a sky-ready state. 111 trainer aircraft L-39 and 149 L-29, aircraft converted into light attack aircraft; three MiG-17 fighters and two MiG-15 fighters; six An-2 and two Mi-8 helicopters, 117 R-23 and R-24 aircraft missiles, 126 R-60; about 7 thousand GSh-23 air shells. 42 T-62 and T-72 tanks; 34 BMP-1 and BMP-2; 30 BTR-70 and BRDM; 44 MT-LB, 942 cars. 18 MLRS Grad and more than 1000 shells for them. 139 artillery systems, including 30 122-mm D-30 howitzers and 24 thousand shells for them; as well as ACS 2S1 and 2S3; anti-tank guns MT-12. Five air defense systems, 25 memory units of various types, 88 MANPADS; 105 pcs. SAM S-75. 590 units of anti-tank weapons, including two ATGM Competition, 24 ATGM Fagot complexes, 51 ATGM Metis complexes, 113 RPG-7 complexes. About 50 thousand small arms, more than 150 thousand grenades. 27 wagons of ammunition; 1620 tons of fuels and lubricants; about 10 thousand sets of clothing items, 72 tons of food; 90 tons of medical equipment.
12. In June 1992, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Pavel Grachev ordered to transfer to the Dudayevites half of all weapons and ammunition available in the republic. According to him, this was a forced step, since a significant part of the "transferred" weapons had already been captured, and the rest could not be taken out due to the lack of soldiers and echelons.
13. The victory of the separatists in Grozny led to the collapse of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Malgobeksky, Nazranovsky and most of the Sunzhensky region of the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR formed the Republic of Ingushetia within the Russian Federation. Legally, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ceased to exist on December 10, 1992.
14. The exact border between Chechnya and Ingushetia has not been demarcated and to date (2012) has not been defined. During the Ossetian-Ingush conflict in November 1992, Russian troops were brought into the Prigorodny region of North Ossetia. Relations between Russia and Chechnya have sharply deteriorated. The Russian high command proposed at the same time to solve the "Chechen problem" by force, but then the entry of troops into the territory of Chechnya was prevented by the efforts of Yegor Gaidar.
16. As a result, Chechnya became de facto independent, but not legally recognized by any country, including Russia, as a state. The republic had state symbols - a flag, coat of arms and anthem, authorities - the president, parliament, government, secular courts. It was supposed to create a small Armed Forces, as well as the introduction of its own state currency - nahara. In the constitution, adopted on March 12, 1992, CRI was described as an "independent secular state", its government refused to sign a federal agreement with the Russian Federation.
17. In fact, the state system of the CRI turned out to be extremely ineffective and in the period 1991-1994 it was rapidly criminalized. In 1992-1993, over 600 premeditated murders were committed on the territory of Chechnya. For the period of 1993, 559 trains were attacked at the Grozny branch of the North Caucasian Railway, with full or partial looting of about 4 thousand wagons and containers worth 11.5 billion rubles. For 8 months of 1994, 120 armed attacks were committed, as a result of which 1156 wagons and 527 containers were looted. Losses amounted to more than 11 billion rubles. In 1992-1994, 26 railway workers were killed as a result of armed attacks. The current situation forced the Russian government to make a decision to stop traffic on the territory of Chechnya from October 1994
18. A special trade was the production of false advice notes, for which more than 4 trillion rubles were received. Hostage-taking and the slave trade flourished in the republic - according to Rosinformtsentr, in total 1,790 people have been kidnapped and illegally detained in Chechnya since 1992.
19. Even after that, when Dudayev stopped paying taxes to the general budget and banned Russian special services from entering the republic, the federal center continued to transfer funds from the budget to Chechnya. In 1993, 11.5 billion rubles were allocated to Chechnya. Until 1994, Russian oil continued to flow to Chechnya, while it was not paid for and was resold abroad.
20. The period of Dudayev's rule is characterized by ethnic cleansing against the entire non-Chechen population. In 1991-1994, the non-Chechen (primarily Russian) population of Chechnya was subjected to murder, attacks and threats from the Chechens. Many were forced to leave Chechnya, being expelled from their homes, abandoning or selling apartments to Chechens at low prices. In 1992 alone, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 250 Russians were killed in Grozny, 300 were missing. The morgues were filled with unidentified corpses. Widespread anti-Russian propaganda was fueled by relevant literature, direct insults and calls from the government tribunes, desecration of Russian cemeteries [
21. In the spring of 1993 in the CRI, the contradictions between President Dudayev and the parliament sharply escalated. On April 17, 1993, Dudayev announced the dissolution of the parliament, the constitutional court and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. On June 4, armed Dudayevites under the command of Shamil Basayev seized the building of the Grozny City Council, which hosted parliamentary and constitutional court sessions; thus, a coup d'etat took place in CRI. Amendments were made to the constitution adopted last year, Dudaev's personal power regime was established in the republic, which lasted until August 1994, when legislative powers were returned to parliament.
22. After the coup d'état on June 4, 1993, in the northern regions of Chechnya, not controlled by the separatist government in Grozny, an armed anti-Dudaev opposition was formed, which began an armed struggle against the Dudayev regime. The first opposition organization was the Committee for National Salvation (KNS), which carried out several armed actions, but was soon defeated and disintegrated. It was replaced by the Provisional Council of the Chechen Republic (VSChR), which proclaimed itself the only legal authority on the territory of Chechnya. The HSCR was recognized as such by the Russian authorities, who provided him with all kinds of support (including weapons and volunteers).
23. Since the summer of 1994, hostilities have unfolded in Chechnya between the troops loyal to Dudayev and the forces of the opposition Provisional Council. Troops loyal to Dudayev carried out offensive operations in the Nadterechny and Urus-Martan districts controlled by the opposition forces. They were accompanied by significant losses on both sides, tanks, artillery and mortars were used.
24. The forces of the parties were approximately equal, and none of them was able to gain the upper hand in the struggle.
25. In Urus-Martan alone in October 1994, the Dudayevites lost 27 people killed, according to opposition figures. The operation was planned by the chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Aslan Maskhadov. The commander of the opposition detachment in Urus-Martan, Bislan Gantamirov, lost from 5 to 34 people killed, according to various sources. In Argun in September 1994, a detachment of the opposition field commander Ruslan Labazanov lost 27 people. The opposition, in turn, carried out offensive actions in Grozny on September 12 and October 15, 1994, but each time it retreated without achieving a decisive success, although it did not suffer large losses.
26. On November 26, oppositionists unsuccessfully stormed Grozny for the third time. At the same time, a number of Russian servicemen, who "fought on the side of the opposition" under a contract with the Federal Counterintelligence Service, were captured by Dudaev's supporters.
27. Entry of Troops (December 1994)
At that time, the use of the expression "the introduction of Russian troops into Chechnya", according to the deputy and journalist Alexander Nevzorov, was, to a greater extent, caused by publicistic terminological confusion - Chechnya was part of Russia.
Even before the announcement of any decision by the Russian authorities, on December 1, Russian aviation struck the Kalinovskaya and Khankala airfields and disabled all the planes at the disposal of the separatists. On December 11, President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin signed Decree No. 2169 "On Measures to Ensure Legality, Law and Order and Public Safety in the Territory of the Chechen Republic." Later, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation recognized most of the decrees and decisions of the government, which justified the actions of the federal government in Chechnya, as consistent with the Constitution.
On the same day, units of the United Group of Forces (UGV), consisting of units of the Ministry of Defense and Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, entered the territory of Chechnya. The troops were divided into three groups and entered from three different sides - from the west from North Ossetia through Ingushetia), from the north-west from the Mozdok region of North Ossetia, directly bordering Chechnya, and from the east from the territory of Dagestan).
The eastern group was blocked in the Khasavyurt district of Dagestan by local residents - Chechens-Akkins. The western group was also blocked by local residents and came under fire near the village of Barsuki, however, using force, it nevertheless broke through into Chechnya. The most successful was the Mozdok group, which already on December 12 approached the village of Dolinsky, located 10 km from Grozny.
Near Dolinsky, Russian troops came under fire from the Chechen rocket artillery "Grad" and then fought for this settlement.
The Kizlyar group reached the village of Tolstoy-Yurt on December 15.
A new offensive by the UGV units began on December 19. The Vladikavkaz (western) grouping blocked Grozny from the western direction, bypassing the Sunzhensky ridge. On December 20, the Mozdok (northwestern) grouping occupied Dolinsky and blockaded Grozny from the northwest. The Kizlyar (eastern) group blocked Grozny from the east, and the paratroopers of the 104th airborne regiment blocked the city from the side of the Argun Gorge. At the same time, the southern part of Grozny was unblocked.
Thus, at the initial stage of hostilities, in the first weeks of the war, Russian troops were able to occupy the northern regions of Chechnya practically without resistance.
28. Storm of Grozny (December 1994 - March 1995)
In mid-December, federal troops began shelling the suburbs of Grozny, and on December 19, the first bombing strike was made on the city center. During the shelling and bombing, many civilians (including ethnic Russians) were killed and injured.
Despite the fact that Grozny still remained unblocked from the southern side, the storming of the city began on December 31, 1994. About 250 units of armored vehicles entered the city, extremely vulnerable in street battles. The Russian troops were poorly prepared, there was no interaction and coordination between the various units, and many soldiers had no combat experience. The troops had aerial photographs of the city, outdated city plans in limited numbers. The communications facilities were not equipped with closed communications equipment, which allowed the enemy to intercept the negotiations. The troops were informed of the order to occupy only industrial buildings, squares and the inadmissibility of intrusion into the houses of the civilian population.
The western grouping of forces was stopped, the eastern one also retreated and did not take any action until January 2, 1995. In the northern direction, the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 131st separate Maykop motorized rifle brigade (more than 300 people), a motorized rifle battalion and a tank company of the 81st Petrakuvsky motorized rifle regiment (10 tanks), under the command of General Pulikovsky, reached the railway station and the Presidential Palace. The federal forces were surrounded - the losses of the battalions of the Maikop brigade, according to official data, amounted to 85 people killed and 72 missing, 20 tanks were destroyed, the brigade commander, Colonel Savin, was killed, more than 100 servicemen were captured.
The eastern group under the command of General Rokhlin was also surrounded and bogged down in battles with separatist units, but, nevertheless, Rokhlin did not give the order to retreat.
On January 7, 1995, the "North-East" and "North" groupings were united under the command of General Rokhlin, and Ivan Babichev became the commander of the "West" grouping.
Russian troops changed their tactics - now, instead of the massive use of armored vehicles, they used maneuverable airborne assault groups, supported by artillery and aviation. Fierce street fighting broke out in Grozny.
Two groups moved to the Presidential Palace and by January 9 occupied the building of the oil institute and the Grozny airport. By January 19, these groups met in the center of Grozny and seized the Presidential Palace, but detachments of Chechen separatists withdrew across the Sunzha River and took up defensive positions on Minutka Square. Despite the successful offensive, Russian troops at that time controlled only about a third of the city.
By the beginning of February, the number of UGVs had been increased to 70,000. General Anatoly Kulikov became the new commander of the UGV.
Only on February 3, 1995 was the "South" grouping formed and the implementation of the plan to blockade Grozny from the southern side began. By February 9, Russian units reached the border of the federal highway "Rostov - Baku".
On February 13, in the village of Sleptsovskaya (Ingushetia), negotiations were held between the commander of the UGV Anatoly Kulikov and the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the CRI Aslan Maskhadov on the conclusion of a temporary truce - the parties exchanged lists of prisoners of war, and both sides were given the opportunity to take out the dead and wounded from the streets of the city. The truce, however, was violated by both sides.
In the 20th of February, street fighting continued in the city (especially in its southern part), but the Chechen detachments, deprived of support, gradually retreated from the city.
Finally, on March 6, 1995, a detachment of militants of the Chechen field commander Shamil Basayev retreated from Chernorechye, the last region of Grozny controlled by the separatists, and the city finally came under the control of Russian troops.
In Grozny, a pro-Russian administration of Chechnya was formed, headed by Salambek Khadzhiev and Umar Avturkhanov.
As a result of the storming of Grozny, the city was virtually destroyed and turned into ruins.
29. Establishment of control over the plain areas of Chechnya (March - April 1995)
After the storming of Grozny, the main task of the Russian troops was to establish control over the flat regions of the rebellious republic.
The Russian side began to conduct active negotiations with the population, convincing local residents to expel the militants from their settlements. At the same time, Russian units occupied dominant heights over villages and cities. Thanks to this, on March 15-23, Argun was taken, on March 30 and 31, the cities of Shali and Gudermes were taken without a fight, respectively. However, the militant detachments were not destroyed and left the settlements without hindrance.
Despite this, local battles took place in the western regions of Chechnya. On March 10, fighting began for the village of Bamut. On April 7-8, a combined detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, consisting of the Sofrinskaya brigade of internal troops and supported by detachments of SOBR and OMON, entered the village of Samashki (Achkhoy-Martanovsky district of Chechnya). It was alleged that the village was defended by more than 300 people (the so-called "Abkhaz battalion" of Shamil Basayev). After the Russian military entered the village, some residents who had weapons began to resist, and shootings broke out in the streets of the village.
According to a number of international organizations (in particular, the UN Commission on Human Rights - UNCHR), many civilians died during the battle for Samashki. This information, disseminated by the separatist agency Chechen-Press, however, turned out to be quite contradictory - for example, according to representatives of the human rights center Memorial, these data are “not credible”. According to Memorial, the minimum number of civilians killed during the cleansing of a village was 112-114 people.
One way or another, this operation caused a great resonance in Russian society and strengthened anti-Russian sentiments in Chechnya.
On April 15-16, the decisive assault on Bamut began - Russian troops managed to enter the village and gain a foothold on the outskirts. Then, however, the Russian troops were forced to leave the village, since now the militants occupied the commanding heights over the village, using the old missile silos of the Strategic Missile Forces, designed for conducting a nuclear war and invulnerable to Russian aviation. A series of battles for this village continued until June 1995, then the fighting was suspended after the terrorist attack in Budyonnovsk and resumed in February 1996.
By April 1995, Russian troops occupied almost the entire flat territory of Chechnya and the separatists focused on sabotage and partisan operations.
30. Establishment of control over the mountainous regions of Chechnya (May - June 1995)
From April 28 to May 11, 1995, the Russian side announced the suspension of hostilities on its part.
The offensive was resumed only on May 12. The attacks of Russian troops fell on the villages of Chiri-Yurt, which covered the entrance to the Argun gorge and Serzhen-Yurt, which was located at the entrance to the Vedeno gorge. Despite the significant superiority in manpower and equipment, the Russian troops got bogged down in the enemy's defense - it took General Shamanov a week of shelling and bombing to take Chiri-Yurt.
Under these conditions, the Russian command decided to change the direction of the strike - instead of Shatoi to Vedeno. Militant units were pinned down in the Argun gorge and on June 3 Vedeno was taken by Russian troops, and on June 12 the regional centers Shatoi and Nozhai-Yurt were taken.
Also, as in the lowland areas, the separatist forces were not defeated and were able to withdraw from the abandoned settlements. Therefore, even during the "truce", the militants were able to transfer a significant part of their forces to the northern regions - on May 14, the city of Grozny was shelled by them more than 14 times.
31. Terrorist act in Budyonnovsk (June 14-19, 1995)
On June 14, 1995, a group of Chechen fighters of 195 people, led by field commander Shamil Basayev, drove into the territory of the Stavropol Territory in trucks and stopped in the city of Budennovsk.
The first object of the attack was the GOVD building, then the terrorists occupied the city hospital and drove the captured civilians into it. In total, there were about 2,000 hostages in the hands of the terrorists. Basayev put forward demands to the Russian authorities - the cessation of hostilities and the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya, negotiations with Dudayev through the mediation of UN representatives in exchange for the release of the hostages.
Under these conditions, the authorities decided to storm the hospital building. Due to information leakage, the terrorists managed to prepare to repel the assault, which lasted four hours; As a result, the special forces recaptured all the corps (except for the main one), freeing 95 hostages. The losses of the special forces amounted to three people killed. On the same day, an unsuccessful second assault attempt was made.
After the failure of forceful actions to free the hostages, negotiations began between the then Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Viktor Chernomyrdin and the field commander Shamil Basayev. The terrorists were provided with buses, on which they, together with 120 hostages, arrived in the Chechen village of Zandak, where the hostages were released.
The total losses of the Russian side, according to official data, amounted to 143 people (of which 46 were members of the security forces) and 415 wounded, the loss of terrorists - 19 killed and 20 wounded.
32. The situation in the republic in June - December 1995
After the terrorist attack in Budyonnovsk, from 19 to 22 June, the first round of negotiations between the Russian and Chechen sides took place in Grozny, at which it was possible to achieve the introduction of a moratorium on hostilities for an indefinite period.
From June 27 to June 30, the second stage of negotiations took place there, at which an agreement was reached on the exchange of prisoners "all for all", the disarmament of the CRI detachments, the withdrawal of Russian troops and the holding of free elections.
Despite all the agreements concluded, the ceasefire was violated by both sides. Chechen units returned to their villages, but not as members of illegal armed groups, but as “self-defense units”. Local battles took place throughout Chechnya. For some time, the emerging tensions were resolved through negotiations. Thus, on August 18-19, Russian troops blocked Achkhoy-Martan; the situation was resolved at the talks in Grozny.
On August 21, a detachment of fighters of the field commander Alaudi Khamzatov captured Argun, but after a heavy shelling undertaken by Russian troops, left the city, into which Russian armored vehicles were then introduced.
In September, Achkhoy-Martan and Sernovodsk were blocked by Russian troops, since there were militant detachments in these settlements. The Chechen side refused to leave the occupied positions, since, according to them, these were "self-defense units" that had the right to be in accordance with the agreements reached earlier.
On October 6, 1995, General Romanov, commander of the United Group of Forces (UGV), was assassinated, as a result of which he ended up in a coma. In turn, “retaliation strikes” were inflicted on Chechen villages.
On October 8, an unsuccessful attempt was made to eliminate Dudaev - an air strike was delivered to the village of Roshni-Chu.
Before the elections, the Russian leadership decided to replace the leaders of the pro-Russian administration of the republic, Salambek Khadzhiev and Umar Avturkhanov, with the former head of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR Dokka Zavgaev.
On December 10-12, the city of Gudermes, occupied by Russian troops without resistance, was captured by the detachments of Salman Raduev, Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov and Sultan Geliskhanov. On December 14-20, there were battles for this city, and about a week of "cleansing" operations were needed for the Russian troops to finally take Gudermes under their control.
On December 14-17, elections were held in Chechnya, which were held with a large number of violations, but nevertheless, they were recognized as valid. Supporters of the separatists announced in advance about boycotting and non-recognition of the elections. Dokku Zavgaev won the elections, receiving over 90% of the votes; at the same time, all the servicemen of the UGA took part in the elections.
33. Terrorist act in Kizlyar (January 9-18, 1996)
On January 9, 1996, a detachment of militants of 256 people under the command of field commanders Salman Raduev, Turpal-Ali Atgeriev and Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov raided the city of Kizlyar. Initially, the militants' target was a Russian helicopter base and an armory. The terrorists destroyed two Mi-8 transport helicopters and took several hostages from among the military personnel guarding the base. The Russian military and law enforcement agencies began to move to the city, so the terrorists seized the hospital and the maternity hospital, driving about 3,000 more civilians there. This time, the Russian authorities did not give the order to storm the hospital, so as not to increase anti-Russian sentiments in Dagestan. During the negotiations, it was possible to agree on the provision of buses to the militants to the border with Chechnya in exchange for the release of the hostages, who were supposed to be dropped off at the very border. On January 10, a convoy with militants and hostages moved to the border. When it became clear that the terrorists would leave for Chechnya, the bus convoy was stopped by warning shots. Taking advantage of the confusion of the Russian leadership, the militants seized the village of Pervomayskoye, disarming the police checkpoint there. From 11 to 14 January, negotiations were held; on January 15-18, an unsuccessful assault on the village took place. In parallel with the assault on Pervomaiskoye, on January 16, in the Turkish port of Trabzon, a group of terrorists seized the Avrasia passenger ship with threats to shoot Russian hostages if the assault was not stopped. After two days of negotiations, the terrorists surrendered to the Turkish authorities.
On January 18, under cover of night, the militants broke through the encirclement and left for Chechnya.
The losses of the Russian side, according to official data, amounted to 78 people killed and several hundred wounded.
34. Militants' attack on Grozny (6-8 March 1996) On 6 March 1996, several militant detachments attacked Grozny, which was controlled by Russian troops, from various directions. The militants seized the Staropromyslovsky district of the city, blockaded and fired at Russian checkpoints and checkpoints. Despite the fact that Grozny remained under the control of the Russian armed forces, the separatists, when retreating, took with them supplies of food, medicine and ammunition. According to official data, the losses of the Russian side amounted to 70 people killed and 259 wounded.
35. Fight near the village of Yaryshmardy (April 16, 1996) On April 16, 1996, a column of the 245th motorized rifle regiment of the Russian Armed Forces, moving to Shatoi, was ambushed in the Argun gorge near the village of Yaryshmardy. The operation was led by the field commander Khattab. The militants knocked out the head and trailing convoy of the vehicle, thus the convoy was blocked and suffered significant losses - almost all armored vehicles and half of the personnel were lost.
36. Liquidation of Dzhokhar Dudayev (April 21, 1996)
From the very beginning of the Chechen campaign, the Russian special services have repeatedly tried to eliminate the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Dzhokhar Dudayev. Attempts to dispatch killers ended in failure. We managed to find out that Dudayev often speaks on the satellite phone of the Inmarsat system.
On April 21, 1996, the Russian AWACS A-50 aircraft, on which equipment for bearing the satellite phone signal was installed, received an order to take off. At the same time, Dudaev's cortege left for the area of the village of Gekhi-Chu. Unfolding his phone, Dudayev contacted Konstantin Borov. At that moment, the signal from the phone was intercepted, and two Su-25 attack aircraft took off. When the planes reached the target, two missiles were fired at the motorcade, one of which hit the target.
By a closed decree of Boris Yeltsin, several military pilots were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation
37. Negotiations with separatists (May - July 1996)
Despite some successes of the Russian Armed Forces (the successful liquidation of Dudayev, the final capture of the settlements of Goiskoye, Stary Achkhoy, Bamut, Shali), the war began to take on a protracted nature. In the context of the upcoming presidential elections, the Russian leadership decided to once again negotiate with the separatists.
On May 27-28, a meeting of the Russian and Ichkerian (headed by Zelimkhan Yandarbiev) delegations took place in Moscow, at which it was possible to agree on an armistice from June 1, 1996 and an exchange of prisoners. Immediately after the end of negotiations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin flew to Grozny, where he congratulated the Russian military on the victory over the "rebellious Dudayev regime" and announced the abolition of military duty.
On June 10, in Nazran (Republic of Ingushetia), during the next round of negotiations, an agreement was reached on the withdrawal of Russian troops from the territory of Chechnya (with the exception of two brigades), disarming separatist detachments, and holding free democratic elections. The question of the status of the republic was temporarily postponed.
The agreements concluded in Moscow and Nazran were violated by both sides, in particular, the Russian side was in no hurry to withdraw its troops, and the Chechen field commander Ruslan Khaikhoroev took responsibility for the explosion of a regular bus in Nalchik.
On July 3, 1996, the current president of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, was re-elected as president. The new secretary of the Security Council, Alexander Lebed, announced the resumption of hostilities against the militants.
On July 9, after the Russian ultimatum, hostilities resumed - aviation launched strikes on militant bases in the mountainous Shatoisky, Vedensky and Nozhai-Yurtovsky regions.
38. Operation "Jihad" (6-22 August 1996)
On August 6, 1996, detachments of Chechen separatists, numbering from 850 to 2000, again attacked Grozny. The separatists did not aim at capturing the city; they blocked administrative buildings in the city center and fired at checkpoints and checkpoints. The Russian garrison under the command of General Pulikovsky, despite the significant superiority in manpower and equipment, could not hold the city.
Simultaneously with the storming of Grozny, the separatists also captured the cities of Gudermes (taken by them without a fight) and Argun (Russian troops held only the commandant's office building).
According to Oleg Lukin, it was the defeat of the Russian troops in Grozny that led to the signing of the Khasavyurt ceasefire agreements.
In Chechnya, Russian troops fought under the tsars, when the Caucasus region was just a part of the Russian Empire. But in the nineties of the last century, a real massacre began there, the echoes of which still continue. Chechen war in 1994-1996 and in 1999-2000 - two disasters of the Russian army.
Background of the Chechen Wars
The Caucasus has always been a very difficult region for Russia. Issues of nationality, religion, culture have always been raised very sharply and were resolved by far from peaceful means.
After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the influence of the separatists increased in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the basis of national and religious hostility, as a result of which the Republic of Ichkeria was self-proclaimed. She entered into confrontation with Russia.
In November 1991, Boris Yeltsin, then the president of Russia, issued a decree "On the introduction of a state of emergency on the territory of the Chechen-Ingush Republic." But this decree was not supported in the Supreme Soviet of Russia, in view of the fact that most of the seats there were occupied by opponents of Yeltsin.
In 1992, on March 3, Dzhokhar Dudayev announced that he would enter into negotiations only when Chechnya gained full independence. A few days later, on the twelfth, the parliament of Chechnya adopted a new constitution, self-proclaiming the country a secular independent state.
Almost immediately, all government buildings, all military bases, and all strategically important facilities were captured. The territory of Chechnya has completely come under the control of the separatists. From that moment on, the legitimate centralized authority ceased to exist. The situation got out of control: the trade in arms and people flourished, drug trafficking passed through the territory, bandits robbed the population (especially Slavic).
In June 1993, soldiers from Dudayev's personal security seized the parliament building in Grozny, and Dudayev himself proclaimed the emergence of "sovereign Ichkeria" - a state that he completely controlled.
A year later, the First Chechen War (1994-1996) will begin, which will mark the beginning of a whole series of wars and conflicts that have become, perhaps, the bloodiest and most violent in the entire territory of the former Soviet Union.
The first Chechen: the beginning
In 1994, on December 11, Russian troops entered the territory of Chechnya in three groups. One entered from the west, through North Ossetia, another - through Mozdok, and the third group - from the territory of Dagestan. Initially, the command was entrusted to Eduard Vorobyov, but he refused and resigned, citing the complete unpreparedness of this operation. Later, the operation in Chechnya will be headed by Anatoly Kvashnin.
Of the three groups, only the "Mozdok" group was able to successfully reach Grozny on December 12 - the other two were blocked in different parts of Chechnya by local residents and partisan detachments of militants. A few days later, the remaining two groupings of Russian troops approached Grozny and blocked it from all sides, with the exception of the southern direction. Until the beginning of the assault on this side, access to the city would be free for militants, which later influenced the siege of Grozny by federal waxes.
The storming of Grozny
On December 31, 1994, the assault began, which claimed many lives of Russian soldiers and remained one of the most tragic episodes in Russian history. About two hundred units of armored vehicles entered Grozny from three sides, which was almost powerless in the conditions of street battles. Communication between the companies was poorly established, which made it difficult to coordinate joint actions.
Russian troops got stuck in the streets of the city, constantly getting caught in the crossfire of militants. The battalion of the Maykop brigade, which advanced farthest to the center of the city, was surrounded and was almost completely destroyed along with its commander, Colonel Savin. The battalion of the Petrakuvsky motorized rifle regiment, which went to the "Maykop" residents to the rescue, according to the results of two days of fighting, totaled about thirty percent of the original composition.
By the beginning of February, the number of storming soldiers was increased to seventy thousand people, but the storming of the city continued. Only on February 3rd was Grozny blocked from the south and encircled.
On March 6, part of the last detachments of the Chechen separatists were killed, the other left the city. Grozny remained under the control of Russian troops. In fact, little remained of the city - both sides actively used both artillery and armored vehicles, so Grozny was practically in ruins.
On the rest, there were continuous local battles between Russian troops and militant detachments. In addition, the militants trained and conducted a number (June 1995) in Kizlyar (January 1996). In March 1996, the militants made an attempt to recapture Grozny, but the assault was repelled by Russian soldiers. And Dudayev was eliminated.
In August, the militants repeated their attempt to take Grozny, this time it was successful. Many important facilities in the city were blocked by separatists, and Russian troops suffered very heavy losses. Together with Grozny, the militants took Gudermes and Argun. On August 31, 1996, the Khasavyurt agreement was signed - the First Chechen war ended with huge losses for Russia.
Casualties in the First Chechen War
The data differs depending on which party is counting. Actually, this is not surprising and it has always been so. Therefore, all options are provided below.
Losses in the Chechen war (table number 1 according to the headquarters of the Russian troops):
The two numbers in each column showing the losses of Russian troops are two headquarters investigations, which were carried out with a difference of a year.
According to the Committee of Soldiers' Mothers, the consequences of the Chechen war are completely different. Some of those killed there are named about fourteen thousand people.
Losses in the Chechen war (table 2) of militants according to Ichkeria and a human rights organization:
Among the civilian population, "Memorial" put forward a figure of 30-40 thousand people, and the secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation A. I. Lebed - 80,000.
Second Chechen: main events
Even after the signing of the peace agreements, it did not become calmer in Chechnya. Militants ran everything, there was a brisk trade in drugs and weapons, people were kidnapped and killed. There was anxiety on the border between Dagestan and Chechnya.
After a series of abductions of major businessmen, officers, journalists, it became clear that the continuation of the conflict in a more acute phase is simply inevitable. Moreover, since April, small groups of militants began to probe the weak points of the defense of the Russian troops, preparing the invasion of Dagestan. The invasion operation was led by Basayev and Khattab. The place where the militants planned to strike was in the mountainous zone of Dagestan. There was a combination of a small number of Russian troops with an inconvenient location of roads, along which you could not transfer reinforcements very quickly. On August 7, 1999, the militants crossed the border.
The main striking force of the bandits were mercenaries and Islamists from al-Qaeda. For almost a month the fighting went on with varying success, but, finally, the militants were driven back to Chechnya. At the same time, the bandits carried out a number of terrorist attacks in different cities of Russia, including Moscow.
In retaliation, on September 23, a heavy shelling of Grozny began, and a week later Russian troops entered Chechnya.
Human losses in the Second Chechen war among Russian military personnel
The situation changed, and the dominant role was now played by Russian troops. But many mothers never saw their sons.
Losses in the Chechen war (table number 3):
In June 2010, the commander-in-chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs gave the following figures: 2,984 killed and about 9,000 wounded.
Losses of militants
Losses in the Chechen war (table number 4):
Civilian casualties
According to the data, which was officially confirmed, as of February 2001, over a thousand civilians were killed. In S. V. Ryazantsev's book "Demographic and Migration Portrait of the North Caucasus", the losses of the sides in the Chechen war in five thousand people are named, although we are already talking about 2003.
Judging by the assessment of the Amnesty International organization, which calls itself non-governmental and objective, there were about twenty-five thousand people killed among the civilian population. They can count for a long time and diligently, only to the question: "How many actually died in the Chechen war?" - hardly anyone will give an intelligible answer.
Results of the war: conditions of peace, restoration of Chechnya
While the Chechen war was going on, the loss of equipment, enterprises, land, any resources and everything else was not even considered, because people always remain the main ones. But the war ended, Chechnya remained a part of Russia, and the need arose to restore the republic practically from ruins.
Huge money was allocated for - Grozny. After several assaults, there are almost no entire buildings left, but at the moment it is a large and beautiful city.
The economy of the republic was also raised artificially - it was necessary to give time for the population to get used to the new realities, so that new factories and farms were rebuilt. Roads, communication lines, electricity were needed. Today we can say that the republic has almost completely overcome the crisis.
Chechen wars: reflected in films, books
Dozens of films have been filmed based on the events that took place in Chechnya. Many books have been released. Now it is no longer clear where the fictions are, and where the real horrors of war are. The Chechen war (like the war in Afghanistan) claimed too many lives and went like a "roller" for a whole generation, so it simply could not remain unnoticed. Russia's losses in the Chechen wars are colossal, and, according to some researchers, the losses are even greater than in ten years of the war in Afghanistan. Below is a list of films that most deeply show us the tragic events of the Chechen campaigns.
- a documentary film of five episodes "The Chechen Trap";
- "Purgatory";
- "Cursed and Forgotten";
- "Prisoner of the Caucasus".
Many fiction and journalistic books describe the events in Chechnya. As part of the Russian troops, for example, the now famous writer Zakhar Prilepin fought, who wrote the novel "Pathology" about this particular war. Writer and publicist Konstantin Semyonov published a series of stories "Grozny Stories" (about the storming of the city) and the novel "We were betrayed by the Motherland." Vyacheslav Mironov's novel "I was in this war" is dedicated to the storming of Grozny.
The video recordings made in Chechnya by rock musician Yuri Shevchuk are widely known. He and his DDT group have performed more than once in Chechnya in front of Russian soldiers in Grozny and at military bases.
Conclusion
The State Council of Chechnya has published data from which it follows that in the period from 1991 to 2005, almost one hundred and sixty thousand people died - this figure includes militants, civilians, and Russian soldiers. One hundred sixty thousand.
Even if the numbers are overestimated (which is quite likely), the volume of losses is just colossal. Russia's losses in the Chechen wars are a terrible memory of the nineties. The old wound will hurt and itch in every family that lost a man there, in the Chechen war.
On the site of the Tukhcharskaya tragedy, known in publicism as the "Tukhcharskaya Golgotha of the Russian outpost", now "there is a solid wooden cross, erected by riot police from Sergiev Posad. At its base there are stones piled up in a heap, symbolizing Calvary, with withered flowers lying on them. On one of the stones a slightly bent, extinguished candle stands forlornly, a symbol of memory. And also an icon of the Savior with the prayer "For the forgiveness of forgotten sins" is attached to the cross. Forgive us, Lord, that we do not yet know what this place is ... six servicemen of the Internal Troops of Russia were executed here. Seven more then miraculously managed to escape. "
AT A NAMELESS HEIGHT
They - twelve soldiers and one officer of the Kalachevskaya brigade - were thrown to the border village of Tukhchar to reinforce local militiamen. There were rumors that the Chechens were about to cross the river and hit the rear of the Kadar group. The senior lieutenant tried not to think about it. He had an order, and he had to carry it out.
We occupied a height of 444.3 on the very border, dug full-length trenches and a caponier for the BMP. Below are the roofs of Tukhchar, a Muslim cemetery and a checkpoint. Behind a shallow stream is the Chechen village of Ishkhoyurt. They say a robber's nest. And one more - Galayty - hid in the south behind a ridge of hills. A blow can be expected from both sides. The position is like the edge of a sword, at the very front. You can stay at a height, but the flanks are not secured. 18 cops with machine guns and a wild motley militia are not the most reliable cover.
On the morning of September 5, Tashkin was awakened by a sentinel: “Comrade senior lieutenant, there seems to be ...“ spirits ”. Tashkin immediately became serious. He ordered: "Raise the boys, just without the noise!"
From the explanatory of private Andrey Padyakov:
On the hill opposite us, in the Chechen Republic, first four, then about 20 more militants appeared. Then our senior lieutenant Tashkin ordered the sniper to open fire to kill ... I clearly saw how one militant fell after the sniper's shot ... Then they opened massive fire on us from machine guns and grenade launchers ... Then the militias surrendered their positions, and the militants bypassed the village and took us into ring. We noticed how about 30 militants ran behind the village behind us. "
The militants did not go where they were expected. They crossed the river south of the height 444 and went deeper into the territory of Dagestan. Several bursts were enough to disperse the militias. Meanwhile, the second group - also twenty to twenty-five people - attacked a police checkpoint near the outskirts of Tukhchar. This detachment was led by a certain Umar Karpinsky, the leader of the Karpinsky Jamaat (an area in Grozny), who was personally subordinate to Abdul-Malik Mezhidov, the commander of the Sharia Guard. * The Chechens with a short blow knocked the militiamen out of the checkpoint ** and, hiding behind the gravestones of the cemetery, began to approach the positions of the motorized riflemen ... Simultaneously, the first group attacked the height from the rear. From this side, the BMP caponier had no protection and the lieutenant ordered the driver-mechanic to bring the car to the ridge and maneuver.
"Height", we are under attack! - shouted Tashkin, holding his headset to his ear, - They are attacking with superior forces! What?! I ask for support with fire! " But “Vysota” was occupied by the Lipetsk riot police and demanded to hold on. Tashkin swore and jumped off the armor. “How the x… hold on ?! Four horns per brother ... "***
The denouement was near. A minute later, a cumulative grenade that had flown in from nowhere broke the side of the "box". The gunner, together with the tower, was thrown about ten meters; the driver died instantly.
Tashkin glanced at his watch. It was 7:30 in the morning. Half an hour of the battle - and he had already lost his main trump card: a 30-mm BMP machine gun, which kept the "Czechs" at a respectful distance. In addition, and the connection was closed, the ammunition ran out. We must leave while there is an opportunity. It will be late in five minutes.
Picking up the shell-shocked and badly burned gunner Aleskei Polagaev, the soldiers rushed down to the second checkpoint. The wounded man was dragged on his shoulders by his friend Ruslan Shindin, then Alexei woke up and ran himself. Seeing the soldiers running towards them, the militiamen covered them with fire from the checkpoint. After a short skirmish, there was a lull. After some time, local residents came to the post and reported that the militants had given half an hour to leave Tukhchar. The villagers took civilian clothes with them to the post - this was the only chance of salvation for the police and soldiers. The senior lieutenant did not agree to leave the checkpoint, and then the police, as one of the soldiers later said, ‘climbed into a fight’. ****
The argument of strength was compelling. In a crowd of local residents, the defenders of the checkpoint reached the village and began to hide - some in basements and attics, and some in corn thickets.
Resident of Tukhchara Gurum Dzhaparova says: He came - only the shooting died down. How did you come? I went out into the yard - I saw, standing, staggering, holding on to the gate. He was covered in blood and was badly burned - no hair, no ears, the skin on his face burst. Chest, shoulder, arm - everything is cut by splinters. I'll get him to the house as soon as possible. The militants, I say, are all around. You should go to yours. But will you get there like this? She sent her eldest Ramadan, he is 9 years old, for a doctor ... His clothes are all covered in blood, burnt. My grandmother Atikat and I cut it off, rather into a sack and threw it into a ravine. We washed it somehow. Our village doctor Hasan came, removed the fragments, smeared the wounds. Did you still get an injection - diphenhydramine, or what? He began to fall asleep from the injection. I put it with the children in the room.
Half an hour later, on Umar's order, the militants began to ‘wool’ the village - a hunt for soldiers and policemen began. Tashkin, four soldiers and a Dagestani policeman hid in a shed. The barn was surrounded. They brought cans of gasoline, doused the walls. "Give up, or we'll burn you alive!" In response, silence. The militants looked at each other. “Who is your senior there? Decide, commander! Why die in vain? We do not need your lives - we will feed them, then we will exchange them for our own! Give up!"
The soldiers and the policeman believed and left. And only when militia lieutenant Akhmed Davdiev was cut off by a machine-gun burst did they understand that they had been cruelly deceived. "And we have prepared something else for you!" - the Chechens laughed.
From the testimony of the defendant Tamerlan Khasaev:
Umar ordered to check all the buildings. We dispersed and two people began to go around the house. I was an ordinary soldier and carried out orders, especially a new person among them, not everyone trusted me. And as I understand it, the operation was prepared in advance and clearly organized. I learned from the radio that a soldier had been found in the barn. We were told by radio an order to gather at the police post outside the village of Tukhchar. When everyone gathered, these 6 soldiers were already there. "
The burnt gunner was betrayed by one of the locals. Gurum Dzhaparova tried to defend him - it was useless. He left, surrounded by a dozen bearded guys - to his death.
The further was meticulously recorded on camera by the operator of the militants. Umar, apparently, decided to "educate the cubs." In the battle at Tukhchar, his company lost four, each of the killed had relatives and friends, they had a blood debt on them. "You took our blood - we will take yours!" - said Umar to the prisoners. The soldiers were taken to the outskirts. Four "bloodlines" in turn cut the throat of the officer and three soldiers. Another escaped, tried to escape - he was shot from a machine gun. Umar killed the sixth personally.
Only the next morning, the head of the administration of the village, Magomed-Sultan Hasanov, received permission from the militants to take the bodies. On a school truck, the bodies of senior lieutenant Vasily Tashkin and privates Vladimir Kaufman, Alexei Lipatov, Boris Erdneev, Alexei Polagaev and Konstantin Anisimov were delivered to the Gerzelsky checkpoint. The rest managed to sit out. Some of the locals were taken to the Gerzel Bridge the very next morning. On the way, they learned about the execution of their colleagues. Aleksey Ivanov, after spending two days in the attic, left the village when he was bombed by Russian aviation. Fyodor Chernavin sat in the basement for five whole days - the owner of the house helped him to get out to his own.
The story doesn't end there. In a few days, the recording of the murder of soldiers of the 22nd Brigade will be shown on Grozny television. Then, already in 2000, it will fall into the hands of investigators. Based on the materials of the videotape, a criminal case against 9 people will be initiated. Of these, justice will overtake only two. Tamerlan Khasaev will receive a life sentence, Islam Mukayev - 25 years. Material taken from the forum "BROTHER" http://phorum.bratishka.ru/viewtopic.php?f=21&t=7406&start=350
About the same events from the press:
"I just approached him with a knife."
In the Ingush regional center of Sleptsovsk, officers of the Urus-Martan and Sunzhensky ROVDs detained Islam Mukayev, suspected of involvement in the brutal execution of six Russian servicemen in the Dagestan village of Tukhchar in September 1999, when Basayev's gang occupied several villages in the Novolaksky district of Dagestan. A video cassette was seized from Mukayev, confirming the fact of his involvement in the bloody massacre, as well as weapons and ammunition. Now law enforcement officers are checking the detainee for his possible involvement in other crimes, since it is known that he was a member of illegal armed groups. Before Mukayev's arrest, the only participant in the execution who fell into the hands of justice was Tamerlan Khasaev, who was sentenced in October 2002 to life imprisonment.
Soldier hunting
In the early morning of September 5, 1999, Basayev's detachments invaded the territory of the Novolaksky district. Emir Umar was responsible for the Tukhchar direction. The road to the Chechen village of Galayty, leading from Tukhchar, was guarded by a checkpoint at which Dagestani militiamen were on duty. On the hill, they were covered by an infantry fighting vehicle and 13 soldiers of a brigade of internal troops, sent to strengthen the checkpoint from the neighboring village of Duchi. But the militants entered the village from the rear, and, after a short battle, seized the village police department, began shelling the hill. The BMP buried in the ground caused considerable damage to the attackers, but when the encirclement ring began to shrink, Senior Lieutenant Vasily Tashkin ordered the BMP to be driven out of the trench and opened fire across the river at the car that was bringing the militants. The ten-minute hitch turned out to be fatal for the soldiers. A shot from a grenade launcher to a combat vehicle demolished the tower. The gunner died on the spot, and the driver Aleksey Polagaev was shell-shocked. Tashkin ordered the others to retreat to the checkpoint located a few hundred meters away. The unconscious Polagaev was first carried on his shoulders by his colleague Ruslan Shindin; then Alexey, who had received a through wound in the head, woke up and ran himself. Seeing the soldiers running towards them, the militiamen covered them with fire from the checkpoint. After a short skirmish, there was a lull. After some time, local residents came to the post and reported that the militants had given half an hour for the soldiers to leave Tukhchar. The villagers took civilian clothes with them - this was the only chance of salvation for the police and soldiers. The senior lieutenant refused to leave, and then the militiamen, as one of the soldiers later said, ‘got into a fight with him’. The force argument proved to be more compelling. In the crowd of local residents, the defenders of the checkpoint reached the village and began to hide - some in basements and attics, and some in corn thickets. Half an hour later, on the orders of Umar, the militants began to clean up the village. Now it is already difficult to establish whether the local residents gave up the military or whether the intelligence of the militants worked, but six soldiers fell into the hands of the bandits.
‘Your son died because of the negligence of our officers’
By order of Umar, the prisoners were taken to a clearing next to the checkpoint. The further was meticulously recorded on camera by the operator of the militants. The four executioners appointed by Umar took turns carrying out the order, cutting the throat of the officer and four soldiers. Umar dealt with the sixth victim personally. "Only Tamerlan Khasaev made a mistake." Stripping the victim with a blade, he straightened up over the wounded soldier - from the sight of the blood he felt uncomfortable, and he handed the knife to another militant. The bleeding soldier broke free and ran. One of the militants began to shoot after him with a pistol, but the bullets passed by. And only when the fugitive, stumbling, fell into the pit, he was cold-bloodedly finished off from a machine gun.
The next morning, the head of the village administration, Magomed-Sultan Hasanov, received permission from the militants to take the bodies. On a school truck, the bodies of senior lieutenant Vasily Tashkin and privates Vladimir Kaufman, Alexei Lipatov, Boris Erdneev, Alexei Polagaev and Konstantin Anisimov were delivered to the Gerzelsky checkpoint. The rest of the soldiers of military unit 3642 managed to sit out in their hiding places until the bandits left.
At the end of September, six zinc coffins were lowered into the ground in different parts of Russia - in Krasnodar and Novosibirsk, in Altai and Kalmykia, in the Tomsk region and in the Orenburg region. For a long time, the parents did not know the terrible details of the death of their sons. The father of one of the soldiers, having learned the terrible truth, asked him to enter in the death certificate of his son a meager wording - "a gunshot wound". Otherwise, he explained, the wife would not survive it.
Someone, having learned about the death of their son from the television news, protected themselves from details - the heart would not withstand the exorbitant burden. Someone tried to get to the bottom of the truth and looked around the country for his son's colleagues. It was important for Sergei Mikhailovich Polagaev to know that his son did not flinch in battle. He learned how everything really happened from a letter from Ruslan Shindin: “Your son died not because of cowardice, but because of the negligence of our officers. The company commander came to us three times, but never brought ammunition. He brought only night binoculars with installed batteries. And we defended there, each had 4 shops ... '
Hostage executioner
The first of the thugs to fall into the hands of law enforcement agencies was Tamerlan Khasaev. Convicted of eight and a half years for kidnapping in December 2001, he was serving time in a strict regime colony in the Kirov region, when the investigation, thanks to a video tape seized during a special operation on the territory of Chechnya, was able to establish that he was one of those who participated in the bloody massacre on the outskirts of Tukhchar.
Khasaev ended up in Basayev's detachment in early September 1999 - one of his friends seduced him with the opportunity to get a trophy weapon on a campaign to Dagestan, which could then be sold profitably. So Khasayev ended up in the gang of Emir Umar, subordinate to the notorious commander of the ‘Islamic Special Purpose Regiment’ Abdulmalik Mezhidov, deputy of Shamil Basayev ...
In February 2002, Khasayev was transferred to the Makhachkala SIZO and shown a recording of the execution. He did not open up. Moreover, the case already contained testimonies from the residents of Tukhchar, who confidently identified Khasayev from a photograph sent from the colony. (The militants did not particularly hide, and the execution itself was visible even from the windows of houses on the edge of the village). Khasaev stood out among the militants dressed in camouflage with a white T-shirt.
The trial in the Khasaev case took place in the Supreme Court of Dagestan in October 2002. He pleaded guilty only partially: “I admit participation in illegal armed groups, weapons and invasion. And I didn't cut the soldier ... I just went up to him with a knife. Before that, they killed two. When I saw this picture, I refused to cut, gave the knife to another '.
“They were the first to start,” Khasaev said about the battle in Tukhchara. - BMP opened fire, and Umar ordered the grenade launchers to take positions. And when I said that there was no such agreement, he assigned three militants to me. Since then, I myself have been with them as a hostage. '
For participation in an armed rebellion, a militant received 15 years, for theft of weapons - 10, for participation in an illegal armed group and illegal carrying of weapons - five. For encroachment on the life of a serviceman, Khasayev, according to the court, deserved the death penalty, but in connection with the moratorium on its use, an alternative punishment was chosen - life imprisonment.
Seven other participants in the execution in Tukhchar, including four of its direct perpetrators, are still on the wanted list. However, as Arsen Israilov, investigator for especially important cases of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus, who was investigating the Khasayev case, told the GAZETA correspondent, Islam Mukayev was not on this list until recently: “In the near future, the investigation will find out what specific crimes he is involved in. And if his participation in the execution in Tukhchar is confirmed, he may become our ‘client’ and be transferred to the Makhachkala SIZO.
http://www.gzt.ru/topnews/accidents/47339.html?from=copiedlink
And this is about one of the guys brutally killed by Chechen thugs in September 1999 in Tukhchar.
"Cargo - 200" has also arrived at the Kiznerskaya land. In the battles for the liberation of Dagestan from bandit formations, Aleksey Ivanovich Paranin, a native of the village of Ishek of the Zvezda collective farm and a graduate of our school, was killed. Aleksey was born on January 25, 1980. Graduated from the Verkhnetyzhma basic school. He was a very curious, lively, brave boy. Then he studied at the Mozhginsky GPTU No. 12, where he received the profession of a bricklayer. True, he did not have time to work, he was drafted into the army. He served in the North Caucasus for over a year. And now - the Dagestan war. Several battles took place. On the night of September 5-6, an infantry fighting vehicle on which Alexei served as a gunner was transferred to the Lipetsk OMON and guarded a checkpoint near the village of Novolakskoye. The militants who attacked at night set fire to the BMP. The soldiers left the car and fought, but it was too unequal. All the wounded were brutally finished off. We all grieve over the death of Alexei. Words of comfort are hard to find. On November 26, 2007, a memorial plaque was installed on the school building. The opening of the memorial plaque was attended by Aleksey's mother, Lyudmila Alekseevna, and representatives from the youth department from the district. Now we are starting to design an album about him, there is a stand at the school dedicated to Alexei. In addition to Alexei, four more students of our school took part in the Chechen campaign: Edward Kadrov, Alexander Ivanov, Alexey Anisimov and Alexey Kiselev, who was awarded the Order of Courage. It is very scary and bitter when young children die. The Paranin family had three children, but the son was the only one. Ivan Alekseevich, Aleksei's father, works as a tractor driver on the Zvezda collective farm; his mother, Lyudmila Alekseevna, is a school employee.
Together with you, we grieve over the death of Alexei. Words of comfort are hard to find. http://kiznrono.udmedu.ru/content/view/21/21/
April 2009 The third trial in the case of the execution of six Russian servicemen in the village of Tukhchar, Novolaksky District, in September 1999, was completed in the Supreme Court of Dagestan. One of the participants in the execution, 35-year-old Arbi Dandaev, who, according to the court, personally cut the throat of senior lieutenant Vasily Tashkin, was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment in a special regime colony.
Former employee of the national security service of Ichkeria, Arbi Dandaev, according to the investigation, took part in the attack of Shamil Basayev and Khattab's gangs on Dagestan in 1999. In early September, he joined a detachment led by Emir Umar Karpinsky, who on September 5 of the same year invaded the territory of the Novolaksky district of the republic. From the Chechen village of Galayty, the militants headed to the Dagestani village of Tukhchar - the road was guarded by a checkpoint where Dagestani policemen were on duty. On the hill, they were covered by an infantry fighting vehicle and 13 soldiers from the brigade of the internal troops. But the militants entered the village from the rear and, after a short battle, seized the village police department, began shelling the hill. The BMP buried in the ground inflicted considerable damage on the attackers, but when the encirclement ring began to shrink, Senior Lieutenant Vasily Tashkin ordered to drive the armored vehicle out of the trench and open fire across the river at the car that was bringing the militants. The ten-minute hitch turned out to be fatal for the soldiers: a shot from a grenade launcher at the BMP demolished the tower. The gunner died on the spot, and the driver Aleksey Polagaev was shell-shocked. The surviving defenders of the checkpoint reached the village and began to hide - some in basements and attics, and some in corn thickets. Half an hour later, on the orders of Emir Umar, the militants began to search the village, and after a short skirmish, five servicemen, hiding in the basement of one of the houses, had to surrender - in response to an automatic fire, a grenade launcher was fired. After a while, Aleksey Polagaev joined the prisoners - the militants "figured out" him in one of the neighboring houses, where the hostess was hiding him.
By order of Emir Umar, the prisoners were taken to a clearing next to the checkpoint. The further was meticulously recorded on camera by the operator of the militants. Four executioners appointed by the commander of the militants took turns carrying out the order, cutting the throat of the officer and three soldiers (one of the servicemen tried to escape, but he was shot). Emir Umar dealt with the sixth victim personally.
Arbi Dandaev has been hiding from justice for more than eight years, but on April 3, 2008, Chechen policemen detained him in Grozny. He was charged with participation in a stable criminal group (gang) and its attacks, an armed rebellion aimed at changing the territorial integrity of Russia, as well as encroachment on the life of law enforcement officers and illegal arms trafficking.
According to the materials of the investigation, the militant Dandaev confessed to the crimes committed and confirmed his testimony when he was taken to the place of execution. In the Supreme Court of Dagestan, however, he pleaded not guilty, stating that the appearance took place under duress, and refused to testify. Nevertheless, the court found his previous testimony admissible and reliable, since they were given with the participation of a lawyer and no complaints were received from him about the investigation. The court examined the video of the execution, and although it was difficult to recognize the defendant Dandaev as the bearded executioner, the court took into account that the voice of Arbi was clearly pronounced on the record. The residents of the village of Tukhchar were also interrogated. One of them recognized the defendant Dandaev, but the court was critical of his words, given the witness's advanced age and confusion in his testimony.
Speaking in the debate, lawyers Konstantin Sukhachev and Konstantin Mudunov asked the court to either resume the judicial investigation by conducting expert examinations and calling new witnesses, or to acquit the defendant. The accused Dandaev said in his last word that he knew who was in charge of the execution, that this man is at large, and he could give his name if the court resumes the investigation. The judicial investigation was resumed, but only in order to interrogate the defendant.
As a result, the evidence examined did not leave the court in doubt that the defendant Dandaev was guilty. Meanwhile, the defense believes that the court was in a hurry and did not investigate many circumstances important for the case. For example, he did not interrogate Islan Mukayev, who had already been convicted in 2005 of the executioner in Tukhchara (another of the executioners, Tamerlan Khasaev, was sentenced to life imprisonment in October 2002 and died soon in the colony). “Practically all petitions significant for the defense were rejected by the court,” lawyer Konstantin Mudunov told Kommersant. The court rejected this request. He was not objective enough, and we will appeal the verdict. "
According to the relatives of the defendant, mental abnormalities appeared in Arbi Dandaev in 1995, after Russian servicemen wounded his younger brother Alvi in Grozny, and after a while the corpse of a boy was returned from a military hospital, from which internal organs were removed (relatives link this with the trade in human organs that flourished in Chechnya in those years). As the defense stated during the debate, their father, Khamzat Dandaev, achieved the initiation of a criminal case on this fact, but it is not being investigated. According to lawyers, the case against Arbi Dandaev was instituted to prevent his father from seeking punishment for those responsible for the death of his youngest son. These arguments were reflected in the verdict, however, the court considered that the defendant was sane, and on the fact of the death of his brother, the case had long been initiated and had nothing to do with the one under consideration.
As a result, the court re-qualified two articles concerning weapons and gang membership. According to Judge Shikhali Magomedov, the defendant Dandaev acquired the weapon alone, and not as part of a group, and participated in illegal armed groups, and not in a gang. However, these two articles did not affect the verdict, since their statute of limitations expired. But Art. 279 "Armed mutiny" and Art. 317 "Encroachment on the life of a law enforcement officer" was pulled for 25 years and life imprisonment. At the same time, the court took into account both mitigating circumstances (the presence of young children and a confession) and aggravating (the onset of grave consequences and the particular cruelty with which the crime was committed). Thus, despite the fact that the state prosecutor asked for only 22 years, the court sentenced the defendant Dandaev to life in prison. In addition, the court satisfied the civil claims of the parents of the four dead servicemen for compensation for moral damage, the amounts for which ranged from 200 thousand to 2 million rubles. Photo of one of the thugs at the time of the trial.
This is a photo of Art. Lieutenant Vasily Tashkin
Alexey Lipatov
Kaufman Vladimir Egorovich
Polagaev Alexey Sergeevich
Erdneev Boris Ozinovich (a few seconds before his death)
Of the known participants in the massacre of captured Russian soldiers and officers, three are in the hands of justice, two of them are rumored to have died behind bars, others say that someone died in the subsequent clashes, and someone is hiding in France.
In addition, according to the events in Tukhchar, it is known that no one was in a hurry to help the detachment of Vasily Tashkin on that terrible day, not the next and not even the next! Although the main battalion was stationed just a few kilometers not far from Tukhchar. Betrayal? Negligence? A deliberate conspiracy with the militants? Much later, aircraft flew into the village and bombed ... And as a summary of this tragedy and in general about the fate of many, many Russian guys in the shameful war unleashed by the Kremlin clique and subsidized by certain figures from Moscow and directly by the fugitive Mr. A.B. Berezovsky (there are public confessions on the Internet that he personally financed Basayev).
Serf children of war
The film includes the famous video of cutting off the heads of our fighters in Chechnya - details in this article. Official reports are always stingy and often lie. On the 5th and 8th of September last year, judging by the press releases of the law enforcement agencies, ordinary battles were going on in Dagestan. Everything's under control. As usual, losses were reported in passing. They are minimal - a few wounded and killed. In fact, it was during these days that whole platoons and assault groups lost their lives. But on the evening of September 12, the news immediately spread through many agencies: the 22nd brigade of internal troops occupied the village of Karamakhi. General Gennady Troshev noted the subordinates of Colonel Vladimir Kersky. So they learned about another Caucasian victory of Russia. It's time to receive awards. "Behind the scenes" the main thing remained - how, at what terrible cost yesterday's boys survived in a leaden hell. However, for the soldiers it was one of many episodes of bloody work in which they survived by chance. Three months later, the brigade's fighters were again thrown into the thick of it. They attacked the ruins of a cannery in Grozny.
Karamakhin blues
September 8, 1999. I will remember this day for the rest of my life, because it was then that I saw death.
The command post above the village of Kadar was lively. I counted a dozen generals alone. The gunners scurried about, receiving target designation. The officers on duty chased the journalists away from the camouflage net behind which the radio rattled and the telephone operators shouted.
... From behind the clouds the Rooks emerged. The bombs slide down in tiny dots and, after a few seconds, turn into columns of black smoke. An officer from the press service explains to reporters that the aviation works with jewelry at the enemy's firing points. A direct bomb hit the house shatters like a walnut.
Generals have repeatedly stated that the operation in Dagestan is strikingly different from the previous Chechen campaign. There is certainly a difference. Every war is different from its bad sisters. But there are analogies. They don't just catch the eye, they scream. One such example is the "jewelry" work of aviation. Pilots and artillerymen, as in the last war, work not only against the enemy. Soldiers are killed by their own raids.
When a unit of the 22nd Brigade was preparing for the next assault, about twenty soldiers gathered in a circle at the foot of the Wolf Mountain, waiting for the command to go forward. The bomb flew in, hitting exactly in the midst of people, and ... did not explode. The whole platoon was then born in shirts. One soldier was cut off the ankle with a cursed bomb, like a guillotine. The guy, crippled in a split second, was sent to the hospital.
Too many soldiers and officers are aware of such examples. Too many to understand: popular victory pictures and reality are as different as the sun and the moon. While the troops were desperately storming Karamakhi, in the Novolaksky district of Dagestan, a special forces detachment was thrown to the border height. During the attack, something was confused by the "allies" - fire support helicopters began to work in height. As a result, having lost dozens of killed and wounded soldiers, the detachment withdrew. The officers threatened to deal with those who fired at their own ...
